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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serum levels of free androstenedione, testosterone and oestradiol are lower in the follicular phase of conceptional than of non-conceptional cycles after ovarian stimulation with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol.

Serum concentrations of total and free androstenedione, testosterone and oestradiol were followed during the follicular phase in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for treatment by in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and compared to those in natural unstimulated cycles. In addition, 10 conceptional and 18 non-conceptional cycles were compared in an attempt to understand the background for successful IVF cycles. The ultra-short gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol was used for ovarian stimulation. Throughout the follicular phase, levels of total and free androstenedione and oestradiol were significantly lower in conceptional than in non-conceptional IVF cycles. In addition, levels of free testosterone during the follicular phase were significantly lower in women who conceived compared to non-conceptional IVF cycles, whereas levels of total testosterone were similar. Levels of both free and total androstenedione increased significantly from the second day of the menstrual cycle until oocyte retrieval in non-conceptional IVF cycles, whereas levels in conceptional IVF cycles and unstimulated cycles showed no increase. On the day of oocyte retrieval levels of free and total androstenedione were significantly higher in non-conceptional IVF cycles than in conceptional IVF cycles and unstimulated cycles, which were similar. This study suggests that appropriate levels of free biologically active androgens and oestradiol are important parameters for successful conception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

The relative importance of global self-concept and self-concept of academic ability in predicting academic achievement.

The aim of this study was to establish whether the relationship between self-concept of academic ability and academic achievement correlated more strongly than the relationship between global self-concept and academic achievement among high school students. Data on these variables were collected from 229 tenth-grade students in the U.S. Pacific Northwest public school district. The results indicate that global self-concept and self-concept of academic ability correlate positively with academic achievement, but the relationship between self-concept of academic ability and academic achievement correlated more strongly than the relationship between global self-concept and academic achievement. The results suggest that educational intervention strategies geared to raising academic achievement would probably be more likely to succeed if they were to focus on enhancement of the self-concept of academic ability rather than global self-concept.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Changes induced in serum protein profiles by ovarian stimulation during in-vitro fertilization--embryo transfer treatment: a comparison between conception and non-conception cycles.

The profiles of plasma protein concentrations during the follicular phase in unstimulated women and in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization--embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment are described. Plasma protein concentrations are correlated with those of total oestradiol (protein-bound and free) and total progesterone. In addition, 10 conception cycles and 18 non-conception cycles are compared in an attempt to identify predictors of successful treatment. Ovarian stimulation caused a significant increase in follicular phase in serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol binding protein (CBP) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1). In contrast no increase was observed in unstimulated cycles. Serum levels of endometrial protein PP14 decreased significantly during the follicular phase in both stimulated and unstimulated cycles. Levels of pregnancy zone protein (PZP) were more than doubled at the time of oocyte aspiration compared to the unstimulated cycles. Albumin concentrations were unchanged by the stimulation. Throughout the follicular phase, levels of SHBG were significantly higher, and total oestradiol significantly lower in women who became pregnant, than in those who did not. Therefore, a low concentration of free, biologically active oestradiol seemed to favour pregnancy, as the concentration of albumin is similar in the two groups. The endometrial protein PP14 was significantly lower during the follicular phase in conception than in non-conceptional cycles. On day 2 of the treatment cycle, the PP14 concentration showed a 75% correct prediction of conception and non-conception cycles. These results suggest that levels of PP14 may predict successful IVF cycles even before hormonal treatment is commenced.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reproductive performance of Friesian cows in Saudi Arabia. II. Resting and service interval, conception rate, and number of services per conception.

A comparative investigation was carried out on criteria for the reproductive performance (n = 590) of 114 imported and 86 locally born Friesian cows reared under semi-arid conditions in Saudi Arabia in 2 farms. No significant differences were found between the two groups as regards the resting time, first service to conception interval, service interval, conception rate, and insemination index. The conception rate was low (46%), and the insemination index-services per conception-was high (2.16). The season had no significant effect on the reproductive performance. Significant differences were found in the conception rate and insemination index of both groups between farms, with lower results for artificial insemination. Heat stress and adaption problems are seen as causing the low conception rate and insemination index. Measures for improving the reproductive performance of Friesian cows in Saudi Arabia are outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Definition, significance and measurement of disease concepts of patients. The Disease Concept Scale for schizophrenic patients].

Illness concepts represent cognitive interpretations, explanations and predictions of health status. Illness concepts are a consequence and an expression of the patient's cultural background, view of the world, value system, way of living, and personal life experiences. Illness concepts are significant in that they influence patient's informed consent and compliance behavior. Illness concepts have been formulated in phenomenological-descriptive, formal-structural and psychological approaches. Based on these alternative conceptualizations, a scale was developed to measure seven dimensions of illness concepts. including trust in medication, trust in the treating physician, negative treatment expectations, guilt, chance control, susceptibility, and idiosyncratic assumptions. The reliability and validity of the scale (KK-scale) was tested in a group of schizophrenic patients in different treatment settings. The psychometric properties of the scale were found to be satisfactory. Support for the discriminant validity of the scale was found in relation to patient's age, education, sex, and compliance treatment institution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-echographic study of the ovulatory phase, spontaneous and induced, conceptional and non conceptional cycles].

We present the results obtained on 110 menstrual cycles of 87 patients; echography study of ovulation, immunologic LH determination, basal body register card and serial cervical mucus score, since -6 to 0 day. Echography study determined follicular diameter, endometrial bulk and the presence of liquid in the cul-de-sac. We considered only those patients in whom the disappearance of the follicle was observed 24 hours before; being this fact, the indicator of ovulation, related to all other variables. These patients presented spontaneous (47.3%), epimestrol (28.2%) or clomiphene induced (24.5%) cycles, and they turned out to be pregnant or not in that cycle, (34.6%, 25.8% and 37.0% respectively). It was 36 (32.7%) pregnant women in all the The three follicular diameter curves for pregnant cycles, were similar being the preovulatory follicular range 21.5 mm for spontaneous cycles, 18.9 mm for epimestrol induced cycles and 20.7 mm for clomiphene induced cycles. Conceptional range was from 15 to 22 mms, 15 to 22 mm, and 14 to 27 mms, respectively. We didn't observe free fluid in cul-de-sac in 5 pregnant cycles (13.9%). Most of positive LH, are about -2 and -1 (21% and 50%, respectively). There were one pregnant patient and 2 no pregnant patient with repetitive, negative LH. In 50% of patients who became pregnant, the Nadir was on -1 day. In spontaneous conceptional group, bad cervical score was not observed. The good cervical score period is longer on conceptional group than in those with epimestrol. On conceptional group, dissociation between best score day and the day of ovulations was not observed, fact that we observed in non-conceptional group.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1989

Is the 'new' problem drinking concept of Heather & Robertson more useful in advancing our scientific knowledge than the 'old' disease concept?

Heather & Robertson maintain that the problem drinking concept represents a shift from a 'pre-scientific' to a 'scientific' paradigm within the field of alcohol studies. They consider that the usefulness of a concept can best be assessed in terms of the extent to which it facilitates the testing of hypotheses. The disease concept is of no value when judged in these terms due to the aetiological assumptions that are built into it. It is argued that since Heather & Robertson's 'new' approach incorporates a set of assumptions parallel to those of the disease concept it is equally tautological, and therefore does not represent the type of change in paradigm they propose.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

[The concept of crisis. Historical roots and actual problems of the concept of crisis].

An analysis of the concept of crisis cannot ignore that it is often used in a highly suggestive way, nor should it neglect to look at its historical roots. The psychosocial crisis concept as it is used in psychiatry, psychotherapy, social work, etc. has two historic roots: one root lies in the medical-natural-sciences tradition; the other in the dramaturgical i.e. healing tradition, and they both flow together in the concept as commonly used. At present, there are numerous crisis definitions each of which emphasizes a different aspect. Greater precision, models and operational definitions are indispensable for exact research. Crisis precipitation, disposition (crisis proneness) of the system, environment and reaction of the system are discussed as separate aspects of a crisis. Finally, the innovative and constructive role is stressed which the crisis concept plays in research and practice.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of social feedback on receiver's self-concept change: an examination of the role of receiver's perception on sender's self-concept].

Cognitive processes for feedback information on self-concept as influenced by the receiver's perception of the sender's trait were examined in 40 male and female undergraduates. Subjects in the consistent and inconsistent feedback situations received information consistent and inconsistent with their initial self-rating of a trait, respectively. The sender (confederate) had a higher or lower scale score for the same trait than the subjects. Subsequently, subjects did final self-rating. Inconsistent feedback produced self-concept changes no more than consistent feedback only when the sender had a higher trait tendency than the subjects. This finding suggests: (1) only in the inconsistent feedback situation, the receiver sets out to search cause of feedback; (2) whether or not the receiver changes one's self-concept depends on causal attribution of inconsistent feedback; and (3) the direction of causal attribution is influenced by the receiver's consideration of the sender's trait tendency.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Beard's concept of neurasthenia and Freud's concept of the actual neuroses.

Beard's concept of neurasthenia and Freud's concept of the actual neuroses are described and evaluated critically. Despite differences in the content of their theories, especially in the role of sexual factors and sexual mechanisms, there are important formal and logical similarities. Both Beard and Freud incorrectly identified the causes of the neuroses being studied; both used inadequate methods of assessing the strengths of the causal factors; and the central theoretical concepts of both were equally vacuous. Freud adopted the same method of study as did Beard, but does not seem to have been influenced directly by him.

Austria↗
PubMed1975

[The polarity concept in leprosy: polar types, polar system, polar concept, dichotomy].

The author presents his priority of the polar concept in leprosy, and briefly reviews what he calls the history of an idea. The polar concept was first presented in February-May 1938, and was to receive full recognition from the Havana's Committee on Nomeclature and published in the Annals of the 5th International Congress of Leprosy (April 1948). In recent years many points brought by immunopathology focused the humoral immunity at the level of the immuno-negative L pole, in clear-cut opposition to the cell-mediated immunity present in the immuno-positif T pole. Polar concept thus receiving a remarkable physio-pathological support to the views once expressed by the author.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Concepts of caring and caring as a concept.

If caring is to be retained as the "essence" of nursing, and if research in this area is to advance, then the various perspectives of caring must be clarified, the strengths and the limitations of these conceptualizations examined, and the applicability of caring as a concept and theory to the practice of nursing identified. Examination of the concept of caring resulted in the identification of five epistemological perspectives: caring as a human state, caring as a moral imperative or ideal, caring as an affect, caring as an interpersonal relationship, and caring as a nursing intervention. Two outcomes of caring were identified: caring as the subjective experience and as the physiologic responses in patients. The authors concluded that knowledge development related to caring in nursing is limited by the lack of refinement of caring theory, the lack of definitions of caring attributes, the neglect to examine caring from the dialectic perspective, and the focus of theorists and researchers on the nurse to the exclusion of the patient.

Altruism↗
PubMed1989

Conceptional age, menstrual age, and ultrasound age: a second-trimester comparison of pregnancies of known conception date with pregnancies dated from the last menstrual period.

Ultrasound dating-curve analysis was performed for the biparietal diameter, mean head diameter, and mean trunk diameter in individual singletons, twins, and triplets from in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies and pregnancies with ultrasonographic determination of ovulation. Linear growth was found for all parameters prior to 28 weeks' conceptional age. No differences were observed among singletons, twins, or triplets. Using linear equations, no significant difference was found in systematic errors between pregnancies with a known date of conception and pregnancies dated from the last menstrual period (LMP). Pregnancies with reliable LMPs had only a slight and nonsignificant increase in random errors when compared with pregnancies from IVF. Current polynomial dating equations produced considerable systematic and random errors as well as errors related to fetal growth. Acceptable results were obtained with a new linear equation based on two examinations. We conclude that gestational age based on good menstrual records supported by a pelvic examination in the first trimester may be more reliable than even the best ultrasound method for dating.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1979

Folk concepts of mental disorder among the Lao: continuities with similar concepts in other cultures and in psychiatry.

Folk concepts for mental disorder were studied among rural Lao people. While predominatly inferring etiology (e.g. spirit-caused disorder), certain terms also emphasized particular descriptive psychopathology or behavioral abnormality. Preventive strategies were stressed for insanity due to "excessive worry' or "broken taboo'. These broad folk categories of disorder bore considerable similarity to some psychiatric and neurologic categories within medicine. These includes psychosis, mania, neurosis, organic brain syndrome, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and childhood autism. Lao folk terms for mental disorder also closely resembled those of other southern Asian cultures, although illiterate tribal peoples appeared to have fewer terms than literate peasant peoples. Folk terms from more distant regions had broad similarity to those of southeast Asia, but lacked the specificity found within the region.

Attitude↗
PubMed1973

Effect of cerebrospinal fluid shunts on intracranial pressure and on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. 2. A new technique of pressure measurements: results and concepts. 3. A concept of hydrocephalus.

Part 2 describes measurements of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in 18 adult patients with CSF shunts, all pressure measurements being referred to a horizontal plane close to the foramina of Monro. All 18 patients had normal CSF pressure by lumbar puncture; however, in one patient an intracranial pressure of +280 mm was subsequently measured after pneumoencephalography. Twelve patients had pre-shunt CSF pressures measured intracranially: 11 ranged from +20 to +180 mm H(2)O and one was +280 mm H(2)O in the supine position. In the upright posture nine patients had values of -10 to -140 mm H(2)O, while three others were +60, +70, and +280 mm H(2)O. After CSF shunting in these 18 patients the pressures were -30 to +30 mm H(2)O in the supine position and -210 to -370 mm in the upright position. The effect of posture on the siphoning action of these longer shunts in the erect, adult patient is a major uncontrollable variable in maintenance of intracranial pressure after shunting. Other significant variables are reviewed. In Part 3 a concept of the hydrocephalus phenomenon is described. Emphasis is placed on the pressure differential (P(d)) and force differential (F(d)) causing pre-shunt ventricular enlargement and post-shunt ventricular size reduction. The site of P(d), which must be very small and not to be confused with measured ventricular pressure, P, must be at the ventricular wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The concept of 'bouffée délirante' with special reference to the Scandinavian concept of reactive psychosis.

The nosological concepts of 'bouffée délirante', first described by Magnan in the 1880s, and of 'psychogenic psychosis', first described by Wimmer in 1916, are still in use in their countries of origin, France and the Scandinavian countries. Both refer to psychotic episodes of good prognosis, not connected with schizophrenia, appearing in a special fragile personality. An examination of the diagnostic criteria of the two categories shows, however, that important differences exist. Contrary to what has been claimed, Wimmer's original description, although showing an encyclopedic knowledge of the international literature of the day, has not been directly influenced by Magnan. Bouffée délirante and psychogenic psychosis, whatever their differences, have survived in their respective countries of origin against the pressure of the psychiatric consensus of the rest of the world, as evidenced by the frequency of the present use of the two diagnoses. The two categories, after having been considered for a long time as idiosyncratic peculiarities of individual national schools, are now submitted internationally to empirical studies and have become the center of a renewed interest.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Basic bioengineering concepts. Concepts in bone performance, failure, and osteosynthesis.

The basic concept of engineering applied to the biomechanical performance behavior of solids has been presented. Areas of conceptual disagreement in bone failure loading modes have been indicated and provide an excellent area for continuing investigation by the podiatric surgeon. Special application to bone tissue has been emphasized with several examples of functional loading seen in podiatric performance. The underlying requirements for primary bone union by the production of absolute stability have been discussed and some of the present problems with the use of A-O in podiatric surgery have been suggested.

Arthrodesis↗