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Results for “developmental delay”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Unknown syndrome in sibs: pili torti, growth delay, developmental delay, and mild neurological abnormalities.

We present male and female sibs of consanguineous parents with features including pili torti with unusual hair shaft electron microscopic (EM) findings, growth delay, developmental delay, and mild to moderate neurological abnormalities. The features of the cases presented here have not been noted in the previously reported clinical syndromes in which pili torti may be found.

Argininosuccinic Acid↗
PubMed1989

The status of the corpus luteum during pregnancy in Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with emphasis on its role in developmental delay.

Developmental delay is correlated with torpor in the temperate zone bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (latitude 37 degrees S) as a period of pre-implantation delay (delayed implantation) followed by a short post-implantation delay (delayed development). During this time, the number of steroidogenic organelles in luteal cytoplasm is greatly reduced compared with normal embryogenesis, and granular endoplasmic reticulum is prominent. Nidation, which occurs while the animals are hibernating, is not accompanied by marked changes in luteal ultrastructure, although the number of lipid droplets decreases somewhat. Progesterone rises slightly but not significantly; however, a pre-nidation decrease in high 17 beta-estradiol levels may play a role in implantation. Following implantation, the conceptus remains delayed at the blastocyst stage for several weeks. During this time the bats remain torpid and the only change in luteal cell ultrastructure is an increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum as differentiation begins toward the trilaminar stage. At the end of developmental delay hypertrophy of the luteal cell begins and mitochondria and lipid droplets increase, markedly. By this time arousal from hibernation has occurred, placentation takes place and normal development is underway. At placentation, smooth endoplasmic reticulum reaches its maximum in luteal cytoplasm; estrogen and progesterone levels peak about 6 weeks later. For the remaining 2 months of gestation, signs of luteolysis appear. These observations suggest that the corpus luteum of developmental delay, though sub-optimally functional, is prolonged in its luteinization by the arrival of winter when the bats enter torpor. The capacity for maximal steroidogenesis is acquired at the end of winter, some weeks after implantation, when arousal occurs and normal development ensues.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Assessment and management of the developmentally delayed infant in primary care.

Developmental delay is common, and early identification is important. This article discusses the nurse practitioner's role in the assessment and management of the developmentally delayed infant. Assessment procedures and tools are described. Current controversies regarding early assessment and intervention are discussed. Research on early intervention programs for both the environmentally deprived and the biologically impaired infant is reviewed, and guidelines for the evaluation of these programs are given. Management issues and the nurse practitioner's role in the ongoing care of these infants are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Social skills and their correlates: preschoolers with developmental delays.

Fifteen preschool-age children with mild mental retardation (developmental delays) from mainstreamed schools were observed during two structured play sessions with matched peers without mental retardation. Children with developmental delays spent more time alone and when they played, showed less social play. The two groups did not differ on communication behaviors that maintained play or in negative affect; however, the children with developmental delays evidenced more disruptive entry, more regressive behaviors, and less positive affect. Families were interviewed concerning their attitudes about, and teaching of, social skills. For the children without mental retardation, level of social play was positively related to the family's teaching and the child's communication abilities. For the children with delays, social play related to developmental age and communication ability but not to family teaching.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Developmental delay in offspring of parents with affective disorders and depression: psycho-social sequels or a constitutional state?

At an early age, offspring of parents with affective disorders and long-lasting depression exhibited elevated rates of psychomotor and language delay, behavior problems and a greater need for somatic psychiatric care compared to matched control children (Harjan 1988, I, II, III). The present report analyses the problem of these children regarding psychomotor and language delay (PMLD) seen in a great number of children and somewhat more often in boys compared with those without this handicap. The study shows that children with PMLD of parents with affective disorders and long-lasting depression differ from those without PMLD with respect to early behavior problems, need for child psychiatric care during latency, and they are loaded by more broken homes and longer stay in pediatric wards. The two groups are similar in aspects of low social standing, mean parental age, perinatal risk factors, delayed somatic growth, incidence of psychiatric registrations and rate and nature of somatic disorders. The developmental delay may be a hereditary disturbance either related to affective disorder or to a concomitant factor, or the developmental delay may relate to the adverse environmental situation. It is also obvious that simultaneous parental illness, social breakdown and genetic constitution form a critical multifactoral loading on the child. The high rate of developmental delay among offspring of parents with affective disorders stresses the importance of giving attention to the children of parents with affective disorders and long-lasting depression. The developmental delay per se is an important disorder for early behavior problems and need for child and youth psychiatric care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Study on the relationship between toddler temperament and development (second report)--the relationship between toddler temperament and developmental delay].

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between toddler temperament and developmental delay, and to examine whether the result could be adapted to the health practice of mother and child. As the conceptual framework, we used A. J. Sameroff's transactional model. Questionnaires concerning toddler temperament, rearing environment and toddler development were sent to mothers whose children were scheduled to receive 1 year and 6 months child health examinations, and collected 306 responses. We assessed the developmental status of 41 children among the 306 by means of the Japanese edition of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. All 306 children were classified into either the developmental delayed group (30) or the normal group (275). The data analyses were conducted both quantitatively and qualitatively with the following results. Compared with normal children, developmentally delayed children showed these characteristics: (1) The temperamental category scores of adaptability and persistence were higher, indicating low adaptability and persistence. The prevalence of difficult child, slow to warm up (STWU) child and intermediate high child was relatively higher, with STWU child the highest. (2) The score for the rearing environment was lower. (3) There were cases where disagreement between a child's temperament and the mother's rearing behavior had an influence on the child's development. As a conclusion, these results indicate that a child's temperament must be considered developmental and child-rearing counseling in child health examinations.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Do parental questions and topic continuations elicit replies from developmentally delayed children? A sequential analysis.

This sequential analysis tested the relative extent to which several adult utterance types elicited conversational replies from developmentally delayed children. Eight developmentally delayed children in Brown's stages I and II and their primary parents were the subjects. Parent-child pairs were video and audio taped during their interactions with experimenter-provided toys in a lab setting. Transcripts of the interactions were coded for adult topic relatedness and obligation level and for child topic relatedness, length, and intelligibility. The results indicated that child replies of any length were elicited by adult topic continuations more than by any other adult utterance type. If a new topic was initiated, explicit prompts for child talk elicited child replies more than other adult utterance types. Multiword child replies were most likely to be elicited by explicit prompts that continued the child's topic. Child effects on the presence and effectiveness of adult conversational recruiting strategies were also tested.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of elective mute behavior in two developmentally delayed children using modeling and contingency management.

Most classification schemes differentiate elective mutism from language problems seen in the developmentally delayed population. Two preschool developmentally delayed children were treated for speech reluctance using modeling and contingency management. Employing a multiple baseline across therapists, it was found that these treatment components were effective in increasing frequency of labeling behavior in both children. Results were maintained at follow-up. Generalization to new words and to spontaneous speech were also noted, and suggest that characteristics of elective mutism in this population may be similar to what is found in the general population.

Child Language↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of constant time delay and the system of least prompts in teaching preschoolers with developmental delays.

This investigation compared the effectiveness and efficiency (sessions, errors, percent of errors, and minutes of instructional time through criterion) of constant time delay and the system of least prompts in teaching sight words to developmentally delayed preschoolers. Maintenance of sight words and generalization across instructors and materials were assessed. Also, students' acquisition of relationships between the target behavior and previously learned information were assessed. Two sessions were conducted each day in their classroom, one with each procedure. Two of the children were taught 16 words and one child learned 12 words. The parallel treatments design was used to assess the effectiveness of the two instructional strategies. The results indicated that (a) both strategies produced criterion level responding in the instructional setting, (b) constant time delay resulted in fewer total trials, errors, percent of errors, and minutes of direct instructional time through criterion than the system of least prompts, (c) both strategies produced criterion-level responding that maintained in 1-, 3- and 5-week follow-up probes, (d) both strategies resulted in generalization across instructors and materials, and (e) both strategies resulted in cross-modal generalization from expressive to receptive, receptive and expressive identification of the words' function or action, and matching the written word to a photograph of its referent.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

Child developmental delay and socio-economic disadvantage in Australia: a longitudinal study.

Socio-economic inequalities in adult and child health in Australia have been an issue of national concern. While a large body of data has discussed adult health, there have been relatively few Australian reports of socio-economic inequalities in child health. This occurs in a context where there have been increases in the proportion of Australian children living in poverty and where there has been an increased interest in child developmental delay as an indicator of child health status. This paper reports the result of a longitudinal study of pregnancy outcomes and one indicator of child health, namely child developmental delay. Three indicators of socio-economic status (chronic socio-economic disadvantage, mother's education, family income) were used to predict child developmental delays observed some 5 1/2 years after the study commenced. Mothers who had the lowest socio-economic status (using any of the indicators) had substantially higher rates of children manifesting developmental delays.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Comparability of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale--survey form with infants evaluated for developmental delay.

The Vineland Social Maturity Scale and its revision, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-Survey Form, were evaluated with infants referred for suspected developmental delay. Since the latter is being used more often by psychologists in evaluation and placement of children in the age group of birth to two years, comparative studies must ensure appropriate placement of children observed to have developmental delays. The present study indicated significantly higher over-all adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-Survey Form for 33 black and 11 white infants of mean age 12 mo. than on the original Vineland scales. Substituting the Survey Form for the original Vineland scales when evaluating developmentally delayed infants is questionable. These results are also noteworthy in that children whose Vineland Social Maturity scaled scores make them eligible for special services would be excluded if the revised form were used in the evaluation process.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In utero PCB/PCDF exposure: relation of developmental delay to dysmorphology and dose.

In 1979, there was an outbreak of food poisoning in central Taiwan due to cooking oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and their thermal degradation products. Starting in 1985, we studied 128 children born to exposed women after the oil was removed from the market; the exposure of these children was transplacental or through breast milk. We also studied matched controls. The exposed children exhibited developmental delays as measured by parental report, by neurologic examination, and by standard cognitive tests; delay was seen at all ages and persisted over time. Delay was greater in children who were smaller in size and in children who had exhibited neonatal symptoms of intoxication. Children with a history of nail deformity also were delayed. However, there was little relationship between other physical findings or measures of maternal exposure and developmental delay. There was some indication that the child's prenatal exposure was more important to developmental delay than was exposure through breast milk.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2025

Loss-of-Function CARS1 Variants in a Patient With Microcephaly, Developmental Delay, and a Brittle Hair Phenotype.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS1) have been implicated in a multisystem disease including microcephaly, developmental delay, and brittle hair and nail phenotypes. METHODS: Here, we present a patient with hepatopathy, hypothyroidism, short stature, developmental delay, microcephaly, muscular hypotonia, brittle hair, and ataxia. The patient underwent exome sequencing to identify potentially pathogenic genetic variants. In addition, identified variants were assessed using yeast complementation assays to determine functional consequences. RESULTS: Exome sequencing determined that the patient is compound heterozygous for p.Arg341His and p.Arg370Trp CARS1. Yeast complementation assays showed that the p.Arg341His variant has a hypomorphic effect and that the p.Arg370Trp variant causes a complete loss-of-function effect. CONCLUSION: This study is the second report of pathogenic CARS1 variants and expands the allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity of CARS1-associated disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Brief screening for developmentally delayed preschoolers.

23 preschool boys and girls with developmental delays were administered the Peabody-A, Riley Design, McCarthy Designs, and the Riley human figure. Correlations among scores ranged from .58 to .80 suggesting preliminary screening might be undertaken by a qualified teacher though this sample was very small and special.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of partial inpatient treatment of preschool children with behavior disorders and developmental delay].

In a sample of 55 preschool children, four to seven years of age, treated by a therapeutic day-treatment programme up to 3;4 years, developmental delays and behavioral disorders, rated by parents and preschool teachers, were assessed every five months until discharge. Developmental delays and behavioral disorders were reduced clinically and statistically significant between onset of treatment and discharge. This result could also be verified preponderantly by analysing several measurement points in parts of the sample with different treatment durations. Comparing changes during a waiting period of one year at most with changes during a waiting period of one year at most with changes during day-treatment of equal duration, treatment effects could be verified at least as a tendency for changes in behavior problems but not for developmental abilities due to methodological problems.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2023

De novo missense variants in ZBTB47 are associated with developmental delays, hypotonia, seizures, gait abnormalities, and variable movement abnormalities.

The collection of known genetic etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders continues to increase, including several syndromes associated with defects in zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZNFs) that vary in clinical severity from mild learning disabilities and developmental delay to refractory seizures and severe autism spectrum disorder. Here we describe a new neurodevelopmental disorder associated with variants in ZBTB47 (also known as ZNF651), which encodes zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 47. Exome sequencing (ES) was performed for five unrelated patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. All five patients are heterozygous for a de novo missense variant in ZBTB47, with p.(Glu680Gly) (c.2039A>G) detected in one patient and p.(Glu477Lys) (c.1429G>A) identified in the other four patients. Both variants impact conserved amino acid residues. Bioinformatic analysis of each variant is consistent with pathogenicity. We present five unrelated patients with de novo missense variants in ZBTB47 and a phenotype characterized by developmental delay with intellectual disability, seizures, hypotonia, gait abnormalities, and variable movement abnormalities. We propose that these variants in ZBTB47 are the basis of a new neurodevelopmental disorder.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Developmental delay of school beginners with resulting partial performance limitations].

There is an incomplete degree of school maturity in approximately ten per cent of our school beginners because of developmental delays which may have genetic or psychosocial causes or may be caused by an infantile cerebral dysfunction. A consequence of these developmental delays are the partial disturbances of performance frequently resulting in failure at school. An early registration of the partial disturbances of performance is important for the prognosis of these children in order to prevent the development of secondary unbalanced behaviour. Moreover an after maturation of the damaged cerebral centres can be reached by early support.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Correlates of maternal directiveness with children who are developmentally delayed.

Interactions between 25 mothers and their children with developmental delays were correlated to determine the relationships between maternal directiveness and a) maternal behavior regarded as developmentally facilitative, b) maternal intrusiveness, and c) child developmental competence and behavioral engagement. The findings, many of which challenge common conceptions about the nature and role of maternal directiveness, are discussed in relation to these conceptions and to the potential role of directiveness in the development of children with handicaps.

Adult↗