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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Transition between columnar absorptive cells and goblet cells in the rat jejunal epithelium.

Electron microscopic observation of the jejunal epithelium of rats demonstrated morphological evidence of a transition between columnar absorptive cells and growing goblet cells. The columnar cells in both the villi and crypts have features suggestive of absorptive functions. They are provided with apical invaginations continuous to the intermicrovillous space. Absorbed lipid is observed in small vesicles in the terminal web layer, and chylomicrons derived here from are contained in large vacuoles near the Golgi apparatus. Ferritin particles artificially infused into the gut lumen were absorbed into the vacuoles in the subapical zone of columnar cells of suckling rats. Growing goblet cells situated in the crypt epithelium contain surface invaginations and lysosomes which are the same in structure as those found in absorptive cells nearby. Fat droplets evidently absorbed by the growing goblet cell were observed among immature mucus droplets. Artificially infused ferritin particles were found in vacuoles and lysosomes near the Golgi apparatus of some goblet cells of suckling rats. Some goblet cells on the intestinal villi of suckling rats looked immature and their microvilli and cytoplasmic matrix were clear like those of columnar absorptive cells. The transition between these goblet cells with clear cytoplasm and the mature goblet cells with dark cytoplasm was observed. These morphological evidences indicate that some of columnar cells already differentiated to absorptive cells are capable of transforming into mucus-producing (goblet) cells. It is suggested that not only undifferentiated columnar cells in the crypt base but also considerably differentiated columnar cells with absorptive function can differentiate into goblet cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Functional biology of intestinal goblet cells.

Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. To elucidate the role of goblet cells in the biology of the intestinal tract, an overview of the physiological implications of the mucus gel is presented, including a concise review of the products secreted by the cell. Because of the unique nature of this highly polarized exocrine cell, the maturational reorganization of the cytoarchitecture and the cellular mechanisms by which goblet cells secrete their products are discussed. This includes elucidation of the baseline secretory pathway, which is dependent on the cytoskeleton for granule movement, and the accelerated secretory pathway, which is independent of the cytoskeleton but requires an extracellular signal to occur. Finally, the involvement of goblet cell mucins in the pathophysiology of intestinal neoplasia and ulcerative colitis are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunity to intestinal parasites: role of mast cells and goblet cells.

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection of rats and mice is a model for studying immunity at mucosal surfaces. Adult worms are spontaneously expelled from the intestine at the end of the second week of infection. Expulsion from the jejunum requires the presence of immune T lymphocytes and IgG antibodies. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are a prominent part of the jejunal inflammatory response. They are derived from a hematopoietic stem cell, possibly the same precursor as basophils. Their differentiation is not absolutely T dependent but their accumulation at the site of infection is. The possible involvement of IgE antibodies and intestinal MMCs through a "leak lesion" is still uncertain. Increased mucus secretion from epithelial goblet cells is also a prominent feature of the inflammatory reaction at the site of infection. Goblet cell numbers increase two to four times at the onset of worm expulsion; this increase is regulated by T lymphocytes and possibly immune serum. The mechanism of mucus secretion in these infections is not clear; it may be a response to mast cell mediators. Together with antiworm antibodies, intestinal mucus may trap worms and prevent them from surviving in the intervillous spaces of the jejunum. Thus, expulsion of this intestinal parasite may occur through a nonspecific process that is induced by specific immune mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gut mucosal mast cells and goblet cells during acute graft-versus-host disease in rats.

Intestinal inflammation occurs in both nematode infections and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In nematode infections, this involves the proliferation of mucosal mast cells (MMC) and goblet cells (GC). To examine MMC and GC responses in GVHD, female Lewis rats were given allogeneic bone marrow (BM). Each animal received 1,020 rads and, one day later, 6 X 10(7) ACI BM cells plus 2 X 10(7) ACI spleen cells i.v. Control rats received 6 X 10(7) BM cells. On days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 post-transplant, rats were sacrificed and their intestines removed and prepared for histological examination of MMC and GC. Cells in 10 villus-crypt units (VCU) of the gut were counted for each animal. Skin and tongue were also removed and examined to determine the degree of GVHD. GVHD was first evident on day 8 in allogeneic BM recipients and progressed thereafter. No evidence of GVHD was seen in syngeneic BM recipients. Rats receiving allogeneic BM showed a 10-fold increase from day 12 to day 20 (p less than 0.01). Rats receiving syngeneic BM showed no significant change in MMC through the 20th day. In animals with GVHD, GC decreased by day 12 and remained lower than control animals during the subsequent 8 days. It was concluded that, similar to nematode infection, MMC proliferation is a feature of GVHD. In contrast, GC do not appear to proliferate in an acute GVHD.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased proportion of goblet cells recovered by bronchial lavage.

To evaluate the possibility that bronchoalveolar lavage could provide sufficient respiratory epithelial cells to quantify changes in epithelial cell types associated with chronic inflammation, we examined the epithelial cells obtained in the first infused (20 ml) aliquots that were processed separately from later aliquots, a process known to enrich for bronchial contents. Epithelial cells, including ciliated cells, goblet cells, and fragments of desquamated epithelium, were easily identified after preparation by cytocentrifugation and staining with a modified Giemsa stain. Quantification of the columnar cell types revealed that those with chronic bronchitis and asymptomatic smokers have increased goblet cells as a percentage of the total columnar epithelial cells (chronic bronchitics 36 +/- 2 percent, asymptomatic smokers 22 +/- 2 percent) compared with normal subjects (9 +/- 1 percent, p less than 0.001, ANOVA). Significantly, the goblet cell percentage was strongly correlated with other measures of bronchitis and measures of airflow obstruction such as the bronchitis index, a visually derived score at bronchoscopy of airway inflammation (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001), the percent neutrophils in the first infused aliquots (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05), and the FEV1 percent (r = -0.74, p less than 0.001). Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage is capable of providing sufficient bronchial epithelial cells for analysis, and the changes seen in the spectrum of columnar epithelial cells may reflect important underlying pathologic changes.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1987

Density and distribution of canine conjunctival goblet cells.

Conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) were quantitated to establish baseline values for density and distribution of these cells in healthy canine eyes. From each of 18 sites, tissue was collected, sectioned at 2 micron, and stained with periodic acid Schiff stain. Within each sampling site, 500 epithelial cells (GCs, squamous, polygonal, and basal epithelial cells) were counted and the ratio of GCs to total epithelial cells was computed as an index of goblet cell density or goblet cell index (GCI). A heterogenous distribution of canine conjunctival goblets cells was demonstrated. Lower nasal fornix (LNf) and adjacent sites, lower middle fornix (LMf) and lower nasal tarsal (LNt), had the highest mean densities of goblet cells. In contrast, GCs were essentially absent from the upper and lower bulbar areas. Remaining sites had intermediate GCIs. Sex differences in GCIs were noted for LNf and LNt sites. Mean tear film breakup times (BUTs) were determined, and, for normal beagle dogs, were 19.38 (+/- 4.80 secs) OS and 19.96 (+/- 5.01 secs) OD. The similarities between canine and human conjunctival goblet cell distributions support the use of the dog for studying the conjunctival mucous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Histochemistry of mucosubstances in Brunner's-gland cells and duodenal goblet cells of two New World monkey species (Saimiri sciureus and Saguinus fuscicollis).

Duodenal goblet cells and Brunner's-gland cells obtained from two species of New World monkeys (Saimiri sciureus and Saguinus fuscicollis) were studied using conventional histochemical methods and by applying a panel of 17 labelled lectins. The secretions of both goblet and Brunner's-gland cells were found to contain neutral mucosubstances, while those of goblet cells also exhibit acid and sulphated carbohydrate components. Lectin binding studies allowed a more detailed analysis of the mucus glycoproteins. Marked differences between the two examined species were not detected. N-Acetyl-galactosamine, galactose, fucose and N-Acetyl-glucosamine were found to be the predominant sugar residues in Brunner's-glands glycoproteins, with mannose and glucose being only minor components.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ciliated and goblet cells in craniopharyngioma. Light and electron microscopic studies at surgery and autopsy.

A case of a suprasellar epithelial cyst in a 48-year-old man is reported. The cyst was lined with two different types of stratified epithelium: one was two to three or more layers of squamous cells with overlying ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells at the surface and the other was tyical stratified squamous epithelial cells. The tumor was neither a pure Rathke's cleft cyst nor a typical craniopharyngioma but was considered essentially to be a craniopharyngioma with ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. Thus it might be considered a mixed form of these two tumors. This case indicates the close relationship between craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cleft cysts.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1976

Human intestinal goblet cell mucin.

Goblet cell mucin (GCM) has been purified for the first time from mucosal scrapings of human small intestine. Proteolytic enzymes and organic solvents were avoided during the isolation procedure. The mucin was purified by Sepharose 4B and 2B column chromatography of high-speed supernatant fractions. The most purified fraction was compared with rat intestinal GCM. The two were similar with respect to chemical composition, antigenic features, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The major chemical differences included a higher hexosamine-fucose and hexosamine-sialic acid ratio in human mucin. The two mucins showed strong concentration dependence in sedimentation velocity studies. Human mucin at a concentration of 0.2 to 1.5 mg protein per millilitre gave multiple associated peaks with variable So values (10.8-36.6). Rat mucin, in contrast, gave a constant (although polydisperse) pattern with So = 15.15. To explore these differences both mucins were stained with periodic acid - Schiff reagent and subjected to band ultracentrifugation at concentrations of 0.6-1.9 mug protein per millilitre. At this low concentration, rat mucin did not change in its sedimentation characteristics. In contrast, human GCM produced a single peak with So = 37.9. Thus dilution abolished polydispersity in the human but not the rat mucin, suggesting that intermolecular bonding forces in the human mucin are weaker.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Structure and permeability of goblet cell tight junctions in rat small intestine.

Two major cell types, goblet and absorptive cells, dominate the epithelial lining of small intestinal villi. We used freeze-fracture replicas of rat ileal mucosa to examine the possibility that tight junction structure, known to relate to transepithelial resistance, might vary with cell type. Tight junctions between absorptive cells were uniform in structure while those associated with villus goblet cells displayed structural variability. In 23% of villus goblet cell tight junctions the strand count was less than 4 and in 30% the depth was less than 200 nm. In contrast, only 4% of absorptive cell tight junctions had less than 4 strands and only 9% had depth measurements less than 200 nm. Other structural features commonly associated with villus goblet cell tight junctions but less commonly with absorptive cell tight junctions were: deficient strand cross-linking, free-ending abluminal strands, and highly fragmented strands. Both in vivo ileal segments and everted loops were exposed to ionic lanthanum. Dense lanthanum precipitates in tight junctions and paracellular spaces were restricted to a subpopulation of villus goblet cells and were not found between villus absorptive cells. After exposure of prefixed ileal loops to lanthanum for 1 hour, faint precipitates of lanthanum were found in 14% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces between absorptive cells compared to 42% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces adjacent to villus goblet cells. When tested in Ussing chambers, the methods used for lanthanum exposure did not lower transepithelial resistance. Everted loops exposed to ionic barium and examined by light microscopy showed dense barium precipitates in the junctional zone and region of the paracellular space of villus goblet cells but not in these regions between absorptive cells. However, the macromolecular tracers, microperoxidase, cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase, were excluded from both villus goblet cell and absorptive cell paracellular spaces in in vivo segments. These findings suggest that a subpopulation of villus goblet cells may serve as focal sites of high ionic permeability and contribute to the relatively low resistance to ionic flow which characterizes the small intestinal epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immune regulation of goblet cell development.

In rats, goblet cells were found in the bronchiole epithelium surrounding enlarged lymphoid noduli. The goblet cell number increased with age. Old rats had goblet cells in the columnar epithelium. Immunization with aerosolized antigen increased goblet cell hyperplasia in bronchioli with a luminal diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm. In mice, goblet cell differentiation in the respiratory epithelium was caused by local delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Manipulations of the delayed hypersensitivity reactions with immune suppression and depletion of helper T cells eliminated the increase in goblet cell number.

Animals↗