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PubMed2026

Genome assembly and subgenomic interactions in Brassica napus additional lines with an alien B05 chromosome from B. juncea.

Alien chromosome addition lines hold significant value for breeding and genetic research. However, the genetic interaction between the recipient genome(s) and the alien chromosomes remain largely unclear. Here, we analyzed the genomic composition and gene expression of two purple-leaved B. napus alien addition lines carrying chromosome B05 from B. juncea: the monosomic line ZYCB3 (MAAL, 2n = 39, AACC + 1B05) and the disomic line ZY52 (DAAL, 2n = 40, AACC + 2B05). We assembled a chromosome-level genome of the DAAL ZY52 disomic line and characterized its genomic variation and chromosome introgression patterns. In addition to chromosome B05, multiple introgressed fragments derived from the donor B. juncea line ZYJC were identified, revealing extensive genome remodeling during distant hybridization and backcross breeding. We then used multi-omics approaches to explore chromosomal interactions and the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, the addition of chromosome B05 was associated with stronger repression of homoeologous genes on C-subgenome chromosomes than on A-subgenome chromosomes. In ZY52, homoeologous genes on chromosome C01 showed reduced expression, whereas in the ZYCB3 monosomic line reduced expression was observed on both C01 and C02. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further showed that highly expressed anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (ABGs) on chromosome B05contributed to anthocyanin accumulation and the purple-leaf phenotype in both addition lines. Overall, this study provides new insights into interchromosomal interactions, genome remodeling, and phenotypic variation in alien addition lines.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Cytogenetics and genomics analysis of cold-hardy perennial wheatgrass: insights into agronomic performance, chromosome composition, and gene expression.

Intermedium wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), a perennial species with extensive root systems and high tolerance to cold, drought, and salinity, is a valuable genetic resource for the development of perennial crops. Over a decade-long selection process, two cold-hardy perennial wheatgrass lines were developed by crossing wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids with Th. intermedium. These lines inherited key traits from Th. intermedium, including plant stature, spike morphology, and postharvest regrowth. Transcriptome-based single-nucleotide polymorphism tracing and sequential multicolor genomic in situ hybridization analyses revealed variations in the chromosome compositions of the perennial wheatgrass lines. The introgression of wheat chromosomes enhanced grain weight and size, while preserving the cold-hardy, perennial characteristics of the wheatgrass lines compared to Th. intermedium. Genome-wide gene expression was generally suppressed in the wheatgrass lines relative to Th. intermedium, particularly in conserved genes. This suppression was especially pronounced in genes involved in cell division and DNA repair pathways. In contrast, genes associated with cold tolerance and the water stress response were upregulated. We identified eight cold-tolerance genes in the Th. intermedium chromosomes and validated three of them, Thint.J05G452200, Thint.J05G452300, and Thint.V05G408900, using qRT-PCR. These genes encode proteins associated with cold tolerance and are potential candidates for further functional validation. Additionally, three chromosomes from homoeologous group 6 were introgressed, carrying six genes potentially associated with superior grain traits. Among them, TraesCS6D02G287800, which encodes a specific protein, exhibited high expression levels in both wheatgrass lines, suggesting its critical role in enhancing grain traits. Our results indicate that the suppression of grass gene expression, likely due to the introgression of wheat chromosomes and the upregulation of pathways related to cold tolerance and overwintering ability, contributes to the adaptive features of the wheatgrass lines. This study provides a genomic foundation for understanding gene expression regulation in distant hybrid progeny and offers valuable insights for designing new breeding strategies for perennial wheat or wheatgrass.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed2025

Fine mapping of the dominant female sterility gene and novel model of hybrid seed production in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata).

Hybrid breeding based on male sterility requires the removal of male parents, which is time- and labor-intensive; however, the use of female sterile male parent can solve this problem. In the offspring of distant hybridization between Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus, we obtained a mutant, 5GH12-279, which not only fails to generate gynoecium (thereby causing female sterility) but also has serrated leaves that could be used as a phenotypic marker in seedling screening. Genetic analysis revealed that this trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. Further analysis revealed that Bo2g005230, an orthologous gene of LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1 (LMI1) in Arabidopsis, was predicted as the candidate gene and was renamed BoLMI1c. Sequence analysis revealed that homoeologous exchange (HE) occurred within the BoLMI1c gene body of 5GH12-279, which resulted in the generation of a novel fusion transcript. Two pairs of primers, N5230-1F/1R and N5230-2F/2R, were designed and successfully used for the identification of different genotypes of BoLMI1c. Transcriptome analysis revealed that BoLMI1c orchestrates the expression of several related biological processes and transcription factors. Furthermore, we found that self-pollination with mason bees produced no seeds in 5GH12-279, whereas the near-isogenic line 5GH12-170 produced seeds that were normal. Therefore, a new labor-saving hybrid seed production system with no need to remove the male parents, which is especially important for mechanized harvest in the future, has been proposed. Our study provides a valuable source of dominant female sterility and suggests the potential utilization of the female sterile line in hybrid breeding for mechanized harvest.

Plant Infertility↗
PubMed1979

Different manifestations of the pathogenity of some strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi.

Different cultivation and morphology characteristics were found in 10 monospore isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, obtained from yellowing and wilting plants of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The isolates of the fungus were obtained from distant geographical regions of Czechoslovakia and from various cultivars and hybrids of pea. After inoculation of roots, followed by constant conditions of incubation of the Meteor and Jupiter cultivars having their origin at the Plant-breeding Station at Luzany u Prestic, the isolates caused various symptoms of disease, each isolate showed a different degree of pathogenity. The variability of the pathogenity of the isolates depended on the host. Its manifestation, in turn, depended on the dynamics of growth and development of the pathogen as well as the host. The following symptoms could be observed during the pathogenesis: the dying of cotyledons after the contact of the main root with the inoculum, the dying of young plants (the plants usually forming two stems), wilting of young plants, yellowing of bottom leaves and wilting beginning from the bottom leaves, stunted growth, and plant deformation. The symptoms of disease are related to the changes in vascular system.

Czechoslovakia↗