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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

The Role of Community Science in DNA-Based Biodiversity Monitoring.

The mutual interest in nature by the general public and scientists has led to many collaborations, past and present. Community science shows great potential for monitoring species occurrences and distributions, especially in combination with scalable and (semi)-automated methods such as DNA-based monitoring, helping to obtain data from a broader geographic and temporal range than would be possible by the scientific community alone. Here, we present an overview of the complementarity between community science and DNA-based biomonitoring through examples from ongoing projects. The involvement of hobby experts is particularly crucial for building up the necessary species reference databases that enable DNA-based monitoring. Based on this overview, we identify some key points related to learning opportunities and participant recognition to maximise the success, impact and benefit of community participants in DNA-based monitoring.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2026

The impact of non-native trees on galling and herbivory in New York City across space and time.

Cities and suburbs frequently plant native and non-native trees as foundation species, with non-natives cultivated in these areas for centuries while remaining non-invasive. Although previous research has found that native trees often host more arthropods, studies have not simultaneously looked across space and time to determine the consistency of tree origin on urban arthropods. We combined varied methods across spatial and temporal scales in New York City to test if native tree leaves consistently have more insect and mite interactions than long-established non-native trees, predicting stronger effect sizes for specialists (galling arthropods) than generalists (herbivory). We examined (1) congeneric species pairs, controlled for growing conditions and stoichiometry in an arboretum, (2) diverse oaks at a botanical garden, (3) community science records across Brooklyn, and (4) herbarium specimens from 1883 through present across the city. Across spatiotemporal scales, we found consistent results. Specialist interactions were striking: contemporary native trees supported numerous galling species, while only one congeneric non-native species hosted any galls. For generalists, contemporary native trees had equivalent to slightly greater herbivory. Over the last century, herbarium records showed that herbivory increased on non-native trees to nearly the level of natives, whereas native trees increased in gall abundance while non-native trees remained rarely galled. Our results demonstrate the impact of tree origin on tree-arthropod interactions in a real-world urban setting, with far fewer galls even when non-native tree species have been cultivated locally for centuries. Our findings will help city planners and property owners confidently choose native trees to promote arthropod biodiversity.

Trees↗
PubMed1977

The health team training model: a teaching-learning approach in community health.

Health science students worked as members of interdisciplinary health teams as the teams provided services to multiple-problem Appalachian families. The family became the focus of attention in care delivery while the Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) and the family health plan were used by the teams to provide services. Intra-team issues that evolved included communication, decision making, leadership style, and role identity.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1978

A student's perspective on community medicine and the health crisis.

Community medicine is more difficult to teach and to learn than the traditional medical sciences. Teachers of community health have an interest in the rigors and theory of epidemiology and biostatistics, while most students plan a career in patient care. Abstractions and statistical data need not be presented unless it can be shown that these are the "physical findings" of a community and that they have value in the discovery of the etiology of disease, the prediction of risks, and the delivery of health care. Community medicine curricula must include experiential learning, with real patients and problems, in order to prove that health is affected by culture, politics, the environment, and individual behavior. If a student-physician's concern for community health is to be enduring, it must match in sophistication his skill in clinical medicine.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1978

Books and other endangered species: an inquiry into the values of medical librarianship.

Major values of medical librarians, as exemplified in their periodical literature 1903-1977, are identified as "professionalism," "cooperation," "sense of community with health sciences practitioners," and "knowledge orientation." These values are examined in terms of interdisciplinary research into human values. Professionalism is studied in greater depth in relation to criteria on a scale of professionalism. Medical librarians have been most concerned with the criteria of organization, specialized education (with more emphasis on continuing education than on introductory medical library education), and service orientation. Indication of challenge to long-held values exists in the contradictions among certain related assumptions underlying our self-image, our current lack of standards, and changing societal views toward commitment to a single, life-long specialization. It is suggested that there is unexplored potential for support of our traditional values and the development of new ones by comparing them with the value systems of health scientists and educators of health sciences practitioners.

Books↗
PubMed1977

Undergraduate medical education in geriatrics: nursing home experience.

Preclinical medical students undertook an elective course in geriatrics which combined instruction in history taking, physical diagnosis, and problem-oriented assessment of elderly patients in a nursing home. A drug utilization review and specific drug therapy plans were formulated by pharmacy students. The project identified general problems susceptible to institutional as well as individual remedy. The students were led beyond their initial preoccupation with "physical complaints" to interest in pertinent psychological, social, and economic factors. A model of geriatric education for health science students can productively link the health science center and community nursing homes with benefits for the student, the patient, and the nursing home.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Community dentistry: developmental discussion approach.

In 1960, Blackerby asked the question "Why not a department of social dentistry?". Since that time most of the dental schools in the United States have made some attempt at establishing such a department. Various names were given to these departments, but the one that appears to be in the forefront is the Department of Community Dentistry. Since that time each school with such a department has strived to develop various innovative methods of teaching community dentistry to its students. When the amount of time is taken into consideration, unlike the biological and clinical sciences, time allotted to community dentistry is minimal. However, at The University of Michigan students spend 232 hours in community dentistry, which necessitates development of creative teaching techniques to maintain their interest. This paper discusses one such technique which has proven to be successful over the past 3 years. Emphasis is placed on utilizing a modified method of the developmental discussion approach in teaching a course in community dentistry to 3rd-year dental students.

Community Dentistry↗
PubMed1977

The elements of community consultation.

Psychiatrists are involved in both clinical and institutional consultations. Although the tradition of psychiatric consultation for medical patients is well established and adequately described, there are few contributions concerning the conceptual framework for community consultations and few case examples. In order to provide a framework for conceptualizing consultation work this communication presents an example of a consultation to a community agency and discusses some of the specific elements in community consultation. Thus it may help professionals to practice the science and art of consultation to community agencies.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

[Scientific work in the training of health personnel].

This document makes a series of statements about the limitations to scientific and technological development in Latin America and about recent trends in efforts to overcome them. The writer reviews the situation regarding health research in the Region and lists the respective shortcomings: "it is meager and disjointed, does not spring from the health problems of Latin American countries, and--like the training of health manpower, and of physicians in particular--is seen as entirely divorced from social reality, responding to outside influences that are sometimes entirely extraneous to the countries' own needs." She emphasizes that, while many health manpower training centers are striving to make their instruction more relevant to real life in their countries, no attempt is made to develop a scientific understanding of the health problems to which the educational process must be geared. She analyzes the role of research in student training and regards it as important to keep in mind that both research and instruction must aim for the same goal: development of science and technology in the service of the community. In closing, she asserts that the Latin American university must be committed to science in the service of society, which means that it must pass tha knowledge on to the population and join with it in the solution of its problems.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

[Interviews with Norwegian dentists about continuing education].

A representative, nationwide sample comprising 50 dentists in Norway was surveyed through personal interviews concerning their opinions on and need for postgraduate education. The reports clearly indicated that the professional challenges are changing rapidly as a result of improved treatment habits and dental health among most patients and that continuing dental education should adjust to the new situation. Most interviewers were satisfied with the courses presently offered, but they nevertheless wanted more of them, particularly in oral medicine and surgery, prosthetics, prevention and community dentistry. Scientific papers abounding with statistics and histology were suggested to be reduced in the Norwegian Dental Journal, and should be replaced by practical review papers. Social motives for attending professional meetings were common, the dentists said they learned much of practical value and picked up news in conversations with colleagues. Improved contacts with the dental schools was desired. Concerning undergraduate education, a prevailing view was that too much time was devoted to basic sciences as opposed to clinical- and community dentistry. The attitude towards compulsary continuing education was ambiguous, conceivably a reflection of the two different professional ideals: high standards and autonomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Deimplementation of inappropriate feeding practices in early care and education: a Hybrid Type 3 cluster-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: The science of deimplementation-reducing harmful or ineffective practices-has focused almost exclusively on clinical prescribing, with no studies conducted in community or educational settings. Early care and education (ECE) settings offer a strategic venue for shaping eating behaviors, with children consuming up to 500 meals annually in these environments. However, ECE educators routinely use feeding practices that undermine self-regulation, including pressuring children to eat, rushing mealtimes, and offering food as reward. These practices contribute to food aversions, diminished self-regulation, and obesity risk. METHODS: We will conduct a Hybrid Type 3 cluster-randomized trial evaluating a co-designed deimplementation strategy package (WISE Words) across 88 ECE sites in Arkansas and Louisiana. Sites will be randomized 1:1 to WISE Words or usual practice, with usual practice sites receiving the intervention after two years (waitlist design). WISE Words includes six strategies: dynamic training using improvisation methods, peer learning collaboratives with goal setting, external facilitation, audit and feedback, environmental reminders, and tailored educational materials. The primary outcome is de-adoption of inappropriate feeding practices measured via direct mealtime observation (Table Talk). Secondary outcomes include adoption of evidence-based practices, acceptability, appropriateness, and sustainability at 12- and 24-months post-intervention. Child outcomes include Body Mass Index, skin carotenoid levels (Veggie Meter) willingness to try new foods (observed) and food neophobia (teacher and caregiver report). An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will test mechanisms of change derived from the Implementation Trust Building Theory of Change examining whether trust mediates strategy effects on outcomes. DISCUSSION: This trial extends deimplementation science into community settings by targeting culturally embedded behavioral practices rather than clinical prescribing behaviors. Results will inform approaches to shifting entrenched practices in ECE and similar settings while testing trust as a deimplementation mechanism. Sustainability assessments will address a notable gap, as few studies have examined whether deimplementation effects persist. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT07101321, July 20, 2025.

Humans↗