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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Haptic exploration in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults.

Matching accuracy and strategy utilization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was examined in a series of intramodal, haptic match-to-standard problems. Subjects were presented with 2-, 3-, and 4-comparison stimulus arrays and asked to locate by touch alone the comparison stimulus that exactly matched the standard. Results indicated that elderly adults, in comparison to young and middle-aged adults, were less successful in solving the haptic problems. Furthermore, they also displayed less systematic and logical haptic search strategies. Discussion of the results focused on the competence-performance distinction and the relation of selectivity and performance during the aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Central/incidental recall and selective attention in young and elderly adults.

Central and incidental recall of young (Mean age=28.4) and elderly (Mean age=70.9) men and women was examined. As expected, statistically significant age differences were found for both central and incidental recall. For the eight items mean central recall (5.72) was significantly higher than mean incidental recall (2.56) at both age levels; mean incidental recall was significantly greater than chance for both age groups. Lack of an age X central/incidental interaction was interpreted as supporting a general recall deficit. No evidence was found to suggest an attentional focusing difference between young and elderly adults. Verbal labeling of the central stimuli had no effect on recall scores. Differential recall for each of eight positions of stimuli was also examined. Both age groups exhibited a spatial primacy-recency effect for central but not incidental recall. No support was obtained for an attentional interpretation of age-associated differences in learning.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Problems of hearing aid fitting in elderly adults (author's transl)].

To provide optimum hearing aid fitting in elderly adults, certain factors are necessary which may affect the frequency response curves of the hearing aids. In cases of presbyacusis, an objective fitting of hearing aids can be based on accurate audiometry (via headphone and loudspeaker) with careful interpretation of test results. Importance is placed on directional hearing as it occurs when listening to a speaker against a background of noise. The test methods used in the Department of Audiology, Basel, are described for minitoring the stereophonic fitting of hearing aids. The advantages of this fitting (as opposed to monaural fitting alone) in cases of presbyacusis with symmetrical hearing losses are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Oral ability to recognize forms and oral muscular coordination ability in dentulous young and elderly adults.

A study has been carried out to investigate possible between a group of dentulous young adults (average 22-5 years of age) and a group of dentulous elderly individuals (65-9 years), when attempting to recognize forms orally and to carry out tasks which demand a fine-coordination of the oral muscular apparatus. The results showed, that the older group had reduced ability for both forms of tests used in this study (RF-test for estimating the oral ability to recognize forms, and MA-test to estimate oral muscular ability). The reduced capacity of the older individuals to learn the requirements of the tests as compared with the younger ones, was especially obvious. Furthermore, individual differences in this respect were more obvious for the older than for the younger examinees. The suggestion is made that in further studies the number of trial-rounds may be reduced from three to two, certainly for older individuals and for both the RF- and the MA-test. Because of the obvious correlation between the results of the RF- and the MA-test among older individuals, it is concluded that both forms of tests may measure common or closely related factors, which are reflected by these tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Organization and recall of related sentences by elderly and young adults.

Differences between elderly and young adults in storage organization of sentence material were investigated using a modification of Mandler's (1967) sorting technique. The elderly were expected to be relatively poor at sorting organization, and would then recall less sentence material. The age groups were also compared on time taken to organize the sentences, recall organization, and performance on a short sentence comprehension test. There were no age differences in conceptual type of organization or clustering of sentences in sorting groups and recall storage organization was not related to the amount of recall. The elderly adults did require more time to acquire the sentences, and had lower recognition test scores. It was concluded that the sorting technique and measures related to it failed to detect the elderly adults' apparent difficulty in acquiring the sentences.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Blood levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine: differences between children, adults, and elderly subjects.

The serum levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in children, adolescents, adults, and elderly subjects have been measured by radioimmunoassays. It was found that while the T4 levels were essentially equal in all age groups examined, the T3 levels were markedly different. In children and adolescents (1-15 years), high values were recorded; indeed, they exceeded the upper normal limit in adults (20-80 years). From the age of 20, the T3 levels remained unaltered until the age of 80, after which there was a further reduction, to values approaching the lower normal limit for T3 in middle-aged subjects. The findings emphasize that separate normal values must be established for different age groups, in order to avoid diagnostic misinterpretations and therapeutic failures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of word frequency on adult age differences in word memory span.

The present study tested the hypothesis that the age deficits in memory span commonly found in elderly adults are attributable, at least in part, to elaborative rehearsal processes. The test required an analysis of age differences between young and elderly adult subjects in word span for list types varying in word frequency. Significant age deficits were found for all list types, with the magnitude of the deficit increasing as the frequency of intrastring items increased. The pattern of this interaction indicated the involvement of a decreased proficiency in elaborative rehearsal with increasing age as a contributor to the age deficit in word span.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Adult age differences in free recall as a function of basis of organization and method of presentation.

To examine age-related differences in the discovery of intralist relationships, young and elderly adults were presented a free-recall list in either the conventional successive single-item format or in a whole-list display. A list that could be organized by associative or rhyming intralist relationships was used to test the levels-of-processing model of memory as an explanation of age differences in recall. Young adults recalled more base-words, associates, and rhymes than elderly subjects on immediate free and cued tests and on an uncued test one week later. Elderly subjects showed less utilization of both semantic and nonsemantic intralist relationships. Age did not interact with method of presentation. Recall and organization deficits occurred for elderly adults even though they were less anxious than young adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Long term preventive aspects in oral rehabilitation of adults and elderly. I. Maintenance of balanced functional jaw interaction.

Prevention should be regarded as more important for the health than the cure. In adult and geriatric patients prevention is directed towards limiting disability rather than preventing the onset of the disease, since treatment is undertaken after pathological changes have taken place and some degree of invalidity is already present. Oral rehabilitation, if successfully performed, will limit the spread and further deterioration of oral conditions at any developmental stage of a functional pathology. The objective of the rehabilitation should not be the integrity of a single dental arch and certainly not the replacement of the lost teeth. Rather, the principle guiding guiding the treatment should be the achievement of a harmonious functional relation between the maxillary and mandibular jaws, so as to enable them to function in well balanced co-operation and force distribution. This objective may be best achieved by sensible planning and faultless execution, when the patient is younger, and most of his teeth and their supporting structures are still preserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comments on Winn and Elias: testing the rehearsal deficit hypothesis.

Winn and Elias, [Experimental Aging Research, 1977, 3 (4)], recently tested a version of the rehearsal deficit hypothesis in which elderly adults are viewed as being less likely to rehearse spontaneously than are young adults. Since their results failed to support this variant of the deficit hypothesis, Winn and Elias concluded that elderly adults do not manifest a rehearsal deficit. The present position is that Winn and Elias's version of the deficit hypothesis is an untenable one. Their results actually supported an alternative version of the hypothesis that identifies deficit in terms of elaborative or mediational rehearsal.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Test anxiety in elderly and young adults.

Test anxiety in elderly and young adult college students was measured by the Anxiety Achievement Test following a free-recall memory experiment. As expected, the elderly had higher levels of debilitating test anxiety than the younger adults. A large proportion of older persons showed behavioural manifestations of test anxiety either by refusing to participate in the study, or by their reactions during the testing. Test anxiety was related to memory performance among both age groups, suggesting than an older person's performance on a cognitive task may be influenced by affective reactions to the testing situation itself.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-sectional study of the perceived stressfulness of several life events.

Adults from different age groups (18-24, 30-40, and 65-86) were tested to determine if they differ in their perception of certain stressful life events. Twenty adults from each age group were asked to rate a series of events according to their perceived relative stressfulness; included were events thought to be particularly salient for elderly adults. Amster and Krauss' list of events and Holmes and Rahe's procedure for quantifying stress were used. Group differences were not found for the elderly salient events; however it was found that elderly adults perceive death-related events as less stressful than do younger adults.

Adolescent↗