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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Description of a medium for isolating Anaerobiospirillum spp., a possible cause of zoonotic disease, from diarrheal feces and blood of humans and use of the medium in a survey of human, canine, and feline feces.

Anaerobiospirillum spp., motile, spiral anaerobic bacteria, have been implicated as a cause of diarrhea and bacteremia in humans. Anaerobiospirillumlike organisms and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens were reported from 17 cases of diarrhea. Sixteen of the patients did not have any underlying disorders and recovered from the infection; the other one, who had a heart defect, did not. The formulation of a selective medium for Anaerobiospirillum spp. has enabled a survey of human, cat, and dog feces as possible sources for these anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobiospirillum spp. were not isolated from 527 "normal" human feces but were found in both cat and dog feces. We also describe biochemical tests and API ZYM results of A. succiniciproducens and anaerobiospirillumlike organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Alkaline phosphatases in human feces, intestinal mucosa and bile, and the occurrence of 5'-nucleotidase in feces (author's transl)].

Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in extracts of human feces resembles alkaline phosphatase in extracts of duodenal mucosa, except for its electrophoretic mobility in starch gel. It is very probable that the normal feces alkaline phosphatase derives from intestinal mucosa. Gall bladder alkaline phosphatase, which is markedly different, has not been found in normal feces. Some patients with acute viral hepatitis or protozoasis excrete an alkaline phosphatase which resembles gall bladder alkaline phosphatase and has the characteristics of 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5). The appearance of this enzyme correlates with low total alkaline phosphatase activity of the excreta.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Botanical composition of food of domestic ruminants feeding from Senegalese farming fields using a histologic analysis of the feces: effect of the technique of preservation and centrifugation of feces].

During a microhistological study of feces from domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats), centrifugation was used to increase from 11 (classic method) to 93% the rate of dicotyledon epidermis in the total particles of the suspension. Regardless of the conservation method used (drying or addition of salt, formol or ethanol), a better analysis of the dicotyledon part of the diet was obtained.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

The excretion of IgE with feces from healthy individuals and from others with allergy and diseases affecting the intestinal tract.

In this study we looked for the occurrence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in feces from healthy individuals and determined the total daily excretion and day-to-day variation in IgE in feces from patients with allergy, as well as the correlation between concentrations of IgE in small samples of feces and the total amounts of IgE in feces collected over a longer period. Concentrations of IgE in extracts of small samples of dry feces correlated well with the total daily amounts of IgE in feces collected over a 3-day period. Thus, single small samples of feces can be used to measure the excretion of IgE with feces at that time. In 3 children, studied over a 5-week period, the IgE excretion varied somewhat from one day to another, but was largely within a certain range of concentrations. Addition of trypsin inhibitor to fresh feces had no influence on the IgE concentrations of the resulting fecal extracts. Less than 10% of 88 presumably healthy infants, children, and adults had detectable IgE in their feces, while 21 of 40 children with various kinds of allergy had measurable fecal IgE. Only 3 of 13 individuals who were suffering from infectious acute gastroenteritis had IgE-positive fecal extracts. This was also the case for 6 of 25 adult patients in clinical remission of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Seven of 14 adult patients with chronic pancreatitis had measurable IgE in feces, and the concentrations were up to ten times the upper limit of IgE found in healthy individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Spectrophotometric method of quantifying adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces.

Cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché), feces are an essential part of larval nutrition under natural conditions. The mass values of adult flea feces can be measured by dissolving samples of flea feces in Drabkin's reagent, filtering, centrifuging, and measuring absorbance spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. Either flea feces or air-dried host blood can be used to generate the standard curve used to convert absorbance (optical density) values into mass values. Debris collected from flea-infested house cats averaged 23.02 mg debris per cat per h with an average of 10.41 mg flea feces per cat per h. Flea feces deposited in the environment serve as potential larval food. Adult flea feces comprised an average of 44.28% of the debris deposited from infested domestic house cats in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Analyses of constituents of feces and the effect of a vitamin B12 fortified diet on coprophagy in the mouse].

In order to investigate coprophagy from the viewpoint of nutrition, fecal constituents were analyzed in freeze-dried samples. Feces were collected from 7:00 to 11:00 and from 19:00 to 23:00. Inorganic elements and crude fibers per unit weight were 3-4 times more concentrated in feces than in basal diet, whereas, crude proteins, crude fats and nitrogen-free extract showed various degrees of reduction. There were no differences in these tendencies with sampling time. As for some B vitamins, feces collected from 7:00 to 11:00 contained 22-92% more vitamins than feces collected from 19:00 to 23:00. In comparison with the dietary concentration, vitamin B12 was increased by 124-197 times (520-730 micrograms/100 g) in feces collected between 7:00 and 11:00. Folic acid in feces collected between 7:00 and 11:00 was 10 times greater than that in the diet. On the basis of the findings on vitamins, the effect of a vitamin B12 fortified diet (1,350 micrograms/100 g) on coprophagy was examined. Mean frequency of coprophagy per animal per day was 9.6 when animals were fed on the basal diet, whereas the frequency was immediately and significantly (p less than 0.05 approximately p less than 0.01) reduced to 4.7 after the diet had been replaced by the fortified one. However, coprophagy was not completely inhibited by vitamin B12 fortification. This indicates that some nutrient(s) in feces other than vitamin B12 might be of use to the host, and that otherwise, coprophagy might be a basically habitual form of behavior. Furthermore, under the fortified diet, the frequency of coprophagy increased gradually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of S6472 and cefaclor on bacterial flora in adult human feces].

S6472 is a mixture of cefaclor (CCL) granules with gastric-soluble coating and those with enteric-soluble coating at the ratio (in potency) of 4 to 6. With administration of this formulation, a prolonged blood level of CCL is obtained. S6472 and CCL were administered orally to 19 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 27 years of age (mean: 23 years) weighing between 51 and 80 kg (mean: 64.7 kg). Four subjects were given 2 capsules and 5 subjects were given 4 capsules each containing 187.5 mg of S6472, 30 minutes after breakfast and supper for 5 days. Five subjects were given 1 capsule and 5 subjects were given 2 capsules each containing 250 mg of CCL 30 minutes after breakfast, lunch and supper for 5 days. The number of fecal bacteria was examined 5 days before the start of administration, the day of the start of administration, 3 and 5 days after the start of administration, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration. Concentration of CCL in feces and susceptibility of isolated fecal bacteria (at the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml) to CCL were examined. Adverse reactions and the effects on laboratory test values were also checked. In 4 subjects receiving 375 mg of S6472 twice a day, the mean population of E. coli was 10(7)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. There was no effect on the population of Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. Enterobacter sp. and other Enterobacteriaceae. The mean population of all Enterobacteriaceae was 10(8)-10(9) cells/g feces on all days of observation. The population of other Gram-negative bacilli did not show a consistent change, either. There was no effect on the population of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus, sp., Micrococcus sp., and of Candida sp. Among anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides sp. showed the mean population of 10(10) cells/g feces on all days of examination. C. difficile was isolated from 2 subjects out of 4 at the level of 10(2)-10(3) cells/g feces 5 days after the start of administration and 3 days after the end of administration. However, there was no production of toxin in either of the 2 subjects. In another subject, C. difficile was isolated at 10(2)-10(4) cells/g feces with a toxin titre of 10(-3)-10(-4) 3 and 5 days after the start of administration and 10 days after the end of administration. The total population of anaerobic bacteria was 10(10)-10(11) cells/g feces on all days of examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Glycosphingolipid patterns of the gastrointestinal tract and feces of germ-free and conventional rats.

Acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids of stomach, small and large intestine, and stimulated feces of germ-free and conventional rats of the same stain have been isolated and characterized. The glycosphingolipid patterns of the intestinal organs were chemically and immunologically very similar between the two groups of rats and relatively unaffected by the presence of an intestinal microbial flora. The major exception was the presence of hematoside with N-glycoloylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) (NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer) in the stomach of conventional rats not found in the stomach of germ-free animals. Glycosphingolipids of stimulated feces of germ-free animals were derived from epithelial cells mainly of the small intestine and showed no signs of degradation. Glycosphingolipids of feces of conventional rats completely retained the pattern of blood group A-, B-, and H-active glycolipids as found in sterile feces but contained less of hematoside and more of lactosylceramide. This effect was probably due to degradation by bacteria, as demonstrated in vitro with the production of lactosylceramide after treatment of the isolated acid glycolipids of sterile feces with neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens. The amount of total non-acid glycosphingolipids per dry weight was similar for stomach, was 50% higher for small intestine, and 300% higher for large intestine of germ-free animals compared to conventional animals. Due to the presence of large amounts of mucins the dry sterile feces contained 12% less non-acid glycolipids than conventional feces. However, calculated per rat per day the germ-free animal excreted more of non-acid glycosphingolipids (1.8 and 1.2 mg, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Significance of CA19-9 values in the feces of patients with colorectal carcinoma].

We measured CA19-9 value in feces of 119 cases with malignant disease, 78 cases with benign diseases and 36 healthy volunteers, and studied its usefulness for the diagnosis of digestive tract cancer. Mean value of CA19-9 in feces of healthy volunteer was 276.4 +/- 643.3 U/ml (mean +/- 2S.D.) and cut off value was defined as 1000 U/ml. The positive ratio of CA19-9 in feces of patients with malignant diseases as 44.5%. On the other hand, the mean of the false positive ratio was only 1.4% in benign diseases. Regarding to its breakdown, CA19-9 in feces revealed the highest positive ratio as 68% in colonic cancer. In colonic cancer, CA19-9 in feces showed a high positive ratio of 83% at advanced stage. Histologically, the positive ratios of CA19-9 in feces were higher, such as in more than 80% of the reaching degree of depth ss, a1, more than 82% of the disease due to higher parasites of lymph vessel ly1 and more than 95% of the metastasis of lymph node n1. Moreover, all CA19-9 in feces were positive in positive cases of CEA in serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces.

Coccidian oocysts resembling those of Isospora bigemina were excreted by cats fed Toxoplasma. In order to identify these oocysts with Toxoplasma infectivity a number of critical comparisons were made. The appearance of oocysts and Toxoplasma infectivity was simultaneous in the feces of 23 of 24 adult cats, 3-5 days after feeding of Toxoplasma cysts; in the feces of 4 out of 9 cats, 7-10 days after feeding of trophozoites; and in 8 out of 17 cats, 20-24 days after feeding of cat feces containing oocysts. Oocysts and infectivity were present in similar numbers, and they disappeared simultaneously from the feces of cats. Oocysts and infectivity were also observed simultaneously in the feces of 9 kittens, 1-2 days old, fed Toxoplasma cysts. Oocysts could not be separated from infectivity by filtration, by continuous particle electrophoresis, or by density gradient centrifugation. Excystation of oocysts was followed by an increase in titer of Toxoplasma infectivity. Unsporulated oocysts in fresh cat feces were noninfectious to mice, but oocyst sporulation was associated quantitatively with the development of infectivity at different temperatures and conditions of oxygenation. Maximum oocyst sporulation at 48 hr correlated with the development of maximum Toxoplasma infectivity. 1 and 2% sulfuric acid, and 2.5% potassium dichromate were found to be the best preservatives for sporulation of oocysts and for the development of Toxoplasma infectivity. Low sporulation rates in 0.1% formalin, 20% ethanol, and in water were associated with low infectivity in these reagents. Neither Toxoplasma infectivity nor oocysts developed in 0.3% formalin, 1% ammonium hydroxide, or 1% iodine in 20% ethanol. Oocysts, sporocysts, and sporozoites were stained specifically with Toxoplasma antibody in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Typical coccidian stages, schizonts, and male and female gametocytes were found in the epithelium of the small intestine of kittens fed Toxoplasma cysts. The classification of T. gondii is discussed in relation to that of other isosporan coccidia of cats and dogs. The term "Toxoplasma oocyst" is introduced and Toxoplasma is classified in the family Toxoplasmidae of the suborder Eimeriina. The species Isospora bigemina is restricted to dogs, and I. cati to cats. I. felis and so-called I. rivolta from cats were noninfectious to dogs, and did not confer immunity to subsequent infection with I. canis and I. rivolta from dogs.

Air↗
PubMed1979

Nonuniform distribution of occult blood in feces.

Inhibition of anti-Rh29 by erythrocytic stroma in feces was devised as a specific test for fecal occult blood. The sensitivity of this test was equivalent to that of a standard Hemoccult test, namely, 10(8) erythrocytes/g feces. Comparison of results of this test with results of Hemoccult tests of random stool specimens and of stools following ingestion of autologous blood revealed nonuniform distribution of occult blood in feces. The extent of nonuniformity was determined by testing samples of stool specimens following ingestion of 51Cr-labeled autologous blood. This allowed comparison of Hemoccult, inhibition of anti-Rh, and radioactivity, and showed that the three labels could separate in the feces and that some single small samples of feces could be relatively free of blood while blood was readily demonstrable in other portions. The variability of standard Hemoccult test was somewhat reduced by dispersing the feces in distilled water before performing the test.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1978

Deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes.

Peg feces, a malodorous substance causing environmental pollution, were completely deodorized within 2 days by Streptomyces. The optimum conditions for deodorization were as follows: pH, 8.6 to 10; temperature, 35 to 40 degrees C; moisture content, 42 to 63%; and minimum amount of inoculum, 2 g of seed culture per 10 g of fresh feces. Many kinds of microorganisms were isolated from the deodorized feces, of which only actinomycetes were found to have the ability to deodorize. Two strains with strong deodorizing activity were identified as Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces antibioticus. The low-molecular-weight fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces, scarcely could be found in feces deodorized by the isolated strains. Chemical analysis showed that the deodorized feces are useful as manure.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Colonic formation of soft feces in rabbits: a role for endogenous prostaglandins.

Rabbits produce hard and soft feces in a circadian rhythm. The motor activity of the haustrated proximal colon is inhibited during the formation of soft feces, whereas the spiking activity of the distal colon is stimulated. A potential role for endogenous prostaglandins (PG) in the control of the soft-feces elaboration by the rabbit colon was investigated in conscious animals by using PGE2 and PGF2 alpha and by inhibiting them with indomethacin. The infusion of both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha induced typical electromechanical events consisting of inhibition of the proximal and stimulation of the distal colon and was followed by soft-pellet defecation. Rabbits accustomed to be fed twice daily produced soft feces at fixed intervals of 252 +/- 32 min after the evening meal, with a soft-to-hard feces ratio of 1.45. After indomethacin treatment, this ratio was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 0.92. These results are consistent with the concept that endogenous prostaglandins play a major role in the motor function involved in soft-feces formation by the rabbit.

Animals↗