Integration theory applied to judgments of personal happiness by children.
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Child, Preschool↗
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SPTAN1-Results of a Caregiver Survey.
Background: SPTAN1 variants are thought to affect the scaffolding that protects the axonal segment of neurons as well as neuronal synapses. The SPTAN1 gene is located in the 9q34.11 genomic region and encodes the cytoskeletal protein alpha II spectrin. Epilepsy, encephalopathy, and motor neuropathy are most commonly associated with SPTAN1 variants. Methods: An informed consent and questionnaire were developed in order to gather information from caregivers regarding their family members' SPTAN1 variant. Survey results are summarized descriptively, in order of frequency. Results: The results of a questionnaire filled out by the caregivers of loved ones who have a SPTAN1 mutation are summarized for 25 individuals, 14 males and 11 females, who have the SPTAN1 mutation. Conclusions: The results of this survey mirror those reported by other authors and include epilepsy, intellectual and motor delays, encephalopathy, and motor neuropathy. Additional effects of the SPTAN1 mutation reported here include absent or difficult speech, happy personality, decline in cognitive and motor skills with age, vision and hearing abnormalities, organ and skeletal effects, autoimmune diseases, and weakened immune systems.
Humans↗
The psychological effects of sudden infant death syndrome on surviving family members.
It has been estimated that 7,000 to 10,000 deaths each year may be attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although some clinicians have published their personal observations regarding the psychological effects of SIDS on surviving family members, a literature search failed to reveal more thorough studies of the aftermath of SIDS. This study reports the responses to a 13-page questionnaire of 32 parents who had experienced SIDS. Several major findings were observed: (1) SIDS is the most severe crisis these parents had ever experienced, taking their families an average of 8.3 months to regain the level of family organization they had held prior to the death, and taking individual parents an average of 15.9 months to regain the level of personal happiness they had held prior to the death; (2) a majority of parents suffered personal guilt, and numerous other psychological and/or physiological difficulties; (3) relationships with other family members were affected in various ways in the vast majority of cases; and (4) 60 percent of parents who had experienced SIDS in this particular population could not be found for participation in the study; all of these parents had, within 2 1/2 years of the death, moved from their home towns. Implications for crisis prevention and intervention are outlined.
Crisis Intervention↗
[The increasing number of extra marital deliveries a sociological phenomenon (author's transl)].
Recent statistical results show an increase in extra-marital life birth. The number of older women between 26 and 28 years of age who have extra-marital deliveries has especially increased. The number of single parent families has more than doudled in the last three decades. The number of 26--28 year-old women who married following conception and then had marital deliveries has markedly decreased. Does monogamy no longer appear to offer a measure of personal happiness to the older working women? Is the social prestige of marriage and maternity within marriage less attractive to the emancipated woman?
Adult↗
Attitudes, opinions, and sexual development of 205 homosexual women.
Two hundred and five homosexual women, aged 15 to 50, were surveyed as to their attitudes and experiences in the areas of education, religion, family experiences, marriage, friendship, personal happiness, sexual development and satisfaction, psychological adjustment, and occupational status. The investigation discovered a high rate of only-child status among lesbian women, a tendency toward ambivalence of opinion on many issues, and a general lack of insight into self and others. Comparisons with other research on female homosexuality were made.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The trial denture.
1. Many difficult situations can be avoided if the dentist keeps constantly aware of the physiologic, the psychologic, and the artistic factors involved in the construction of dentures, whether they be partial or complete. 2. No one would think of buying an automobile without getting adequate instruction in how to drive; neither should a patient expect to wear artifical restorations without training and practice. 3. The dentist at the try-in should check: a. The bases for fit and extension. b. Thin labial flange at frenum area. c. Posterior palatal seal and length of upper. d. Posterior tooth poisition for height of plane, relation of plane to alatragus line, tongue room, and ridge relation. e. Anterior tooth position for lip support, length, and relation to lower lip. f. Entire setup for vertical dimension of the face, test balance and simultaneous tooth contacts in all desired positions. If discrepancies exist between the articulator and the mouth, make new jaw relation records. g. Check palatal contour and incisor positions in speaking. "F" and "V" sounds to test the upper incisor, sibilant sounds for vertical dimension and lower-to-upper incisal relationships. h. Wax-up for support and proper external form. If tori exist on upper or lower, be sure there is sufficient thickness to allow relief later on. i. Be sure to repeat and continue instruction of the patient in his understanding and handling of the new dentures. Now, in addition to all these checks to dentist makes, he must constantly anticipate the thoughts and attitudes of the patient and interpret them for better rapport and ultimate patient understanding. No stage in complete dentures is anticipated with such mixed emotions as is the try-in. No stage is so significant to the future success or failure of the patient to take dentures in his stride. No stage has so much potential for making the person happy or sinking him into the depths of despair. The return of self-confidence, the pride in appearance, the sparkle and drive that return to a patient when the restorations are enthusiastically accepted are a wonderful reward for dentistry well done.
Color↗
[A record of a mother of handicapped child. 4. Happiness of sharing the experience with the child].
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Child↗
Judging emotions of normal and schizophrenic subjects.
Thirty-two nursing students were shown silent films in which 10 normal and 10 schizophrenic women described a happy, sad, and an angry personal experience. Accuracy in judging the content of films of normal subjects was associated with social detachment and mechanical interests, whereas accuracy in judging the emotions of the schizophrenic subjects was associated with social involvement and nursing interests. Further, the students nurses' ability to relate to patients, as judged by their nursing supervisors, was associated with their ability to accurately identify the nonverbal emotional communications of the schizophrenic patients but not of the normal persons.
Adult↗
Precision targeting of teacher burnout using network-informed ecological momentary interventions.
Teacher well-being affects classroom functioning and workforce stability, yet generic digital programs rarely use person-specific affect dynamics to select support. This cluster-randomised trial evaluated whether micro-interventions selected from high expected influence (EI) nodes in teachers' contemporaneous affect networks produced larger changes in burnout-related EI and everyday happiness than content-matched random allocation. The objectives were to estimate allocation effects on changes in estimated network summaries and happiness, evaluate network change as a statistical mediator, examine personality moderation, and benchmark simpler allocation rules. A two-arm cluster randomised platform trial was conducted in 84 public schools across four urban districts in H Province. After a 14 day baseline of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), person specific partial correlation networks were estimated for happiness, exhaustion, detachment, efficacy and rumination. An optimisation engine prioritised three brief micro-intervention types per teacher according to baseline EI, while the active control received the same library without network information. EMA continued for 8 weeks; Bayesian multilevel models, permutation-based mediation, and benchmarking analyses were applied. EI-based targeting produced larger reductions in the composite EI-change index than active control (mean difference 0.11, 95% credible interval 0.08 to 0.14) and higher week 7 EMA happiness (4.4 points on a 0 to 100 scale, 95% credible interval 2.7 to 6.0), with a positive arm by week slope difference of 0.62 points per week (95% credible interval 0.39 to 0.85). Model-based mediation estimates were consistent with approximately one half of the happiness difference being statistically associated with change in the composite EI-change index (average conditional mediation estimate 3.5 points, 95% credible interval 2.0 to 5.2). Benchmarking showed smaller gains under severity, threshold, or group-level centrality rules. Effects were stronger among teachers higher in conscientiousness. The findings indicate that integrating EMA, network modelling, and EI-driven optimisation yields measurable gains beyond content-matched exposure, providing a proof of concept for district-scale precision mental health that requires prospective implementation testing. Replication in additional regions, expanded node sets, and longer follow up are warranted to assess durability and generalisability.
Female↗
The Life Satisfaction Index-Form A as applied to older adults: technical note on scoring patterns.
The value of standardized scales for determining life satisfaction among older adults is being questioned, but use of the scales continues. The Life Satisfaction Index-Form A (LSIA) in its many variations continues to be among the most widely used scales for this purpose. In a comparison of two scoring methods (36-point vs. 18-point) for the LSIA, the lack of a significant difference indicated that a 36-point scale is not necessary. Caution in the use and interpretation of the variances between the two scoring methods is suggested.
Adult↗
Facial expressions as conditioned stimuli for electrodermal responses: a case of "preparedness"?
Converging data suggest that human facial behavior has an evolutionary basis. Combining these data with Seligman's preparedness theory, it was predicted that facial expressions of anger should be more readily associated with aversive events than should expressions of happiness. Two experiments involving differential electrodermal conditioning to pictures of faces, with electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus, were performed. In the first experiment, the subjects were exposed to two pictures of the same person, one with an angry and one with a happy expression. For half of the subjects, the shock followed the angry face, and for the other half, it followed the happy face. In the second experiment, three groups of subjects differentiated between pictures of male and female faces, both showing angry, neutral, and happy expressions. Responses to angry conditioned stimuli showed significant resistance to extinction in both experiments, with a larger effect in Experiment 2. Responses to happy or neutral conditioned stimuli, on the other hand, extinguished immediately when the shock was withheld. The results are related to conditioning to phobic stimuli and to the preparedness theory.
Adult↗
Interaction between physiological and cognitive determinants of emotions: experimental studies on Schachter's theory of emotions.
This study investigated the interaction between physiological arousal and situation-derived cognitions in the determination of feeling states that is proposed in Schachter's theory of emotions. The degree of bodily arousal was varied by disguised oral administration of a placebo or the sympathicomimetic agent ephedrine. The situational circumstances were varied by instructions offering cues for (a) no emotions ('neutral' control), or the feeling states called (b) 'anger', (c) 'happiness', and (d) anxiety'. The subjects were 72 male students. The dependent variables were blood pressure, heart rate, a list of bodily symptoms, and an adjective check list. The results within the 'anger' and 'happiness' condition were in accordance with Schachter's theory: depending on the type of situation, ephedrine-induced arousal either decreased or increased positive descriptions of mood. The emotional effects of the 'anxiety' condition, however, were independent of the drug-induced arousal level. Contrary to Schachter's theory, anxiety reactions occured also in a state of low physiological arousal and did not increase with increasing arousal.
Anger↗
Coping with pregnancy resolution among never-married women.
The Janis-Mann model of decision-making provides the theoretical orientation for empirical analyses of decisions to deliver or abort in matched samples of never-married women. Results focus on four variables: happiness about pregnancy; initial acceptance of delivery or abortion; ease of decision-making; and satisfaction with final choice. Path analyses summarize findings, which are discussed in terms of conflict resolution strategies.
Abortion, Legal↗
Personality correlates of the marital sexual compatibility of professional men.
The relationship between personality and sexual compatibility in 60 married men in their early 30s was studied as part of a longitudinal study of maturing. Sexual compatibility was assessed by the men's ratings of their own and spouses' sexual pleasure, of the similarity of their sexual values, of their mutual faithfulness, and of the consideration by the spouse of the men's sexual needs. The measure was independently validated by the judgments of the men's wives of the men's excellence as sexual partners and lovers. Extensive psychological test, questionnaire, and judge ratings from the men's wives, closest male friends, and colleagues were secured. Sexual compatibility was significantly related to 39% of the more than 400 measures of adult personality and interpersonal relationships. Sexual compatibility was moderately related to sexual pleasure and satisfaction, but not to marital coital frequency. Increasing sexual compatibility was consistently related to increasing psychological maturity, interpersonal maturity, and the mutuality of the marital relationship, to effectiveness in fulfilling various adult roles, and to marital happiness.
Female↗
Personaltiy correlates of the joy of life.
Hypothesized that greater diversity of joy and more intense levels of joy would be associated with low hopelessness, high sensation seeking the perception of the world as just, and high sensitization as compared with high repression. It also was predicted that female Ss would score higher in sources of joy and in intensity as compared to males. One hundred and thirty-four college students were administered the Joy of Life Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale, Just World Scale, and Revised Repression-Sensitization Scale. The hypothesis was supported for sensation seeking in that High Sensation Seekers assigned significantly (p less than .05) higher mean intensity ratings to experiences that produced joy of life, than did Low Sensation Seekers. Contrary to expectation, there was a nonsignificant trend for sensitizers, when compared with repressors, to select fewer joy-related experiences and to evaluate these experiences as less joyful. The experiences that most often led to high levels of joy were those referrable to positive emotional events.
Adolescent↗
The happiness syndrome: methodological and substantive issues in the study of social-psychological well-being in adulthood.
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Adolescent↗
Logical bases for action in nutrition and aging.
Logical bases (five of which are outlined) underlie action in nutrition and aging. First, nutrition, health, and aging form an integral triad affecting all. This basis has been applied to the conceptualization of the Nutrition Program for Older Americans (NPOA). Second, in North America, malnutrition is a sequitur of disease, whether physical, metabolic, emotional, or attitudinal. This basis is being applied by NPOA and other programs in an effort of cope with the pathologic conditions that bar proper nutrition. Third, since aging is a lifelong process, good nutrition and health practices must be applies throughout life. This basis will become effective only when the present image of the aged improves to the point that younger persons will strive for effective longevity. Fourth, changes in lifestyle to avoid risks have positive value. This basis requires professional and political leadership if it is to become widely adopted. Fifth, acute illnesses and accidents require immediate attention to nutritional and other factors if needless morbidity and mortality are to be avoided. This basis requires far more education of health professionals and lay persons to obviate such tragedies. All these bases are the infastructure for other actions directed at improving the image of today's aged and thereby diminishing the fatalism of younger persons and augumenting their determination to adopt lifestyles compatible with long, active, happy and productive lives.
Aged↗
Facial reanimation in Möbius syndrome.
The psychosocial deformity associated with total lack of facial animation (as seen in Möbius syndrome) is an extremely crippling situation. This inability to show happiness, sadness, or anger by facial expression frequently results in severe introversion and a reclusive personality. Restoration of even a minimal degree of controlled facial movement is beneficial. Recent experience in the treatment of two patients with this syndrome using both dynamic and static procedures has been most rewarding. Operating simultaneously on both sides of the face poses some problems that are different from those in teh patient with unilateral paralysis. The operative details are described, with preoperative and postoperative evaluation.
Adolescent↗