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Results for “fetal anomaly”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[The incidences of spontaneous fetal anomalies in Japanese white rabbits (author's transl)].

The incidences of spontaneous fetal anomalies in coccidium-free Japanese white rabbits bred and kept in our laboratories are reported. Live fetuses were removed from 87 (95.6%) out of 91 maternal animals examined, totaling 538 (295 males and 243 females). of them, 9 fetuses (1.7%) showed external and visceral abnormalities such as hydrocephalia (5 cases), short tail (2), anophthalmia (1) and talipomanus flexa (1). Skeletal abnormalities were found in 7 (1.7%) of 424 fetues examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system produced by narcotic analgesics in the hamster.

Maternal dose--fetal teratogenic response data were obtained for a variety of narcotic and related compounds by single subcutaneous injections of the drugs into pregnant hamsters during the critical periods of central nervous system organogenesis. The number of abnormal fetuses from females injected with diacetylmorphine (heroin), thebaine, phenazocine, pentazocine, propoxyphene, and methadone increased as the maternal dose of the compounds was increased. By contrast, morphine, hydromorphone, and meperidine produced an increase in the number (per cent) of fetal anomalies only up to a certain maternal dose level. Further increases in maternal dose levels did not produce additional fetal anomalies. Comparative studies of single and multiple maternal doses indicated that diacetylmorphine (heroin) and methadone produced a four- to sixfold increase in fetal anomalies with repetitive doses whereas the percentage of malformed fetuses remained the same with hydromorphone (Dilaudid). The narcotic antagonists nalorphine, naloxone, levallophan, and cyclazocine blocked the teratogenic effects of both single and multiple doses of the narcotics.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2026

Obtaining a Diagnostic Yield via Scan findings prior to the introduction of SEquencing retrospectivelY (ODYSSEY): a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the retrospective yield of prenatal exome sequencing (PES) by establishing the proportion of children with a postnatal monogenic diagnosis that could have been diagnosed prenatally if PES had been available. METHODS: The study cohort comprised a sample of children in Northern Ireland, born between January 2010 and January 2018 (predating routine availability of PES), who received a monogenic diagnosis postnatally via next generation sequencing as part of either of two UK-wide studies (the 100 000 Genomes Project (2015-2018) or the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study (2011-2015)). Clinical data were collected retrospectively and correlated with the current UK National Health Service PES protocol, including the phenotypic eligibility criteria for PES and the associated fetal anomalies gene panel. Cases were considered retrospective diagnoses if the fetal phenotype would have been eligible for PES and the diagnostic gene was included on the test panel, meaning prenatal diagnosis in this current era could have been feasible. RESULTS: Of 101 children, 17.8% (95% CI, 10.3-25.3%) had both an eligible fetal structural anomaly (FSA) (i.e. high-risk FSA) and a diagnostic gene on the associated test panel, meaning that they could have been diagnosed prenatally in the current clinical landscape. The median length of the diagnostic odyssey for this subgroup of children was 3.7 years (1354 (range, 822-2450) days). Moreover, 58.4% (n = 59) of cases had no anomalies detected prenatally and 19.8% (n = 20) had a FSA that would not meet the eligibility criteria for PES (low-risk FSA). Although these cases would have been ineligible for PES under the current clinical pathway, 89.9% (n = 71/79) were affected by severe or profound syndromes. Postnatally, the most common functional anomalies were neurodevelopmental delay/intellectual disability and/or behavioral abnormality, which were observed in 80.2% (n = 81) of the included children. However, 80.2% (n = 65/81) of these affected children did not present with fetal anomalies eligible for PES. CONCLUSIONS: Almost one-fifth of children with a monogenic condition included in this study could have received a diagnosis via modern PES, avoiding a diagnostic odyssey lasting almost 4 years. However, despite having a monogenic condition, over half of the children did not present with any structural anomalies in utero. This demonstrates the degree to which fetal imaging is limited in its ability to reassure parents of the absence of a fetal genetic syndrome. © 2026 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Estimating the impact of parvovirus B19 outbreaks on congenital anomalies and fetal outcomes in Wales.

OBJECTIVES: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common infection that can cause complications in pregnancy. Outbreaks of B19V in Europe and the UK were recorded in 2024. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of maternal parvovirus in Wales and to investigate associated fetal outcomes widely and in 2024 specifically. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. METHODS: All cases of maternal B19V reported to the Congenital Anomaly Register Information Service (CARIS) were analysed. Maternal risk factors included gestational age at the time of infection and maternal age. Spatio-temporal analysis was performed to look for clusters. Poisson regression was used to model incidence of maternal B19V over time. Fetal outcomes were tested for association with risk factors using linear regression and Fisher's exact test. Outcomes and congenital anomalies were descriptively analysed. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2025, there were 79 cases of maternal B19V across 81 fetuses, mostly reported in South Wales (74/81, 91.3%). There were 24 (29.6%) cases of at least one confirmed congenital anomaly and 57 (70.3%) cases reporting no anomalies; 53 (93%) of these cases had a positive outcome. Congenital anomalies were associated with worse fetal outcomes. Excluding terminations, the overall fetal survival rate was 88%. No association between maternal risk factors and fetal outcome was identified. There was an increase in cases in 2024 with an increase in fetal losses. CONCLUSIONS: The 2024 European B19V outbreak led to an increase in maternal cases and negative fetal outcomes in Wales.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Recognizing the fetus at risk.

Impairment of either fetal growth potential or placental growth support may cause fetal growth retardation. Impaired growth potential is associated with a number of congenital abnormalities. Awareness of the increased possibility of fetal anomaly comes from the obstetric patient's reproductive history or family history more than from anything else. In general, if the likelihood of fetal anomaly seems increased, investigation in the form of amniocentesis, ultrasonic monitoring of fetal growth, radiologic study, or all three may be required. More common than poor growth potential is poor placental growth support. Here, historical evidence of maternal hypertension or toxemic disorders, among other abnormal clinical findings, is an indication for fetal monitoring.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Hydramnion and fetal renal anomalies.

Four instances of hydramnion associated with renal anomalies are reported: two patients had obstructive uropathies and two had a neoplastic type of renal dysplasia. In two infants water concentration tests revealed a defect in water-concentrating ability. It is postulated that the observed hydramnion resulted from fetal polyuria. In patients with unexplained hydramnion a search for renal anomalies is indicated.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

[A course of pregnancy with herpes gestationis (author's transl)].

A 24-years old III.-para and III.-gravida was hospitalized in the 36th week of gravidity, with premature labour and distinct symptoms of herpes gestationis. It is reported in literature that the clinical picture of herpes gestationis is combined with a high rate of abortion and fetal anomalies. Therefore an intensive prenatal super vision was carried through with daily cardiotocographic controls and checkings of total estrogens in 24-hours-urine, also measurements of Alpha-Fetoproteins, human placenta lactogen and serumoxytocinase. After inducting labour because of maternal indication the patient gave birth to a healthy female infant (3720 g, 50 cm) with Apgar 10 in the 39th week of gravidity. The investigation of the placenta and all biochemical parameters did not point to an interference of gravidity. The present literature is discussed. Some authors doubt that herpes gestationis is met with a high rate of abortion, stillbirth and fetal anomalies as is assumed till now.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Renal anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome.

Six patients with fetal alcohol syndrome were found to have developmental abnormalities of the kidney. In only one patient was investigation for renal pathology made in the absence of clinical indication. Two had palpable masses in the left upper quadrant, one had pyelonephritis, one had painless hematuria, and the fifth patient had symptomatology suggestive of renal failure. Although the renal pathology was not of the same type in all cases, it is of interest that four patients had either unilateral or bilateral renal hypoplasia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Alpha-fetoprotein content of amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancies.

Elevation above the normal range of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration in amniotic fluid occurs in the presence of certain fetal anomalies. The value of a new method for radioimmunoassay of APF in amniotic fluid was tested by an analysis of 486 samples taken by amniocentesis at various stages of pregnancy. The normal range of concentrations during pregnancy was established by 348 samples from healthy women with normal pregnancies. This was compared with the levels found in the presence of various fetal malformations--Rh-isoimmunization, maternal diabetes, chromosomal anomalies, and fetal death in utero. The findings and their implications are discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Congenital anomalies and inhalation anesthetics.

Nitrous oxide and halothane, alone and in combination, have been repeatedly shown to cause fetal anomalies and increased fetal death rates in experimental animals. Epidemiologic studies dealing with pregnant operating room personnel who were chronically exposed to trace amounts of nitrous oxide and halothane have indicated an increased number of miscarriages amoung these women compared with women employed outside the operating room. Dental personnel are exposed to even higher concentrations of nitrous oxide in the dental operatory than those levels foun in the operating room. More numerous and more encompassing studies are required. Meanwhile, the dentist has a primary responsibility to give careful consideration to the use of inhalation anesthetics when planning or administering treatment to a pregnant patient, especially one in the first trimester. In addition, the profession must recognize the potential hazard to both pregnant dentists and pregnant dental assistants in this early stage of pregnancy. Of course, the dentist should always consider the developing fetus before using or prescribing any pharmacologic agents.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies.

With high-resolution ultrasound equipment, it is now possible to diagnose certain fetal anomalies in the third trimester and in some cases before the twentieth week of gestation. During a 27 month period 2,548 ultrasound scans were performed in high-risk patients. An anomaly was diagnosed in 10 of 122 second-trimester patients who were at risk for recurrent fetal defects. Fetal deformity was also found in 26 third-trimester patients. Of the 2.8% of patients found to have polyhydramnios 18% were associated with various types of anomaly. With ultrasound it was possible to examine internal fetal anatomy and to identify abnormalities of the fetal cranium, spine, chest, abdomen, and limbs. These anomalies are reviewed here in detail. Based on ultrasonically derived information, second-trimester patients can be offered information concerning the status of their fetuses at risk genetically and physicians can better manage third-trimester patients with diagnosed fetal deformities.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic radiology of fetal abnormalities.

Fetal abnormalities involving the skeletal system, central nervous system or soft tissue may be diagnosed by radiologic methods, as may fetal death. Occasionally standard X-ray is used, but often invasive techniques are required, and should be limited to those patients with valid indications. X-rays of specific fetal anomalies are presented.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1976

Viral infections that affect the fetus.

Several viral infections besides rubella are known to cause fetal anomalies and disease. Cytomegalovirus, for example, may adversely affect the fetus in a number of ways. Either herpesvirus or hepatitis B virus is transmissible from mother to offspring. Viruses whose potential for fetal harm is less clear are those of varicella, mumps, and influenza.

Congenital Abnormalities↗