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PubMed2026

A metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota in a mouse model of fish allergy.

BACKGROUND: Fish are among the most frequent causes of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies (Type I). Currently, there is no known cure for fish allergy and individuals who are sensitized have to practice strict, lifelong avoidance of fish products in their diets. The relationship between gut microbiome and food allergies is currently a major topic of discussion; these pathologies involve the development of dysbiosis, which is a microbial imbalance resulting from immune-related mechanisms. Recent studies have provided evidence that individuals suffering from food allergies, display an intestinal microbiota with a different microbial composition compared to healthy subjects. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: In this work, we have described for the first time the differences in microbiome composition in a mouse model of fish allergy with previous sensitization to the main allergen, beta-Parvalbumin (β-PRVB), compared to mouse individuals without allergic response. RESULTS: The metagenomic analysis has shown differences in taxonomic composition between the treatments. Regarding phyla, an increase in the relative abundance of Patescibacteria, specifically Saccharimonas genus and Candidatus_Saccharimonas group, were observed in the allergic animals (Prvb_Alum group) when compared to the other groups. In contrast, the relative abundance of the RF39 group (Bacilli), Atopobiaceae family, Erysipelotrichaceae, and the Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 group, was higher in the animals that did not develop an allergic response, despite being exposed to the allergen (Prvb group). Furthermore, an increase in the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae ASF356 group was observed in the control group compared to the other treatments. This family, has been reported to be inversely associated with the progression of intestinal inflammation and anaphylactic diseases. For the first time, the gut microbiota composition of individual mice with and without fish allergies is described in detail in this work. This study may shed light on the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the onset and avoidance of food allergies.

beta-parvalbumin↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and immunological aspects of food allergy in childhood. I. Estimation of IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies to food antigens in children with food allergy and atopic dermatitis.

Sixtynine children with case histories of food intolerance and 30 food tolerant children with atopic dermatitis have been investigated regarding serum IgE levels and IgE-, IgG, and IgA-antibodies to some common foods. Children with food intolerance had significantly higher IgE levels and to a larger extent specific IgE antibodies to the tested allergens. IgE antibodies to cow's milk were found in 71% of the children with histories of cow's milk allergy but occurred also in similar titers in 27% of milk tolerant children with other food allergies. IgE antibodies to egg-white occurred in 88% of egg allergies, but low and moderate titers were also found in 17% of children without food intolerance. However, all children with high titers had symptoms of egg allergy. IgE antibodies to the fish allergen were only found in fish allergic children while IgE antibodies to the fish allergen were only found in fish allergic children while IgE antibodies to soy-bean and green peas were found less consistently. The level of serum IgA antibodies to milk was similar in both groups. The IgG antibody titers to all tested food antigens seemed to parallel the IgE antibody titer to the same food. It was not possible to correlate the IgG antibody titers to symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Insulin antibodies in the pathogenesis of insulin allergy and resistance.

Insulin allergy developed in a patient treated with beef/pork insulin. Desensitization therapy led to cessation of the allergy, but it was associated with the development of diabetic ketoacidosis with apparent insulin resistance which was successfully treated with fish insulin. The patient's initial serum contained a high titer of anti-insulin immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody directed primarily against beef insulin. Desensitization therapy with pork insulin was associated with the production of anti-insulin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody with highest immunologic reactivity to pork insulin. This IgG antibody may have blocked the interaction of insulin with tissue-fixed IgE antibody but, in addition, led to significant increases in total serum insulin-binding capacity and transient insulin resistance. The favorable clinical response to fish insulin was likely due to the negligible immunologic reactivity of this patient's anti-insulin antibodies with fish insulin. This report suggests that desensitization therapy for insulin allergy can lead to insulin resistance of the immune type.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Skin sensitivity tests in Nigerians with bronchial asthma.

Skin sensitivity tests using the prick method were performed on 174 patients with bronchial asthma and 160 controls, using 20 common allergens. The results revealed a high incidence of positive skin test reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, grass and flower pollens, feathers, and some ingesta such as cow's milk and fish. The difference in the reactions between the asthmatic patients and the controls was statistically significant. The results suggest that house-dust mite allergy is the most significant factor in the aetiology of bronchial asthma in Nigerians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Food allergy in atopic dermatitis: experimental observations.

Results of an investigation of 134 subjects with atopic dermatitis and 29 controls are described. The investigation involved: 1) an allergological enquiry into each patient's medical history, with particular reference to consumption of eggs, milk and fish; 2) a total IgE assay; 3) RAST with egg, milk, cod; 4) a challenge test. Recording of medical histories revealed the existence of clinical sensitivity to egg, milk and cod in respectively 21, 17 and 7 of the 134 subjects with atopic dermatitis, but in none of the controls. In the atopic subjects, RAST demonstrated egg, milk and cod antibodies in 37, 28 and 14 cases respectively, while of the controls only 2 had antibodies--and then in minimal amounts. The maximum incidence of egg and milk antibodies was demonstrated in the initial 3 years of life. Clinical sensitization to cod manifests itself in the form of attacks (urticaria, angi-oedema, vomiting) showing significant correlation between clinical history, results of RAST and the response to challenge, while in the case of sensitivity to eggs and, even less evidently, to milk, the symptoms are more often referred to as "exacerbation of the dermatosis" and the results of RAST, of challenging and the clinical history tend to be contradictory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Occupational protein contact dermatitis in food handlers.

The preparation of food in restaurant kitchens carries a high risk of occupational dermatoses. Analysis of 33 cases revealed four different etiological types. Simple irritant dermatitis was rare (2 cases), plain contact dermatitis was more common (6 cases). Fifteen patients had relevant patch tests and scratch tests; ten had positive scratch tests only to explain the cause of their dermatitis. The last type was termed protein contact dermatitis. The major type IV allergens incriminated were metals, onion and garlic. The major proteinaceous allergens indicated by history and test results were fish and shell-fish. Open patch tests with the incriminated foods may cause erythema or oedema on normal skin after 20 minutes. Previously eczematous, now normal looking, skin often responds with a crop of dyshidrotic vesicles preceded by erythema and itching 30 minutes after the application of an open test. Examination for specific IgE is not always positive in such cases. Inhalant allergy was rare. The results indicate that food handlers are sensitized by the protein they touch, and then react to later contact with the proteins. Protein contact dermatitis is similarly common among veterinary surgeons, while the importance in other occupational groups remains to be studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Immune responses to environmental antigens absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.

Foods, food additives, beverages, drugs, and intestinal microorganisms are potentially important sources of environmental antigens. While proteins taken orally ordinarily are absorbed to only a limited extent, under appropriate circumstances enough absorption occurs to produce an immune response. Acute allergic reactions to foods are not uncommon and as a rule are mediated by IgE antibodies. The possibility that small quantities of food antigens absorbed over a period of years without acute symptoms of allergy might produce a cumulative systemic or local immunological toxicity remains to be convincingly demonstrated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate on symptoms of food allergy.

A comparison was made between the effects of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and placebo on symptoms of food allergy in twenty children. Both the clinician's and patient's preferences and the clinician's evaluation of the specific response to challenge showed a significant benefit from SCG. A striking effect on skin symptoms was seen in some children and the recorded mean score for skin symptoms was lower after 2 weeks' treatment with sodium cromoglycate. However, the differences detected from the mean symptom scores were not statistically significant. Neither were there any significant changes in the IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM food allergen antibody levels related to the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

In vivo and in vitro correlates of food allergy.

Sera of 86 patients clinically sensitive to foods were tested by passive sensitization of human and/or monkey lung (127 tests) and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (72 tests), using whole-food antigens; the results were compared with skin (prick) testing. Results of the prick test correlated with history in 76% of cases; lung sensitization correlated with history in 37% and with prick test in 57%; and RAST correlated with history in 54% and prick test in 72%. It is concluded that a very large percentage of adverse reactions to foods are IgE-mediated. The prick test is of use in diagnosis, particularly when combined with RAST; the lung sensitization test is technically impractical and not a reliable indicator. The best diagnostic method is careful history with food challenge and withdrawal and rechallenge; the latter is safe except in patients with a history of violent reaction.

Adolescent↗