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Results for “coronary artery calcification”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The significance of coronary artery calcification seen by roentgenoscopy (author's transl)].

The detection of coronary artery calcification by roentgenoscopy is an important hint at possible ischemic heart disease. By the advent of image intensification and magnification, this examination can easily be performed. If no calcifications are visible, an ischemic heart disease must not be excluded. The presence of calcification in the coronary arteries however strongly favours the diagnosis of arteriosclerotic heart disease. The roentgenoscopical search of coronary calcification is considered to be a valuable procedure since it is inexpensive, noninvasive and widely applicable.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Noninvasive diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy by fluoroscopic detection of coronary artery calcification.

Twenty-four patients with severe congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly in whom the presence or absence of significant coronary disease could not be ascertained clinically underwent fluoroscopy for coronary artery calcification prior to cardiac catheterization. Ten of the patients were found to have significant coronary artery disease, and 14 had normal coronary arteriograms. Coronary artery calcification was found in all ten patients with significant coronary disease, and was absent in all of those patients with normal coronary arteriograms. We conclude that fluoroscopy for coronary artery calcification provides a reliable noninvasive method for differentiating ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The prognostic significance of coronary artery calcification seen on fluoroscopy.

Fluoroscopic detection of coronary artery calcification (C.A.C.) has no prognostic significance. Of 440 patients screened 78 were found to have C.A.C. The five year survival of this group was the same as that of a control group. Age, sex, distribution, and extent were also without significance. Improved equipment available today allows recognition of smaller areas of calcification which may have clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Proteomic Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotypes and Coronary Artery Calcification Burden in Ever Smokers.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases cardiovascular disease risk. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in COPD. We hypothesized that plasma proteins linked to pulmonary phenotypes mediate CAC burden. METHODS: Pulmonary function, emphysema, airway wall thickening, Agatston CAC scores (inverse normal transformed), and relative abundance of 1305 plasma proteins (log-transformed) were assessed in 989 Phase 1 COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of COPD) participants. Proteins associated with both pulmonary phenotypes (FEV1[forced expiratory volume in 1 second]%predicted, FVC [forced vital capacity], FEV1/FVC, emphysema, airway wall thickness, wall area percentage) and CAC (false discovery rate P≤0.20) were evaluated using multivariable mediation. Model adjustments included sex, age, race, body mass index, smoking, comorbidities, and medications. Adjustment for pulmonary artery-to-aortic diameter ratio-a marker of pulmonary vascular pressure-was also explored. The95% bootstrap CIs that excluded zero were considered significant. RESULTS: FEV1%predicted (P=0.026) and FEV1/FVC (P=0.010) were associated with CAC. After adjusting for FEV1, visual emphysema, and visual airway wall thickening remained associated with CAC. Five proteins (TSP2 [thrombospondin-2], renin, MMP-7 [matrix metalloproteinase-7], ERBB1 [epidermal growth factor receptor], MIC-1 [macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1]) mediated the FEV1%predicted and CAC association. All except MIC-1 mediated FEV1/FVC and CAC. All except renin mediated quantitative airway wall thickness or wall area percentage and CAC. Additionally, α2-antiplasmin (alpha-2 antiplasmin) mediated airway wall thickness and CAC. ERBB1 mediated visual paraseptal emphysema and CAC. Pulmonary artery-to-aortic diameter ratio adjustment reduced or eliminated some mediation effects. ERBB1 remained an independent mediator across multiple phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Six plasma proteins mediated associations between COPD phenotypes and CAC burden. These effects were partially influenced by pulmonary artery-to-aortic diameter ratio A, suggesting shared molecular pathways linking lung dysfunction to cardiovascular risk in COPD.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Chest film detection of coronary artery calcification. The value of the CAC triangle.

Eighty-six adult patients were studied by PA chest film and fluoroscopy for coronary artery calcification (CAC). A triangular area (CAC triangle) along the left mid-heart border of the PA chest film was used in identifying CAC. Of 57 patients, 24 (42%) with CAC observed fluoroscopically had a strongly suspected or positive CAC triangle. The CAC triangle in the PA chest film has proved useful in identifying coronary artery calcification on the plain film.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Correlation of fluoroscopically detected coronary artery calcification with exercise stress testing in asymptomatic men.

Cardiac fluoroscopy followed by a submaximal exercise electrocardiogram was used to evaluate 129 healthy men (average age 49 p 6) for assessment of possible latent ischemic heart disease in an asymptomatic population. Of 108 subjects who completed the exercise protocol, 37 (34%) had at least one fluoroscopically detected calcified coronary artery. Of the 16 subjects with a positive exercise stress test, 13 (81%) had calcification of at least one coronary artery, Thirteen of 37 (35%) with calcification had a positive exercise test. Those with calcification of at least one coronary artery had a ninefold increased risk of a positive exercise stress test (p less than 0.0001). The location of a calcific deposit conferred greater risk of exercise-induced ischemic changes than did multivessel involvement. Forty-seven per cent of men with calcification in the left anterior descending coronary artery had an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram vs. 33% and 16% of persons with left circumflex and right coronary artery calcifications, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Coronary calcification and luminal diameter in coronary disease (author's transl)].

Two hundred and thirty-six patients with coronary heart disease were examined by coronary angiography and laevo-cardiography. In 111 patients (47%) there was coronary artery calcification. Of these, 108 patients (97%) showed abnormal findings on the coronary angiogram; in 72 patients (67%) coronary stenosis was greater than or equal to 50% of the lumen. The severity of the stenoses increased with the amount of calcification. There were only three false positive findings and the presence of coronary calcification indicates coronary sclerosis with a high degree of probability. Fluoroscopy is the simplest and most sensitive method of examination and is of great value in the non-invasive investigation of coronary sclerosis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1976

Pathology of acute myocardial infarction with particular reference to occlusive coronary thrombi.

Analysis of the pathological findings in 500 cases of fatal acute myocardial infarction showed that in 469 this was localized to one transmural area of the left ventricle; in 31 there was diffuse subendocardial necrosis. In the former occlusive coronary thrombus was found in the related artery in 95 per cent of cases. Variation in the percentage of occlusions found was noted between different prosectors and when coronary artery calcification was present. Only 4 of the 31 patients with subendocardial necrosis had recent occlusion; triple vessel disease was common in this group suggesting general failure of coronary perfusion. It is essential in necropsy studies of the relation of coronary thrombosis to myocardial infarction to be sure that muscle necrosis is present, to distinguish the two forms of myocardial necrosis, and to employ a meticulous dissection technique with decalcification of the arteries when necessary.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Coronary calcification in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Clinical, postmortem and angiographic studies of coronary calcification are reviewed to define the value of fluoroscopy in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. Autopsy studies consistently show a unique association between calcification of the coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. The relation of coronary calcification to the presence of major stenosis is more variable but is strong enough to be of clinical value, particularly in the younger subject. The diagnostic value of fluoroscopy can be improved by attention to the detailed features of calcification observed with the technique. Combined use of fluoroscopy and exercise testing appears to be a valid and as yet unexploited approach to the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary stenosis. Fluoroscopy has been a neglected method of noninvasive diagnosis and is sufficiently promising to warrant greater clinical use.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1977

Medial calcinosis of Mönckeberg. A review of the problem and a description of a patient with involvement of peripheral, visceral and coronary arteries.

Massive medial calcific deposits (Mönckeberg's calcinosis) are described in the peripheral and visceral arteries, and similar but small-sized deposits in the coronary arteries of a 41 year old woman with diabetes mellitus. Although observed by roentgenogram fairly commonly during life in the muscular arteries of the legs in middle-aged men, medial calcinosis infrequently involves the visceral arteries and has never, to our knowledge, been documented in the coronary arteries. Although it may be associated with intimal atherosclerosis, medial calcinosis, per se, does not obstruct the lumens of the arteries and, therefore, does not lead to symptoms or signs of limb or organ ischemia. The cause of medial calcinosis remains a mystery, but it appears to affect people with diabetes more frequently than those without.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Systemic stress in the production of cardiac thrombosis in hypercholesterolaemic rats.

An experimental study to elucidate the effects of feeding a high fat diet, hypercholesterolaemia and superadded acute and chronic stress on the production of cardiac thrombosis was carried out in rats. The high fat diet contained 25 percent butter rat providing 45 percent calories from fat which produced significant increase of serum cholesterol and other lipids. Acute stress was induced by two injections of adrenaline on a single day which caused a marked transient alteration of haemodynamics. Chronic stress was of two types, physical and metabolic. The physical stress was induced by repeated exposure of the rats to electric shock or roller drum exercise, while metabolic stress was caused by repeated injection of ACTH. Rats of both acute and chronic stress groups showed variable degree of medial degeneration, hyaline and fibrinoid intimal deposits and calcification in coronary arteries. Cardiac thrombi were seen in 30 percent animals subjected to adrenaline shock. Among the chronic stress procedure 17 percent rats exposed to electric shock and only one rat of the ACTH group developed cardiac thrombosis but no thrombus was detected in those exposed to roller drum exercise. The myocardium showed patchy necrosis with or without calcification, Spontaneous mortality was maximum following acute adrenaline shock (25 %) while electric shock caused mortality in 17 percent animals. The other procedures did not lead to spontaneous mortality. This study highlights the significant role of high fat intake, hypercholesterolaemia and systemic stress in the pathogenesis of acute cardiac thrombosis and myocardial necrosis/infarction.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2022

Abdominal aortic calcification on lateral spine images captured during bone density testing and late-life dementia risk in older women: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Dementia after the age of 80 years (late-life) is increasingly common due to vascular and non-vascular risk factors. Identifying individuals at higher risk of late-life dementia remains a global priority. METHODS: In prospective study of 958 ambulant community-dwelling older women (≥70 years), lateral spine images (LSI) captured in 1998 (baseline) from a bone density machine were used to assess abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). AAC was classified into established categories (low, moderate and extensive). Cardiovascular risk factors and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping were evaluated. Incident 14.5-year late-life dementia was identified from linked hospital and mortality records. FINDINGS: At baseline women were 75.0 ± 2.6 years, 44.7% had low AAC, 36.4% had moderate AAC and 18.9% had extensive AAC. Over 14.5- years, 150 (15.7%) women had a late-life dementia hospitalisation (n = 132) and/or death (n = 58). Compared to those with low AAC, women with moderate and extensive AAC were more likely to suffer late-life dementia hospitalisations (9.3%, 15.5%, 18.3%, respectively) and deaths (2.8%, 8.3%, 9.4%, respectively). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and APOE, women with moderate and extensive AAC had twice the relative hazards of late-life dementia (moderate, aHR 2.03 95%CI 1.38-2.97; extensive, aHR 2.10 95%CI 1.33-3.32), compared to women with low AAC. INTERPRETATION: In community-dwelling older women, those with more advanced AAC had higher risk of late-life dementia, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and APOE genotype. Given the widespread use of bone density testing, simultaneously capturing AAC information may be a novel, non-invasive, scalable approach to identify older women at risk of late-life dementia. FUNDING: Kidney Health Australia, Healthway Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Research Advisory Committee Grant, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

AAC, abdominal aortic calcification↗
PubMed1979

CT demonstration of cardiac structures.

Cross-sectional cardiac anatomy was studied by computed tomography (CT) in normal patients and in patients with well documented cardiac pathology. Specific cardiac chambers, aortic and pulmonary artery enlargement, ventricular aneurysms, coronary artery, and intracardiac calcifications were demonstrated using a 3 sec scan time with and without intravenous iodinated contrast media. Although CT imaging of the heart is in its infancy, the clarity with which cardiac chambers and other structures were visualized is encouraging and suggests the potential value of CT scanning for detecting significant intracardiac pathology on routine thoracic CT scans.

Aortography↗