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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Experiences with a biological adhesive system (fibrin) in the dressing of kidney parenchymal wounds (animal experiment and 1st clinical experiences)].

We report on investigations describing the use of a biological adhesive system for tissue adhesion and local haemostasis. This system consists of highly concentrated native fibrinogen and thrombin. Clotting factor XIII is admitted for reinforcement of the fibrin network. In experimental partial kidney resection this system was used with excellent results. This experience led to successful application of this method in 15 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for various diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of novel experiences on retention of inhibitory avoidance behavior in mice: the influence of previous exposure to the same or another experience.

Mice were trained and tested in a step-through inhibitory avoidance task with a 24-h interval between training and testing. At one of several intervals prior to the test session (9 h, 6 h, 3 h, or 6 min), they were given one of the following novel experiences: 4 min in a small Plexiglas box containing an empty water bottle, or 4 min hanging from the wire mesh ceiling of a large Plexiglas box. When given 3 h or 6 min before testing, both novel experiences enhanced retention test performance. The effect was antagonized by naltrexone and mimicked by an administration of beta-endorphin 6 min prior to testing. Thus, the findings are consistent with previous evidence suggesting that the effects of novel experiences on retention test performance are due to an activation of the brain beta-endorphin system. When one of the novel experiences given 3 h or 6 min prior to testing was preceded by the same experience given 6 h earlier retention test performance was not enhanced. Thus, the enhancing effect is obtained only if the experience is novel. Further, an experience given prior to retention testing did not affect performance if either the same or a different experience was given 3 h earlier. This finding is consistent with previous evidence indicating that following a novel experience, the brain beta-endorphin remains unresponsive for several hours. These results provide additional evidence that novel experiences prior to retention testing affect retention performance and provide additional support for the view that the effect may involve the release of beta-endorphin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The experience and meta-experience of mood.

Mood experience is comprised of at least two elements: the direct experience of the mood and a meta-level of experience that consists of thoughts and feelings about the mood. In Study 1, a two-dimensional structure for the direct experience of mood (Watson & Tellegen, 1985) was tested for its fit to the responses of 1,572 subjects who each completed one of three different mood scales, including a brief scale developed to assist future research. The Watson and Tellegen structure was supported across all three scales. In Study 2, meta-mood experience was conceptualized as the product of a mood regulatory process that monitors, evaluates, and at times changes mood. A scale to measure meta-mood experience was administered to 160 participants along with the brief mood scale. People's levels on the meta-mood dimensions were found to differ across moods. Meta-mood experiences may also constitute an important part of the phenomenology of the personal experience of mood.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Opioid effects on intake of sweet solutions depend both on prior drug experience and on prior ingestive experience.

Two experiments investigated the effect of opioids on ingestion of sweet solutions in non-deprived rats. Experiment 1 replicated previous work from our laboratory showing virtually complete inhibition of sucrose and saccharin intake during 10 days of daily naloxone treatment. During recovery, prior naloxone experience significantly stimulated sucrose intake but had no effect on saccharin intake. In the absence of naloxone treatment, ingestive experience alone reduced naloxone's typical intake-suppressant effect. These findings suggest that drug experience and ingestive experience may interact to determine the intake-suppressant effect of naloxone. Experiment 2 examined the effects of opioid agonists on sucrose ingestion during 10 days of initial drug treatment and 5 days of recovery. A low dose of the kappa agonist U-50,488H significantly stimulated sucrose ingestion during the drug treatment period and this effect persisted for several days after treatment ended. Initial (non-significant) intake suppressant effects of the mu agonist morphine or a high dose of U-50,488H tended to decrease with repeated testing and did not reappear during recovery. These data suggest that in addition to immediate, direct effects on motivation, opioids may affect long-term changes in responsiveness to sweet tastes.

Albinism↗
PubMed1989

Geophysical variables and behavior: LV. Predicting the details of visitor experiences and the personality of experients: the temporal lobe factor.

The visitor experience, a more intense form of the normal sense of presence, emphasizes the deep belief of personal contact with an extraterrestrial (or religious) entity. Phenomenological details of visitor experiences are expected to reflect the functions of deep temporal lobe structures; common details involve cosmic meaningfulness, vestibular experiences, flickering, complex visual sensations and alimentary references. After intense experiences, interictal-like behaviors similar to religious conversions (widening affect, sense of personal, desire to spread the word, concern about Man's destiny) emerge. Normal people who are prone to these experiences show frequent temporal lobe signs and specific personality characteristics that include enhanced creativity, suggestibility, mild hypomania, anxiety, and emotional lability. Learning histories that encourage the use of right temporal lobe functions for the consolidation of memory, such as compartmentalization of beliefs or repression due to early sexual abuse, predispose to intense visitor experiences. The most frequent precipitants are psychological depression, personal (existential) stress and proximal exposure to the focal tectonic strain fields that accompany luminous phenomena. Possible neuropsychological mechanisms are discussed.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1976

Marburg experiment on surgical research: a five-years' experience on the cooperation between clinical and theoretical surgeons.

The organisation of surgical research in Marburg is an experiment which has run for five-years and war carried out in attempt to establish a cooperation between clinical and theoretical surgeons (scientists in basic research). The experiment was started 1970 by creating a Division of Experimental Surgery and Pathological Biochemistry at the Surgery Clinic of the University. Structures and functions in this experiment were 6 small working teams, special services for the teams and for the whole Department of Surgery as well as a training programme in surgical research for theoretical surgeons. Success and failure in the experiment were evaluated by criteria testing three principal functions of surgical research: Training of clinical and theoretical surgeons in methods and techniques of surgical research, performance of controlled clinical trials and basic research in surgery. The early results of the Marburg experiment seem to be promising.

Biology↗
PubMed1979

Extramural study experience and practical experience of final year veterinary students of nine European schools.

Arrangements for extramural education including "seeing practice" experience in nine European veterinary schools (Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool, Helsinki, Stockholm, Hannover, Ghent, Toulouse and Vienna) are described. Considerable differences existed between three UK schools, and between them and the Continental schools, where arrangements were usually voluntary. The amount of extramural experience in different types of work was quantified by student questionnaires. An average of 12 weeks' experience in farm practice was gained by 83 per cent of the 339 students, six weeks' small animal work by 48 per cent, four weeks in an abattoir by 43 per cent and other periods in specialised practices, laboratories and veterinary faculties. Practice abroad was experienced by 10 per cent. The total experience of different medical and surgical conditions varied considerably between schools as a result of disease eradication (eg, swine fever in UK), non-occurrence (canine leptospirosis in Sweden and Finland) or the availability of surgical or reproductive material, as well as on other factors.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

Complex role experiences and personal differentiation: a real-life experiment.

This paper analyses the relationship between the complexity of role experiences and personal differentiation. "Complex role experiences" are defined by high levels of voluntarism, multiplexity, quasi-responsibility and trial-and-error behaviour. The ability to differentiate between diverse principles of role enactment and various criteria of interpersonal relations is conceptualized as "personal differentiation". Our hypothesis is that a pre-designed educational programme providing complex role experiences enhances personal differentiation. This hypothesis was tested in an experimental study on Israeli adolescents participating in summer camps. The results show that the active exposure to and assumption of variegated roles in different settings on a voluntaristic basis, while performing meaningful and quasi-responsible actions by means of trial-and-error behaviour, enhances role and interpersonal differentiation, and hence personal differentiation, among adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Therapeutic embolisation of visceral arteries. Animal experiments, early clinical experience and introduction of a new embolising material (author's transl)].

In order to compare the effectiveness and suitability of the most commonly used embolising materials--autologous blood clot, either pure or modified by epsilon-amino-caproic acid, gelatin, or fibrin foam--a series of experiments was carried out using the renal arteries of rabbits. Our own experience and the information in the literature indicate that there is at present no optimal and lasting material for embolisation. A new radioopaque for am consisting of a silicone elastomer has been found to be superior to all other materials, without any evidence of complication arising from it. Contrary to present views, it has been shown that the effect of embolisation is best demonstrated scintigraphically; angiography immediately after embolisation does not provide the necessary informatin (spasm, further thrombosis). The results of animal experiments and toxicity studies indicated that the substance can be used as suitable embolising material in patients, provided the indications are strictly controlled.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Immediate and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Comparison of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Registry experience with current experience.

The immediate and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 1939 patients with single-vessel coronary disease (SVD) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Registry on PTCA (early experience) have been compared to recent results in 1551 patients, also with SVD, pooled from three centers in the USA (current experience). The circumflex artery, rarely subjected to PTCA in the past, now constitutes 16% of the total. The success rate has increased from 65 to 92% and, contrary to previous results, all three coronary arteries share at present a similar rate of success. The complications rate has been halved from 8.4 to 4.2%. These differences stem from the present level of operator expertise and the improved instrumentation. On the other hand, the severity of coronary stenosis and its reduction in successfully treated patients, as well as the rate of recurrence after successful PTCA in the current experience, show no difference from the past. The possible reasons for these similarities are only speculative at this time.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1988

Psi experiments: do the best parapsychological experiments justify the claims for psi?

Since the founding of the Society of Psychical Research in 1982, psychical researchers have, in each generation, generated research reports which they believed justified the existence of paranormal phenomena. Throughout this period the scientific establishment has either rejected or ignored such claims. The parapsychologists, with some justification, complained that their claims were being rejected without the benefit of a fair hearing. This paper asks the question of how well the best contemporary evidence for psi--the term used to designate ESP and psychokinetic phenomena--stands up to fair and unbiased appraisal. The results of the scrutiny of the three most widely heralded programs of research--the remote viewing experiments, the psi ganzfeld research, and the work with random number generators--indicates that parapsychological research falls short of the professed standards of the field. In particular, the available reports indicate that randomization is often inadequate, multiple statistical testing without adjustment for significance levels is prevalent, possibilities for sensory leakage are not uniformly prevented, errors in use of statistical tests are much too common, and documentation is typically inadequate. Although the responsible critic cannot argue that these observed departures from optimal experimental procedures have been the sole cause of the reported findings, it is reasonable to demand that the parapsychologists produce consistently significant findings from experiments that are methodologically adequate before their claims are taken seriously.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,126 cases in New York City in 1987.

There is marked debate about whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, vary as a function of hospital and physician experience with a disease. This issue is especially important with respect to AIDS because greater than 200,000 individuals have now been diagnosed with this disease. We analyzed discharge data for 3,126 persons with AIDS who had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who were treated at one of 73 New York City hospitals in 1987. In-hospital mortality was 25%. Factors associated with higher chances of short-term death were older age, being black, not having private health insurance, and being severely ill. A logistic regression model indicated that after controlling for differences in patient and hospital characteristics, the chances of death decreased when care was given at hospitals with higher caseloads of patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Our findings suggest that hospital experience may decrease mortality in this subset of patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease, although it is unknown whether this is due to differences in quality of care.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

[Physically handicapped pupils at a regular school - experiences of the school experiment "Lichtenau" (author's transl)].

As an experiment in integration, the joint placement of physically handicapped and non-disabled pupils into the regular class settings of a school belonging to the Hessisch-Lichtenau experiment makes special social and educational measures necessary both at school and in the residential home. The main activities have to be directed towards scientific studies of existing problems and their practical solutions. The following article describes the problems arising from the integrational efforts and suggests possible solutions.

Child↗