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16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

An RPA-assisted homogeneous electrochemical DNA sensor for on-site eDNA detection toward early warning of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks.

Crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks seriously threaten coral reef ecosystems, while conventional monitoring approaches are time-consuming and often lack sufficient sensitivity for early warning. Existing electrochemical DNA sensors usually require complex electrode-surface immobilization procedures, which can lead to uneven probe distribution, significant steric hindrance, and poor stability. Meanwhile, the low concentration of environmental DNA (eDNA) in marine environments further complicates detection. To overcome these challenges, this study developed a homogeneous electrochemical DNA sensor assisted by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for COTS eDNA detection. Target DNA was first amplified by RPA, and the amplification products were then hybridized in solution with capture probe (CP)-modified magnetic beads (MB) and biotin-labeled signal probe (SP) to form sandwich-structured MB complexes. These complexes were subsequently magnetically enriched and immobilized on the electrode surface for electrochemical signal readout. Under optimized conditions, the sensor displayed a linear response to COTS genomic DNA from 3.77 fg/μL to 1 ng/μL, with an LOD of 2.02 fg/μL and an LOQ of 3.77 fg/μL. The sensor was applied to Xisha Islands samples, and the results agreed with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) (P > 0.05), demonstrating its potential for sensitive and reliable on-site COTS eDNA detection.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

The Use of eDNA Metabarcoding to Detect and Identify Phytophthora in Water Samples.

We describe a protocol to amplify DNA barcodes of known and unknown taxa of Phytophthora and related plant pathogenic oomycetes from a range of environments. The methods focus on sampling pathogen propagules from water using in situ sampling and filtration equipment and buffers that enable efficient storage and DNA extraction for later downstream processing.

Phytophthora↗
PubMed2025

Persistent gaps and errors in reference databases impede ecologically meaningful taxonomy assignments in 18S rRNA studies: a case study of terrestrial and marine nematodes.

In metabarcoding studies, Linnaean taxonomy assignments of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) or Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) underpin many downstream bioinformatics analyses and ecological interpretations of environmental DNA (eDNA) datasets. However, public molecular databases (i.e., SILVA, EUKARYOME, BOLD) for most microbial metazoan phyla (nematodes, tardigrades, kinorhynchs, etc.) are sparsely populated, negatively impacting our ability to assign ecologically meaningful taxonomy to these understudied groups. Additionally, the choice of bioinformatics parameters and computational algorithms can further impact the accuracy of eDNA taxonomy assignments. Here, we use two in-silico datasets to show that taxonomy assignments using the 18S rRNA gene can be dramatically improved by curating Linnaean taxonomy strings associated with each reference sequence and closing phylogenetic gaps by improving taxon sampling. Using free-living nematodes as a case study, we applied two commonly used taxonomy assignment algorithms (BLAST+ and the QIIME2 Naïve Bayes classifier) across six iterations of the SILVA 138 reference database to evaluate the precision and accuracy of taxonomy assignments. The BLAST+ top hit with a 90% sequence similarity cutoff often returned the highest percentage of correctly assigned taxonomy at the genus level, and the QIIME2 Naïve Bayes classifier performed similarly well when paired with a reference database containing corrected taxonomy strings. Our results highlight the urgent need for phylogenetically-informed expansions of public reference databases (encompassing both genomes and common gene markers), focused on poorly sampled lineages which are now robustly recovered via eDNA metabarcoding approaches. Additional taxonomy curation efforts should be applied to popular reference databases such as SILVA, and taxon sampling could be rapidly improved by more frequent incorporation of newly published GenBank sequences linked to genus and/or species level identifications.

18S rRNA metabarcoding↗
PubMed2026

Biofilm-derived curli and Z-DNA shape anti-DNA antibody responses during Salmonella infections.

Antibodies to Z-DNA, a non-canonical DNA conformation with a left-handed zigzag backbone, are abundant in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with levels increasing with disease activity and flares. As SLE is associated with bacterial infections, and as extracellular DNA (eDNA) within biofilms of several bacterial species has been shown to adopt the Z-DNA conformation, bacterial Z-DNA may represent a source of immunogenic Z-DNA in SLE and other related autoimmune conditions. In these studies, we investigated whether eDNA in Salmonella biofilms also contained Z-DNA and whether such Z-DNA could elicit an antibody response. Using antibody-based staining approaches, we observed abundant eDNA in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) biofilms in both the Z- and canonical B-DNA configurations, consistent with the highly Z-prone nature of the GC-rich Salmonella genome. To assess the functional contribution of these DNA conformations to biofilm integrity, biofilms were treated with DNase I, which lacks enzymatic activity against Z-DNA, or with benzonase, a nonspecific nuclease that degrades both B- and Z-DNA. DNase I treatment applied after biofilm maturation was less effective at thinning biofilms than treatment during early biofilm formation, a pattern also observed with benzonase treatment. Purified curli:DNA complexes contained Z-DNA and, when administered intraperitoneally to mice, elicited robust anti-Z-DNA antibody responses. Similarly, infection with invasive STm induced the production of anti-Z-DNA antibodies in vivo. Moreover, STm infection in mice fed a diet that promotes biofilm development was associated with increased Z-DNA levels in the cecal lumen and elevated anti-DNA antibody responses. Collectively, these findings suggest that Z-DNA, likely formed by extruded Salmonella genomic DNA, and embedded within curli:DNA complexes of STm biofilms, triggers a host immune response and drives anti-Z-DNA antibody production. This work provides mechanistic insight into how bacterial infections and diet-dependent modulation of biofilm formation may contribute to anti-Z-DNA antibody responses in autoimmune diseases like SLE.

Animals↗
PubMed2024

Reference Sequence Browser: An R application with a user-friendly GUI to rapidly query sequence databases.

Land managers, researchers, and regulators increasingly utilize environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to monitor species richness, presence, and absence. In order to properly develop a biological assay for eDNA metabarcoding or quantitative PCR, scientists must be able to find not only reference sequences (previously identified sequences in a genomics database) that match their target taxa but also reference sequences that match non-target taxa. Determining which taxa have publicly available sequences in a time-efficient and accurate manner currently requires computational skills to search, manipulate, and parse multiple unconnected DNA sequence databases. Our team iteratively designed a Graphic User Interface (GUI) Shiny application called the Reference Sequence Browser (RSB) that provides users efficient and intuitive access to multiple genetic databases regardless of computer programming expertise. The application returns the number of publicly accessible barcode markers per organism in the NCBI Nucleotide, BOLD, or CALeDNA CRUX Metabarcoding Reference Databases. Depending on the database, we offer various search filters such as min and max sequence length or country of origin. Users can then download the FASTA/GenBank files from the RSB web tool, view statistics about the data, and explore results to determine details about the availability or absence of reference sequences.

User-Computer Interface↗
PubMed2026

Tropomyosin 1 Promotes Platelet Adhesion and Clot Contraction Separate from Its Roles in Developmental Hematopoiesis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) link the Tropomyosin 1 (Tpm1) locus to quantitative blood trait variation, but related mechanisms are unclear. Tpm1 encodes an actin-binding protein that regulates actin filament diversity, cell adhesion, signaling, and actomyosin contractility. Murine Tpm1 deficiency enhances hemogenic endothelial cell (HEC) specification, but it was unclear if these effects extended to postnatal hematopoiesis. We used Cdh5Cre and VavCre models to conditionally knock out Tpm1 (Tpm1KO) in endothelial anor hematopoietic cells. Both models ablate Tpm1 in postnatal blood. Endothelial Tpm1KO increases HEC specification without altering hematopoietic progenitor cell production or adult blood counts, suggesting separate roles for Tpm1 in the embryonic and adult blood systems. Tpm1KO increases adult platelet lifespan and diminishes adhesion to fibronectin and fibrinogen. Chemical Tpm1 inhibition also reduces focal adhesion in murine and human platelets. Altered platelet morphology and reduced platelet spreading suggest perturbed actomyosin contractility underlies these findings. Platelet fibrin binding promotes blood clot contraction, which reduces occlusive thrombosis. Tpm1KO limits clot contraction and worsens vascular occlusion in ferric chloride-induced stroke models. In addition to offering a mechanistic explanation for why genetic variation at the TPM1 alters platelet traits in GWAS, our findings reveal novel roles for Tpm1 in clot contraction and thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Whole cell inactivated poly-bacterial preparation MV130 effect on nasal mucosal immunity and experimental human pneumococcal carriage: double-blind randomised controlled trial with controlled human infection model.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial mucosal immunotherapy has shown protection of children and adults from both viral and bacterial respiratory infections, offering the potential to reduce antimicrobial use, and hence also control antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pneumococcal carriage of vaccine type Streptococcus pneumoniae remains high in Malawi despite infant conjugate vaccination and AMR is increasing. We compared nasal inflammation following sublingual bacterial immunotherapy including S. pneumoniae (MV130, Inmunotek, Spain) or placebo and determined the effect in an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. METHODS: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adult volunteers was conducted at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Participants were randomly allocated to receive MV130 or placebo sublingually once daily for 42 days. Mucosal inflammation (neutrophil to T cell ratio, NTR) was measured in nasal micro-biopsies. Post-treatment, participants were challenged with 160,000 CFU/naris S. pneumoniae 6B (Spn6b). Experimental pneumococcal carriage rates post inoculation were compared between the two arms. All participants completing the study were included in the analysis. Prospective trial registration: PACTR202403820001276. FINDINGS: 107 participants were enrolled and randomised to MV130/placebo between May and December 2024. There were no serious adverse events, complete compliance was good (72%) and all adverse events were mild. 96 participants (53 male, 43 female) completed the study with 52 participants randomised to MV130 and 44 to placebo. There was no difference in mucosal inflammation (neutrophil to T cell ratio) at day 14 of the intervention MV130 NTR median = 0.737 (IQR 0.294, 2.059) and placebo NTR = 0.831 (IQR 0.450, 2.073), p = 0.64. Secondary analyses showed a rise in mucosal neutrophils after MV130 treatment and after experimental pneumococcal inoculation. There was no difference in nasal or serum anti-pneumococcal immunoglobulin or in experimental pneumococcal carriage proportion between MV130 (12/52, 23%) and placebo (10/44, 23%) groups (unadjusted risk ratio 1.02 (CI 0.49-2.12) p = 1.0). INTERPRETATION: MV130 induced non-specific mild neutrophil inflammation of the nasal mucosa but had no protective effect against experimental human pneumococcal carriage. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

APOE-stratified genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimers's disease.

Among the more than 90 identified genetic risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 polymorphisms remain the longstanding benchmark for genetic disease risk with a consistently large effect across studies1-10. Despite this massive signal, the exact mechanisms by which ɛ4 increases and ɛ2 decreases dementia risk remain poorly understood. Notably, recent trials of anti-amyloid therapies suggest less efficacy and higher risks of severe side effects in ε4 carriers11-13, hampering the treatment of those with the highest unmet need. To improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of AD in the context of its main genetic driver, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) stratified by ε4 and ε2 carrier status. HP1BP3, SLC50A1, PTPRC, NPAS3, DDHD1, CHST9, SMYD2, PRAMEF1 and GFRA1 emerged as new genomic signals for AD risk, appearing only when stratified by APOE carrier status. DDHD1 appeared especially promising, showing protective effects in ε4 carriers, being identified as an expression quantitative trait locus and being involved in rare neuronal diseases. Such APOE-stratified insights may help understand and overcome side effects, inform clinical trial enrollment strategies, and create the scientific basis for targeted, mechanism-driven therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

GPNMB-directed CAR T cell therapy against MiT/TFE-family fusion-driven solid tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors is constrained by the scarcity of safe, uniformly expressed cell-surface targets. Here we identify glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB)-an MiT/TFE-family fusion-driven protein-as being highly, homogeneously and stably expressed in primary and relapsed alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) and translocation renal cell carcinoma. We develop a GPNMB-directed CAR T cell product, GCAR1, which demonstrates potent activity against patient-matched cells, organoids and xenograft models. Post hoc interim analysis of a first-in-human open-label, individual-participant trial ( NCT07104682 ) for a participant with relapsed/refractory, metastatic ASPS showed that GCAR1 induces stable disease for up to 3 months, accompanied by resolution of many nontarget lesions (primary endpoint), and is well tolerated. GCAR1 T cells expand in peripheral blood as a polyclonal population and remain detectable for 1 month. Spatial transcriptomics identified immunosuppressive niches in a treatment-resistant lesion and immune checkpoint blockade synergized with GCAR1 in a xenograft model. Altogether, our data provide a proof of concept for treating GPNMB-expressing solid tumors with GCAR1 and more broadly targeting surface antigens driven by oncogenic gene fusions with CAR T cell therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Immature Neutrophil Programs Associate With Burn Mortality and Extend Across Critical Illnesses.

Severe burns provoke a systemic "genomic storm," yet cell states associated with divergent outcomes remain unclear. We profiled blood cells by single-cell RNA-Sequencing (73 014 cells) from adult patients with burn injuries within postburn day 17 (n = 4) and healthy donors (n = 5), integrated data with bulk signatures of burn size, inhalation injury, and mortality, and evaluated clinical associations in the American Burn Association National Burn Repository. Burn was associated with emergency hematopoiesis marked by expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor-like cells, immature neutrophils, and plasmablast/plasma cell states, alongside depletion of naïve CD4+/CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. Larger burns (>20% TBSA) showed enrichment of humoral transcriptional programs, including plasmablast/plasma cell activation and suppression of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell states. In multivariable models, inhalation injury was a stronger predictor of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.9) than burn size (adjusted OR 1.1) and shared greater overlap with the most perturbed single cells in non-survivors; 55% of co-perturbed cells were neutrophils, implicating granulocyte dysregulation as a common lethal axis. We identified a neutrophil-specific 5-gene panel (OLFM4, RETN, LCN2, ARG1, and BTNL3) that discriminated survivors vs non-survivors after burns (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.9) and generalized to trauma (n = 158; AUC 0.81) and intensive care unit COVID-19 (n = 103; AUC 0.75), providing information orthogonal to conventional biomarkers and severity scores. Cytomorphology corroborated transcriptomic immaturity, with ~2-fold higher band neutrophils and larger neutrophil size in a fatal case. Computational drug-reversal analysis highlighted galectin-1 inhibition as a candidate modulator of mortality-associated neutrophil programs. Together, our findings suggest that immature neutrophils represent a shared immune feature across severe burns and other forms of critical illness.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Bycatch in a bottle: what taxa are recoverable from metabarcoding DNA in historical invertebrate collection preservative fluid?

Natural history museum collections are invaluable repositories of biodiversity, offering insights into life on Earth. Genomic approaches provide powerful tools to characterize biodiversity in these collections. However using these collections for genomics without damaging specimens is a challenge. Here, we develop and test non-destructive DNA metabarcoding methods to capture biodiversity from the preservative fluids of archived insect collections ('Bycatch'). We optimized workflows for extracting and amplifying the partial CO1 locus (CO1) and fungal ITS1 locus from ethanol-based preservative fluids, validating ethanol preparation methods, comparing DNA extraction kits, and refining PCR protocols. Our results demonstrate that from museum collections with low DNA yields, CO1 and fungal ITS1 loci can often be recovered from preservative fluids, and we present detailed methodology and workflows. We test metabarcoding success to recover taxa in several museum collections ranging in age and storage condition. This is to support the State of California's effort to catalog and sequence all insects and fungi, building baselines of California biodiversity with help from museum collections. Lastly, we investigate the complementarity of metabarcoding water versus ethanol and morphological identifications aimed to capture benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in streams. Our findings highlight that DNA metabarcoding of the preservative fluid is a non-destructive tool for capturing biodiversity in historical specimens, but there are limitations on the overlaps between DNA results and physical contents, where morphological identification still reigns in taxon counts, but metabarcoding sometimes provides more taxonomic resolution, and can be used to track DNA from other organisms such as fungi beyond the directly surveyed specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A CRISPR-Based Rapid Detection Assay for Crayfish Plague (Aphanomyces astaci) From Environmental Samples.

Crayfish plague, caused by Aphanomyces astaci (Aa), is an infectious disease invasive in Europe, where its rapid spread has resulted in sharp declines of native crayfish species. Monitoring currently relies on a highly sensitive, but costly and time-consuming qPCR approach. Here, we designed a simplified, rapid and cost-efficient molecular assay for on-site detection of Aa. The novel rapid assay employs a combination of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection that can be coupled with fluorescence or lateral flow visualisation. We demonstrate that the novel assay can detect A. astaci from tissue and environmental DNA with higher sensitivity than the available qPCR assay and readily distinguishes Aa from its non-pathogenic sister taxon A. fennicus. We tested two genomic marker sites for Aa that discriminate closely related oomycetes and incorporate field-deployable lateral flow and fluorescence readouts. Our work will make crayfish plague monitoring broadly accessible to practitioners and non-academic stakeholders as a tool to curb further Aa-driven loss of Europe's imperilled freshwater crustaceans and strengthen preparedness against future incursions of the pathogen in other regions.

Cas12a↗
PubMed2025

Physiological and metabolic responses of Zymomonas mobilis to lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

Zymomonas mobilis is a promising biocatalyst for the sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic sugars into biofuels and bioproducts, yet its response to lignocellulosic hydrolysates remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the physiological response of Z. mobilis to ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)-pretreated switchgrass hydrolysate using a systems-level approach integrating LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics and shotgun proteomics. Growth on hydrolysate induced substantial shifts in fatty acid and membrane phospholipid composition, alongside broad proteomic remodeling. Notably, Z. mobilis exhibited a stress response characterized by the upregulation of heat shock proteins and efflux transporters and the downregulation of cell motility proteins. Unexpectedly, hydrolysate exposure also led to a robust upregulation of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the ethanol fermentation pathway, and other central carbon metabolism enzymes, indicating a substantial cellular investment potentially driven by additional nutrient availability in hydrolysate. These findings provide new insights into the metabolic adaptations of Z. mobilis to lignocellulosic hydrolysates, informing strategies to enhance its biofuel production capabilities.IMPORTANCEBiomass pretreatment processes release fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, but they also generate inhibitors that can impact microbial metabolism. This study provides a systems-level evaluation of how Zymomonas mobilis responds to hydrolysate stress, revealing distinct physiological and lipid membrane remodeling responses. While some stress responses overlap with those induced by ethanol and isobutanol toxicity, both valuable biofuels, hydrolysate exposure elicits unique metabolic shifts. These findings offer valuable insights for engineering Z. mobilis strains with improved tolerance and performance for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates into biofuels and bioproducts.

Zymomonas↗
PubMed2026

Comparative genomics of the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium: analysis of Colombian genomes and their relationship with international lineages.

The monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STVM) represents a growing threat to global public health owing to its wide dissemination, capacity to adapt to multiple hosts, and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, 98 STVM isolates recovered in Colombia (57 from humans and 41 from pig farms and abattoirs) were genomically characterized between 2015 and 2022 and compared with 102 representative genomes of international lineages by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenomic analysis. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the existence of two well-defined endemic lineages in Colombia (Clusters 1 and 2), arising from independent introduction events and subsequent local stabilization. Both lineages comprise isolates of human and swine origin without clear phylogenetic separation by host species, suggesting active zoonotic cocirculation and closely integrated interspecies transmission dynamics. Marked differences were observed in the accessory genome, including the differential presence of prophages (e.g., Gifsy-2, Fels-2, SW9), virulence plasmids, and resistance profiles. The Colombian lineages exhibited a high frequency of the pSTV plasmid (85%, n = 84/98) and a substantial burden of resistance determinants to quinolones (such as qnrB19, 74.5%; gyrA S83F mutation, 19.4%), phenicols (floR), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB), β-lactams (blaTEM-1B), and heavy metals. In contrast, the Colombian genomes clustered with the European ST34 lineage lacked pSTV but retained resistance and heavy metal operons. These findings demonstrate that international and endemic lineages coexist in Colombia with independent evolutionary trajectories, underscoring the need to strengthen genomic surveillance under the "One Health" approach to anticipate emerging threats and develop integrated control strategies.IMPORTANCEThe monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (STVM) has emerged as a predominant serovar in both humans and swine internationally. In Colombia, a fundamental question driving this study was whether local isolates belonged to international lineages or represented endemic strains. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic characterization demonstrating that two Colombian endemic lineages circulate simultaneously between humans and pigs without phylogenetic separation by host species, confirming active zoonotic transmission. The results demonstrate the coexistence of both lineages, each with distinctive repertoires of mobile genetic elements and specific antimicrobial resistance profiles. Understanding these transmission dynamics and evolutionary patterns is crucial for public health, as it demonstrates how zoonotic pathogens can establish locally adapted lineages with distinct resistance patterns. The genomic evidence of sustained interspecies circulation highlights the critical need for integrated surveillance strategies under the "One Health" framework. This will enable anticipating emerging threats, tracing transmission routes, and developing targeted interventions in food production systems.

One Health↗
PubMed2026

Enozertinib Is a Selective, Brain-Penetrant EGFR Inhibitor for Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers with EGFR Exon 20 and Atypical Mutations.

UNLABELLED: EGFR mutations are common oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and approximately half of patients develop brain metastases over the course of their disease. Patients with nonclassic EGFR mutations, such as insertions in exon 20, are a high unmet need with a worse prognosis compared with patients with classic EGFR mutations. Here, we describe the discovery and development of enozertinib (formerly ORIC-114), a highly brain-penetrant, orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor that targets EGFR exon 20 mutations with unparalleled kinome selectivity. Preclinical studies revealed strong potency and tumor regressions driven by enozertinib across a broad range of atypical EGFR-mutant models. In a phase I clinical trial of enozertinib in patients with advanced NSCLC bearing atypical mutations in EGFR, a patient harboring an EGFR exon 20 insertion experienced sustained complete response of all systemic and brain metastases. Together, these findings identify enozertinib as a promising investigational inhibitor to address the unmet need for brain-penetrant therapies in NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertions or other atypical mutations. SIGNIFICANCE: Preclinical and initial phase I clinical data demonstrate the potency, kinome selectivity, efficacy, and brain penetration of enozertinib in NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertions and atypical mutations, warranting further clinical development.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed2024

Temporal analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow in the threatened catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum from a dammed neotropical river.

The striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum is a large-sized migratory species from the north Andes region, endemic to Magdalena basin and one of the major fishery resources. Despite the estimated reduction of over 80% of the fisheries production of this species throughout the basin in recent decades, its population in the lower Magdalena-Cauca basin showed healthy genetics after molecular analyses. However, the current conservation status of this species and several habitat disturbances demand the re-evaluation of its population genetics to infer evolutionary risks and assess potential changes. This work analyzed a total of 164 samples from the Cauca River collected downstream the Ituango Dam between 2019-2021 using species-specific microsatellite markers to compare the genetic diversity and structure in samples collected between 2010-2014 from the lower Magdalena-Cauca basin, previously analyzed. Our results showed a relatively stable panmictic population over time (4 to 10 years), with high genetic diversity and evidence of recent bottleneck. Promoting habitat connectivity to conserve gene flow, characterizing diversity and genetic structure over the entire basin, and integrating the results with future monitoring are important aspects for the management planning for P. magdaleniatum in the Magdalena-Cauca basin.

Animals↗