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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Heterogeneity of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) and albumin containing cells in normal and pathological permissive states for AFP production: AFP containing cells induced in adult rats recapitulate the appearance of AFP containing hepatocytes in fetal rats.

The cellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin (ALB) in permissive states for AFP synthesis has been examined. The cells containing AFP associated with permissive states in the adult are similar in appearance to cells that are present during the development of fetal liver. In fetal liver, AFP is seen in most developing hepatocytes ranging from small 'oval' like cells to larger dividing hepatocytes and in cells organized in glandular structures. Following exposure to some chemical hepatocarcinogens, AFP can also be seen in small 'oval' cells, ductal-like cells, and larger atypical hepatocytes that form glandular-like structures. Following partial hepatectomy or galactosamine-induced live injury, AFP is seen in a few large parenchymal cells usually containing identifiable chromatin Cells which contain AFP almost always contain ALB as well, but for each cell type there are many more ALB containing cells than AFP containing cells. ALB and AFP containing hepatoma cells are more frequently located adjacent to tumor vessels and AFP production by hepatoma 777 in vitro is associated with the growth state of the tumor. The AFP containing cells that are seen during restitutive proliferation most likely arise from deregulation of proliferating adult hepatocytes. The non-hepatoma AFP containing cells that appear early during carcinogenesis may arise in the adult by retrodifferentiation of hepatocytes or by proliferation of stem cells. These morphologically different AFP containing cells may or may not be precursors of the hepatocellular carcinomas which develop later.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study on the effects of a monophasic pill containing desogestrel plus 20 micrograms ethinylestradiol, a triphasic combination containing levonorgestrel and a monophasic combination containing gestodene on coagulatory factors.

The changes in haemostasis during oral contraception are related to the ethinylestradiol dose present in the formulation taken by the patient. An open, randomized longitudinal study was performed to evaluate and compare the effects that low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing different doses of ethinylestradiol exert on the haemostatic system. Eighty-nine healthy women, aged 18-45 years, were randomly assigned to treatment with 3 different OCs: a monophasic pill containing 30 micrograms of ethinylestradiol plus 75 micrograms of gestodene (GSD/30) (30 subjects), a triphasic pill containing levonorgestrel (TRI/LNG) (28 subjects), a monophasic pill containing 20 micrograms ethinylestradiol plus 150 micrograms of desogestrel (DOG/20) (31 subjects). From every woman, blood samples were collected before treatment and at the 3rd and 6th cycle of pill intake. The number of platelets significantly increased (p less than 0.01) during treatment with TRI/LNG. Fibrinogen plasma values were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) only in women treated with the preparation GSD/30. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) plasma levels significantly increased (p less than 0.01) during treatment with the pills TRI/LNG and GSD/30, but the levels of FPA were unchanged in the group treated with DOG/20. The overall results of this study confirm that the effects of OCs on haemostasis are dependent on the ethinylestradiol dose. Moreover, they suggest that with reduction of the ethinylestradiol component to 20 micrograms, the effects of OCs on haemostasis seem to be virtually eliminated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Neurons of origin of zinc-containing pathways and the distribution of zinc-containing boutons in the hippocampal region of the rat.

Recent methods allow the study of neurons that contain zinc in synaptic vesicles of their boutons (Timm-stainable boutons) by the intravital precipitation (local or throughout the CNS) of the vesicular zinc with selenium compounds and its subsequent retrograde transport to the parent neurons, where the precipitate can be silver enhanced. The present study is a description of the distribution of zinc-containing neurons, their possible connections and their terminal fields within the hippocampal region of the rat. Problems inherent to the methods are addressed. Finally, based on the results and a review of literature, the possible function of zinc in the hippocampal region is considered. Neurons which contain silver-enhanced precipitates were observed in layers II, V and VI of the lateral entorhinal area and in layers V and VI of the medial entorhinal area. In the parasubiculum, labeled cells were seen in layer II/III of the parasubiculum a and in layer V. Labeled cells in the presubiculum were concentrated in layers III and V, in the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer and the dentate granule cell layer, but neurons containing precipitates were largely absent from the subiculum. Zinc-containing axonal boutons defined subpopulations within principal hippocampal neuron populations. Within layer II of the lateral entorhinal cortex and the pyramidal cell layer for regio inferior deeply situated neurons were labeled, whereas superficially placed pyramidal cells were labeled in regio superior. The neuropil staining described in the present study corresponded to that found in earlier studies. However, glial and vascular staining or unspecific background were largely absent, and the neuropil staining could unequivocally be identified light microscopically. Methodological problems are most prominently reflected in unstained mossy fibers in some animals. Based on series from animals treated with decreasing doses of sodium selenite and increased survival times, this problem can be related to small amounts of circulating reactive selenium and a competition of zinc compartments (vesicles) for the selenium. Staining will fail where the competition prevents individual compartments from reaching a threshold amount of zinc precipitate for silver amplification. A guide to evaluate histological material is provided. The distribution of zinc-containing boutons and their cells of origin indicate that zinc-containing and zinc-negative projections are not organized as parallel pathways. The mossy fibers provide an example of a pure zinc-containing pathway. Projections from regio superior to the dorsal presubiculum are likely to be zinc-negative while projections from the same area to the subiculum are zinc-containing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides from mycobacteria: structures of the oligosaccharide segments and recognition of a unique N-acylkanosamine-containing epitope.

The structures of the oligosaccharide segments of nine trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Mycobacterium kansasii have been established by positive and negative fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, acetolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analyses, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Upon acetolysis, all produce the alpha,alpha-trehalose-containing tetraglucose (Glc4) "core" -beta-D-Glcp(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp(1----1)-alpha-D-Gl cp. The simplest (LOS I') contains an additional alpha 1----3-linked 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnopyranose (3-O-Me-L-Rhap) unit; those of intermediate complexity (LOS I-III) contain an additional D-xylopyranose (D-Xylp) residue or xylobiose in beta 1----4 linkage; and those of ultimate complexity (LOS IV-VIII) contain further D-Xylp residues and the distal N-acylkanosamine- (KanNAcyl) and fucopyranosyl- (Fucp) containing disaccharide KanNAcyl(1----3)Fucp. Thus, the structure of the oligosaccharide from LOS VII is KanNAcyl(1----3)Fucp(1----4) [-beta-D-Xylp(1----4)]6-alpha-L-3-O-Me-Rhap(1----3)Glc4++ +. Polyclonal rabbit and murine monoclonal antibodies react only with the more complex KanNAcyl-Fucp-containing lipooligosaccharides, indicating that the KanNAcyl distal end, not the trehalose end, contains the antibody binding site unique to M. kansasii and is responsible for the serological distinctiveness of M. kansasii among mycobacterial species.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1979

Infusion rates from different containers. A study of the influence of different types of container on intravenous infusion.

Different types of containers were investigated under standardised conditions to determine whether their design affected the rate of flow of the intravenous solution they contained. Fully collapsible plastic containers were found to empty fastest, with bottles intermediate, while semi-rigid plastic containers were slowest, particularly over the last 20% of their contents. Low flow rates were found to coincide with a high sub-atmospheric pressure within the container, being greatest in the semi-rigid containers and least in the fully collapsible containers. It is suggested, therefore, that resuscitation fluids should be supplied in fully collapsible containers which have an inherent tendency to rapid infusion.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Developing Dictyostelium discoideum cells contain two distinct acid hydrolase-containing vesicles.

Two distinct populations of acid hydrolase-containing vesicles have been found in developing Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Percoll gradient centrifugation revealed these vesicle populations have densities of 1.07 and 1.13 g/ml. The 1.13 g/ml vesicle populations arose during the aggregation stage of differentiation. Although both vesicle populations contained an array of acid hydrolases, they could be shown to differ by several criteria. Electron micrographs of prespore cells showed they contained two types of vesicles with distinct acid phosphatase-staining patterns. One of these vesicle types appeared identical to the lysosomes found in vegetative cells. The second vesicle type had a morphology similar to that of a previously identified organelle, the prespore vesicle. The prespore vesicle is known to contain spore coat proteins which are exocytosed during the final stages of spore differentiation. The higher density acid hydrolase-containing vesicle population was found to contain spore coat proteins. Electron micrographs of the higher density vesicle population showed the presence of acid phosphatase-staining vesicles with a morphology similar to that of prespore vesicles. These data suggest that the higher density acid hydrolase-containing vesicles represent a subpopulation of lysosomes which appear during development and which may be identical to prespore vesicles.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. Effects of lipids containing cis or trans fatty acids on the reconstitution of bacteriophage PM2.

Infectious PM2 virus paticles could be reconstituted in vitro from a mixture of nucleocapsid, phospholipids containing cis fatty acids, and proteins I and II. The presence or absence of acyl phosphatidylglycerol, a minor lipid component of thevirion, did not affect the reconstitution of infectious particles, even though it was incorporated into the particles when present. When phosphatidylglycerol was completely replaced by acyl phosphatidylglycerol in the reconstitution mixture, no infections particles were formed. Lipids containing either cis or trans fatty acids were also used for reconstitution in vitro of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2. Regardless of the ratio of phosphatidlyglycerol to phospatidylethanolamine in the reconstitution mixture, infectious particles were formed and had almost the same phospholipid composition when lipids containing cis-palmitoleic acid were used; no infectious particles were obtained when lipids containing trans-palmitoleic acid were used. In the latter case, virus-like particles were, however, formed. Reconstituted particles containing cis fatty acids were infectious when tested on wild type Pseudomonas BAL-31 as well as on the unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph grown in the presence of either cis or trans-palmitoleic acid. Reconstituted particles containing trans fatty acids were not infectious on any of these cells. When trans fatty acids as well as cis fatty acids were present in the reconstitution mixture, then there was a lower yield of infectious particles. Particles with either cis or trans fatty acids had all four viral proteins and adsorbed to BAL-31 host cells in a specific manner.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1979

HeLa cell cytoplasmic mRNA contains three classes of sequences: predominantly poly(A)-free, predominantly poly(A)-containing and bimorphic.

The mRNA species which exist in the HeLa cell polyribisomes in a form devoid of A sequences longer than 8 nucleotides constitute the poly(A)-free class of mRNA. The rapidly labelled component of this mRNA class shares no measurable sequence homology with poly(A)-containing RNA. If poly(A)-free mRNA larger than 12 S labelled for 2 h in vivo is hybridized with total cellular DNA, it hybridizes primarily with single-copy DNA. When a large excess of steady poly(A)-containing RNA is added before hybridization of labelled poly(A)-free RNA, no inhibition of hybridization occurs. This indicates the existence of a class of poly(A)-free mRNA with no poly(A)-containing counterpart. Some mRNA species can exist solely as poly(A)-containing mRNAs. These mRNAs in HeLa cells are found almost exclusively in the mRNA species present only a few times per cell (scarce sequences). Some mRNA species can exist in two forms, poly(A)containing and lacking, as evidenced by the translation data in vitro of Kaufmann et al. [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 4801--4805 (1977)]. In addition, if cDNA to total poly(A)-containing mRNA is fractionated into abundant and scarce classes, 47% of the scarce class cDNA can be readily hybridized with poly(A)-free mRNA. 10% of the abundant cDNA to poly(A)-containing mRNA will hybridize with poly(A)-free sequences very rapidly while the other 90% hybridize 160 times more slowly, indicating two very different frequency distributions. The cytoplasmic metabolism of these three distinct mRNA classes is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the rat striatum: ultrastructure and cellular relations with tyrosine hydroxylase- containing terminals and with astrocytes.

The ultrastructural localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was comparatively examined in the dorsal (caudate-putamen) and ventral (nucleus accumbens) striatum using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In both striatal regions, NPY-like immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in perikarya, dendrites and axons. The labeled perikarya were 15-25 microns in a diameter and contained large, deeply and multiply indented nuclei and prominent Nissl bodies. The labeled dendrites contained a few large (80-150 nm) dense-core vesicles, lacked detectable spines and received few afferents. These morphological characteristics of NPY-IR neurons in both areas are in close accord with previous descriptions for the medium aspiny intrinsic neurons. Axon terminals with terminals with NPY-like IR contain primarily small clear round vesicles, as seen in single or serial sections. These terminals formed junctions that lacked recognizable pre- or post- synaptic densities, but showed parallel spacing between apposed plasmalemmas at presumed synaptic clefts. Targets of the axon terminals with NPY-like IR included unlabeled somata, unlabeled proximal dendrites and labeled and unlabeled distal dendrites. The NPY-IR neurons in the caudate-putamen differed from those in the nucleus accumbens in that (1) there were no recognized appositions between labeled dendrites and labeled terminals, and (2) fewer terminals contained large dense-core vesicles. These findings are consistent with the concept that in the nucleus accumbens, the excitability of the NPY-IR neurons may be more directly modulated by NPY or another transmitter co-existing in the terminals. Catecholamines are known to co-exist with NPY in certain rostrally projecting brainstem nuclei. Therefore, in the two striatal regions, we additionally sought to determine (1) whether the NPY-IR neurons might be modulated by catecholaminergic afferents and (2) whether NPY might co-exist with catecholamines in terminals. Goat antiserum against NPY and rabbit antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, were simultaneously localized in single sections by PAP and immunoautoradiographic methods, respectively. Quantitative analysis in dually labeled sections from both striatal areas revealed few, if any, direct synaptic contacts between TH-labeled terminals and dendrites containing NPY-like IR. However, there was convergence of separate NPY- and TH-IR terminals on unlabeled dendrites. A few terminals in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the dorsal striatum, showed immunoreactivity methods, to TH and also contained dense-core vesicles with NPY-like IR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Existence of mutual synaptic relations between corticotropin-releasing factor-containing and somatostatin-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus.

Light microscopic studies of vibratome sections, which were double-immunostained for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and for somatostatin (SS), suggested the presence of reciprocal synaptic relations between neurons containing immunoreactive (ir) CRF and those containing ir SS in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (parvo-PVN) and in the anterior periventricular area (APV) of the rat hypothalamus. In the sections the peptides included in neuronal fibers were labeled black with silver-gold particles, and the peptides included in neuronal cell bodies were labeled brown with diaminobenzidine (DAB). Thereby the brown cell bodies appeared to be surrounded by several black nerve terminals. In electron microscopic studies, the labeling was mostly performed in reverse fashion, because of the convenience for observing the ultrastructural details of the nerve terminals. The neuroplasm of the postsynaptic perikarya and dendrites was labeled with gold-coated silver grains, while the presynaptic axonal terminals were shown with scattered DAB particles. Granular structures in the perikarya or axonal terminals were labeled distinctively. The synaptic morphology appeared to be either symmetric or asymmetric connections. Then we found synaptic connections between presynaptic ir SS containing fiber terminals and postsynaptic ir CRF containing perikarya in the parvo-PVN, and those ir CRF containing fiber terminals and ir SS containing perikarya in the APV. The existence of such a reciprocal association between CRF and SS neurons may suggest that these neuronal systems intervene among different functional systems in the hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Absorption and tissue distribution of zinc, iron and copper by rats fed diets containing lactalbumin, soy and supplemental sulfur-containing amino acids.

Zinc, copper and iron utilization was examined in rats fed diets containing 30% lactalbumin (L); 30% soy assay protein (S) or 30% soy assay protein supplemented with 0.26% cysteine (SC), 0.45% methionine (SM), 0.26% cysteine and 0.45% methionine (SCM) or 0.71% cysteine (SXC). Diets L, SC and SCM contained equal amounts of cysteine; diets L, SM and SCM contained equal amounts of methionine; diets L, SCM, SXC contained equal amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids. Rats fed diet L had significantly higher levels of zinc in tibias, kidneys and plasma; higher levels of copper in kidneys; and higher levels of iron in tibias than rats fed diet S. Rats fed diet L also absorbed (apparent and true) significantly more zinc; excreted significantly more zinc of endogenous origin in the feces; and absorbed (apparent) significantly less copper than rats fed diet S. Rats fed the soy diets supplemented with sulfur-containing amino acids, especially diet SXC, tended to have elevated levels of zinc in their tibias and kidneys and greater apparent and true absorptions of zinc than rats fed diet S. Rats fed diet SXC still had significantly lower zinc levels in tissue than rats fed diet L. Apparent absorption of zinc was similar among rats fed diets L, SCM and SXC.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics. Comparison between two lidocaine solutions containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine].

This study is a pilot study to determine the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics. Two percent lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine were compared in view points of onset and duration of anesthesia and hemodynamic responses after conduction and infiltration anesthesia in oral cavities of six voluntary dental students. Conduction anesthesia to the right inferior alveolar nerve, using 2% lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine showed no significant difference in onset and duration of anesthesia, changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. Duration of anesthesia determined by pin prick showed the longest in infiltration anesthesia, using 2% lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 epinephrine, (103.4 +/- 18.5 min.), and followed by that containing 1/200,000 epinephrine (52.0 +/- 13.0 min.) and that excluding epinephrine (23.0 +/- 5.1 min.). These findings suggested that the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics may be 1/200,000, judging from the time of a dental practice.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2026

Distinct HLA Associations for Antibody Multireactivity With Citrulline-Containing Type II Collagen Epitopes Versus More Limited Antibody Reactivity With Citrulline-Containing IgG Epitopes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be promiscuous, with cross-reactive binding to many antigens containing short motifs, or private with little cross-reactivity. Also, ACPA reactivity patterns differ among patients with RA, including for motif-containing epitopes in important self-antigens like collagen and IgG (bound by RA-associated rheumatoid factors [RFs]), with limited understanding of the underlying mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine if HLA alleles associate with ACPA reactivity patterns. METHODS: For 100 ACPA+RF+ participants with RA, serum IgG binding was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to 10 citrulline-containing peptides derived from Type II collagen and IgG1 (nine with motifs), and HLA loci were genotyped. Also, antibody and serum multireactivity were evaluated. HLA alleles present differentially in RA participants with high versus low IgG binding to specific peptides, as well as with multireactivity versus limited reactivity were identified by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Serum IgG multireactivity for citrulline-glycine motif-containing collagen peptides was high, at least partially due to promiscuous antibodies. HLA-DQA1*01:02 was present in more participants with anticitrullinated collagen antibodies and multireactive sera. In contrast, serum multireactivity was low for IgG1-derived peptides due at least in part to more private antibodies. Shared epitope-containing HLA-DRB1*04:01 was present more frequently in participants with RA-associated RFs irrespective of the citrulline-serine motif and less frequently in participants with anticitrullinated collagen antibodies. Several HLA alleles associated with specific antibody reactivities. CONCLUSION: Different HLA alleles may contribute to the different reactivity patterns of promiscuous anticitrullinated collagen antibodies and more private RA-associated RFs.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

The distribution and origin of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres in feline dental pulp. Relationship with substance P-containing nerve fibres.

The origin and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity in feline dental pulp were studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Nerve fibres with varicosities exhibiting CGRP-like immunoreactivity were observed to enter the pulp with blood vessels. Many CGRP-containing nerve fibres were found to extend along blood vessels in the central pulp, and some of these fibres exhibited a network arrangement in the walls of dental pulp blood vessels. However, some of fibres were apparently not associated with blood vessels. Some thin, CGRP-containing nerve fibres formed a part of the nerve plexus in the subodontoblastic area and penetrated into the odontoblastic layer. In animals that had undergone transection of the inferior alveolar nerve, no CGRP-containing nerve fibres were observed. Application of a double-immunofluorescence staining technique also revealed that the distribution of CGRP-containing nerve fibres is very similar to that of substance P-containing nerve fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of radiation-reduced hybrids containing portions of the proximal long arm of the human X chromosome: identification of hybrids containing the Menkes' disease locus.

The proximal long arm of the human X chromosome (Xcen----Xq13) encompasses an estimated 23 megabases of DNA and contains numerous identified genetic loci. In order to generate a highly enriched source of DNA from this region, radiation-reduced human-hamster hybrids were constructed and screened to identify those that contained at least part of proximal Xq. Eight such hybrids were identified and characterized by Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses to determine more precisely the human DNA complement in each. One hybrid contains the entire proximal long arm and will be useful for mapping Xcen----Xq13 in its entirety and for localizing genes within this region. Another hybrid contains a smaller portion of the proximal long arm that includes the region reported to contain the gene for Menkes' disease.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The preparation of antibodies reactive against citrulline-containing charge isomers of myelin basic protein but not against the arginine-containing charge isomers.

Human myelin basic protein (MBP) is composed of several charge isomers, the result of various post-translational modifications. One of the charge isomers C-8, has been shown in our laboratory to contain six citrullinyl residues which replace arginyl residues at selected sites in the MBP. In order to determine the disposition of the citrulline-containing charge isomers in the myelin stack, we prepared specific antisera against the citrullinyl group. Since 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-citrulline, required for the preparation of the synthetic peptides to be used for antibody production, was not commercially available, synthesis of the Fmoc-citrulline was a necessary prerequisite. The synthesis and purification of the N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl derivative of citrulline is described. It was characterized by thin layer chromatography, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. It was used in the automated peptide synthesis of a peptide Ala-Cit-His-Gly-Phe-Leu-Pro-Cit-His-Arg corresponding to residues 24-33 and Gly-Cit-Asp-Ser-Arg-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Met-Ala-Cit-Arg, corresponding to residues 158-170 of the C-8 sequence, a naturally occurring charge isomer of human myelin basic protein, and a tetracitrulline peptide, Cit-Cit-Cit-Cit-Gly. The tetracitrulline peptide was used for the production of an antibody shown to react only with synthetic peptides and proteins containing citrulline. This antibody was used to distinguish between a citrulline-containing protein, C-8, a naturally occurring charge isomer of MBP, and a non-citrulline-containing charge isomer of MBP, C-1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

A quantitative analysis of the interrelationships between subpopulations of rat sensory neurons containing arginine vasopressin or oxytocin and those containing substance P, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase or neurofilament protein.

In rat L5 dorsal root ganglia 50% of neurons contained arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity and 38% oxytocin-like immunoreactivity, the oxytocin entirely coexisting with the arginine vasopressin. Staining of alternate mirror-image sections with RT97 (an antibody to neurofilament protein, and a marker for large light neurons) and with arginine vasopressin antiserum showed that the two were entirely complementary, thus establishing arginine vasopressin as a marker for all small dark neurons. Mirror-image staining also showed that neurons containing substance P-like immunoreactivity and those containing fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase activity were each contained within the arginine vasopressin-positive population. Arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was axonally transported in the dorsal root and (in greater quantity) in sciatic nerve. Arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was present also in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and this reactivity was absent in animals which had been treated neonatally with capsaicin, suggesting that it was contained in primary afferent terminals. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the classification of primary afferent neurons and of a possible physiological role for arginine vasopressin in these neurons.

Acid Phosphatase↗