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Results for “differential susceptibility”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2022

Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of Field Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae with Differential Susceptibility to Temephos: Beyond Metabolic Detoxification.

Arboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public health concerns worldwide. Arbovirus control relies on the use of insecticides to control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the success of which is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance. The work presented here profiled the gene expression of Ae. aegypti larvae from field populations of Ae. aegypti with differential susceptibility to temephos originating from two Colombian urban locations, Bello and Cúcuta, previously reported to have distinctive disease incidence, socioeconomics, and climate. We demonstrated that an exclusive field-to-lab (Ae. aegypti strain New Orleans) comparison generates an over estimation of differential gene expression (DGE) and that the inclusion of a geographically relevant field control yields a more discrete, and likely, more specific set of genes. The composition of the obtained DGE profiles is varied, with commonly reported resistance associated genes including detoxifying enzymes having only a small representation. We identify cuticle biosynthesis, ion exchange homeostasis, an extensive number of long noncoding RNAs, and chromatin modelling among the differentially expressed genes in field resistant Ae. aegypti larvae. It was also shown that temephos resistant larvae undertake further gene expression responses when temporarily exposed to temephos. The results from the sampling triangulation approach here contribute a discrete DGE profiling with reduced noise that permitted the observation of a greater gene diversity, increasing the number of potential targets for the control of insecticide resistant mosquitoes and widening our knowledge base on the complex phenotypic network of the Ae. aegypti response to insecticides.

Aedes↗
PubMed1979

Differential susceptibility of peripheral nerves of the hen to triorthocresyl phosphate and to trauma.

The nerve fibres of largest diameter and of greatest length are considered to be the most vulnerable to triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP). In this study, the differential vulnerability of the particular sciatic nerve branches was determined in the course of TOCP neuropathy and of Wallerian degeneration. The branch innervating the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, made up predominantly of large-diameter fibres, proved most susceptible to TOCP. By contrast, after proximal sciatic-nerve transection, degeneration commenced in the lateral nerve of the third digit, containing long nerve fibres of small diameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Differential susceptibility of human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations to mitogenic activation. Influence of methylprednisolone.

The inhibition of the mitogenic activation of human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations by methylprednisolone (MP) was dependent on the mitogen used. Purified human T cells were more sensitive to the effects of MP than were B cells or PBLs, especially when these cells were activated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). MP did not function by inhibiting binding of mitogen to the cell surface. After being mitogenically activated, human lymphocytes were resistant to the effects of MP. These effects of MP were shown to be reversible. Monocytes did not provide a significant degree of protection to mitogenically activated human T cells incubated with MP. These data suggest that MP-induced inhibition of the mitogenic activation of human PBLs may be a reflection of lymphocyte heterogeneity, and that the differential sensitivity of PBLs to MP may be used to isolate functionally different subpopulations of these cells.

Classification↗
PubMed1977

Differential susceptibility of the embryo to inorganic lead during periimplantation in the mouse.

The effect of intravenously administered inorganic lead on periimplantation period of embryonic development in the mouse was investigated with light microscopy. Three developmental stages were studied: the attachment of the blastocyst, the invasion of the trophoblast and the formation of the primitive streak. All three stages were affected, but the stage of invasion was found to be the most susceptible to lead as determined by decrease in frequency of animals with normal embryos.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1977

Differential susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis to mouse urine and to urea.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the antimicrobial properties of mouse urine and of urea against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Nornal urine was found to inhibit the growth of E. coli and P. mirabilis, whereas urine from diuresing animals permitted multiplication of these bacteria. Addition of urea to urine from diuresing animals restored its bactericidal effect on P. mirabilis but not on E. coli. This bactericidal effect on P. mirabilis was dependent on the additive action of high content of urea and high pH and was prevented by the addition of urease inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Differential susceptibilities of DNA polymerases-alpha and -beta to polyanions.

The effects of various polyanions including synthetic polynucleotides on DNApolymerases-alpha and -beta from blastulae of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and HeLa cells were studied. Only DNA polymerase-alpha was inhibited by polyanions, such as polyvinyl sufate, dextran sulfate, heparin, poly(G), poly(I), poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib). Of the various polynucleotides tested, poly(G) and poly(I) were the strongest inhibitors. Kinetic studies showed that the Ki value for poly(G) was 0.3 microgram/ml and that poly(G) had 20-fold higher affinity than activated DNA for the template-primer site of DNA polymerase-alpha. Poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib) were also inhibitory, but they were one hundredth as inhibitory as poly(G) or poly(I). Poly(A), poly(C), poly(A).poly(U) AND POLY(I).poly(C) were not inhibitory to DNA polymerase-alpha. In contrast, DNA olymerase-beta was not affected at all by these polyanions under the same conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Differential susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum to free fatty acids.

The susceptibility of 98 Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum strains isolated from acne cases and appropriate reference strains to decanoic, dodecanoic, octadeca-9,12 dienoic, and octadeca-9,12,15 trienoic acids was investigated using minimal inhibitory concentration estimation by an agar dilution techique. The tested acids showed their relative antibacterial activity in the following order: C18:3 delta 9,12,15 greater than C18:2 delta 9,12 greater than C12:0 greater than C10:0 Differences between minimal inhibitory concentration values for P. acnes, and P. avidum versus P. granulosum strains were demonstrated in the cases of octadeca-9,12 dienoic, and octadeca-9,12,15 trienoic acids.

Decanoic Acids↗
PubMed1977

Differential susceptibility of spleen focus-forming virus and murine leukemia viruses to ansamycin antibiotics.

The streptovaricin complex (SvCx) and rifamycin SV derivatives display potent antiviral activity against the polycythemic strain of Friend leukemia virus (FV-P), as measured by a reduction in the number of spleen foci produced in mice. Such reductions may be explained by inactivation of functions of (i) the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), (ii) its "helper" murine leukemia virus (MuLV), or (iii) both viruses normally present in FV-P. We noted that preincubation of FV-P with fractionation products of SvCx, or derivatives of rifamycin SV, at low concentrations (3 to 5 mug/ml) reduces the number of spleen foci 80 to 97%, whereas titers of MuLV (from the same inoculum) remain unaffected (MuLV titers were measured by XC, S(+)L(-), and "helper activity" assays). Our findings indicate a remarkable biological selectivity of ansamycins, as well as nonansamycin components of SvCx, against the transforming and defective spleen focus-forming virus as compared to MuLV. Thus, the drugs might be useful in distinguishing other types of oncornaviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Differential susceptibility of indole-positive and -negative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefazolin, choramphenicol and tetracycline.

Biochemical properties and antibiotic susceptibilities of 168 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested. On the basis of the indole reaction, 30 isolates (18%) were indole-positive and 138 isolates (82%) were indole-negative. A significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility was found in each of the two groups of isolates. Of the indole-negative isolates, 82.6% were susceptible to cefazolin at 6.25 microgram/ml or lower, while the indole-positive isolates varied in susceptibility to cefazolin. All of the indole-positive isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, but the indole-negative isolates varied in their susceptibility to these antibiotics. Whereas there was no relationship between indole production and susceptibility to cephalothin among the K. pneumoniae isolates studied, it appeared that there was a correlation between the indole reaction and susceptibility to cefazolin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

Cefazolin↗