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PubMed2026

Assessment the Effects of Roasted and Non-Roasted Coffee Extracts on Colon Cancer Cells.

Coffee extracts contain numerous bioactive compounds. Given the dietary link between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer, this study compared the effects of roasted and green (unroasted) coffee extracts on human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and non-cancerous fibroblasts (BJ-5ta) to evaluate how processing influences proliferation and molecular signaling. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA), qRT-PCR, and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis were performed to assess cellular responses. MTS and RTCA showed that in BJ-5Ta fibroblasts, coffee extracts increased proliferation in the order CNR < CAR < CAU < CNU, whereas the trend was reversed in HCT116 cancer cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that in BJ-5Ta cells, unroasted coffee extract caused downregulation of the ribosome pathway, and natural coffee extract caused downregulation of the gap junction pathway, indicating reduced protein synthesis and cell-cell communication as a potential stress-adaptive response. In contrast, in HCT116 cells, unroasted coffee extract upregulated the ribosome pathway. Also, natural coffee extract upregulated the pentose phosphate pathway in HCT116 cells, which may enhance NADPH production and reduce oxidative stress. Current evidence suggests coffee's bioactive compounds may have different effects varying by coffee extract type and their preparation.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Furanic compounds in different coffee extraction systems: Analysis of the main influencing factors and correlation with acrylamide.

This study investigates how different coffee types representative of distinct roast profiles and brewing methods jointly affect the occurrence of furanic compounds and acrylamide in brewed coffee. Coffees were prepared using eight extraction methods (AeroPress, Clever, Chemex, French Press, Moka, Pure Brew, Turkish and V60). Five furanic compounds (furfural, furfuryl acetate, 5-methylfurfural, furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) were quantified in coffee powders and brews by HS-SPME-GC-MS, while acrylamide was determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Moka and Turkish brews consistently exhibited the highest concentrations of furanic compounds, whereas paper-filtered pour-over methods (V60 and Chemex) showed the lowest levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed coffee-dependent relationships between furanic compounds, acrylamide and extraction parameters with the strongest associations observed in dark-roasted coffee, reflecting advanced Maillard reaction chemistry. Overall, these results demonstrate that contaminant levels arise from the combined effects of intrinsic coffee chemistry and brewing mechanics and support targeted mitigation strategies: such as roast selection and brewing method optimization.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1978

Extraction and analysis of coffee bean allergens.

Workers in the coffee industry can develop occupational allergic disease upon exposure to dust associated with coffee manufacturing. Since controversy exists as to the source or chemical nature of these allergens, the mouse model of reaginic antibody production was used to assess the potential sources of allergens in samples obtained from a local coffee manufacturing plant. Mice were immunized with extracts of coffee dust and beans and the resulting reaginic antibody response determined by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Cross-reacting allergens were detected in samples of coffee dust, cleaner can debris and green coffee beans, but not in chaff or roasted coffee beans. None of the allergens detected in coffee samples cross-reacted with extract of castor beans, although these extracts contained the potent castor bean allergen. Green coffee bean allergens partially purified by gel filtration were heterogeneous with respect to molecular size, although quite similar in their reactivity with reaginic antiserum. These results suggest that the green coffee bean is the major source of allergen in coffee manufacturing plants. This allergen is heterogeneous with respect to size and heat lability, and is immunochemically different from the castor bean allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

[Formation of a depside-caffeine complex during cold conservation of coffee leaf samples in a hydro-ethanolic medium. Methodologic implications for the extraction of depsides].

The depsides present in coffee leaves are not apparent upon extraction with ethanol if the plant material has been fixed in boiling ethanol then maintained at - 25 degrees C. A complex formed with cafein prevents the extraction and this artefact from cold conservation concerns chlorogenic acid and its isomers. A treatment with chloroform can break the complex and allows the depsides to be dosed. The complex does not seem to exist in living tissues.

Anhydrides↗
PubMed2026

The science of Arabic coffee (Qahwa): from phytochemistry and nutritional profile to health benefits and safety evaluation.

Arabic coffee (Qahwa), a traditional beverage widely consumed in the Middle East, has attracted increasing scientific attention due to its distinctive phytochemical composition and associated health effects. This review provides an integrated analysis of Qahwa's nutritional profile, focusing on its key bioactive constituents, including chlorogenic acids, caffeine, diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), and phenolic compounds. These constituents contribute to a range of biological activities, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects. The influence of technological variables, including roasting degree, brewing method, and bean origin, on the chemical composition and functional properties is critically examined. Safety concerns, particularly acrylamide formation and mycotoxin contamination, are also discussed. Although emerging data support Qahwa's potential as a functional beverage, further research is required to clarify dose-response relationships, synergistic interactions, and long-term health outcomes. This work highlights Qahwa as a promising candidate for food and nutraceutical applications, warranting standardized compositional profiling and toxicological evaluation.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Trichloroethylene. I. An overview.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been an industrial chemical of some importance for the past 50 years. First synthesized by Fischer in 1864, TCE has enjoyed considerable industrial usage as a degreaser and limited medical use as an inhalation anesthetic and analgesic. This TCE overview provides a narrative survey of the reference literature. Highlights include history, nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, manufacture, analysis, uses, metabolism, toxicology, carcinogenic potential, exposure routes, recommended standards, and conclusions. Chemically, TCE is a colorless, highly volatile liquid of molecular formula C2HCl3. Autoxidation of the unstable compound yields acidic products. Stabilizers are added to retard decomposition. TCE's multitude of industrial uses center around its highly effective fat-solvent properties. Metabolically, TCE is transformed in the liver to trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, and trichloroethanol glucuronide; these breakdown products are excreted through the kidneys. Most toxic responses occur as a result of industrial exposures. TCE affects principally the central nervous system (CNS). Short exposures result in subjective symptoms such as headache, nausea, and incoordination. Longer exposures may result in CNS depression, hepatorenal failure, and increased cardiac output. Cases of sudden death following TCE exposure are generally attributed to ventricular fibrillation. Current interest in TCE has focused on recent experimental data that implicate TCE as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. No epidemiological data are available that demonstrate a similar action in humans. The overall population may be exposed to TCE through household cleaning fluids, decaffeinated coffee, and some spice extracts. The NIOSH recommended standard for TCE is 100 ppm as a time-weighted average for an 8-hr day, with a maximum allowable peak concentration of 150 ppm for 10 min.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed2026

A Kansei-mediated protocol for transforming painting palettes into product aesthetics.

To address users' increasingly diverse aesthetic and emotional needs, this study develops an innovative product color design framework based on Kansei. The proposed method transfers color from paintings (source) to consumer products (target) using Kansei as an intermediary, thereby enhancing the affective quality of color and the perceived design value. The framework initiates with cluster analysis to extract color feature groups (CFGs) from paintings. Subsequently, product color genomes (PCGs) are constructed through functional and structural analysis. Following this, subjective evaluation quantifies Kansei for both CFGs and PCGs, identifying representative groups linked to specific Kansei words. Finally, a Kansei-mediated mapping bridges painting CFGs and PCGs to execute the transfer. Validated using Chinese paintings and a coffee machine, the method effectively transfers painting color schemes, enriches product design, improves color quality, and supports culturally adaptive design within international marketing strategies.

Aesthetic enhancement↗
PubMed1979

Effect of aging and cigarette smoking on antipyrine and indocyanine green elimination.

The plasma clearances of antipyrine (AP) and indocyanine green (ICG) have been measured after intravenous administration in each of 20 normal male subjects aged 22 to 72 yr. An additional 4 subjects aged 65 to 73 yr received only ICG. AP clearance fell with age in the group as a whole (r = 0.56; p less than 0.01), but when cigarette smoking habits were considered the relationship was apparent only in smokers (r = 0.68; p less than 0.02). In the under 40 yr group. AP clearance was higher in smokers than nonsmokers (p less than 0.02). There was no such difference in men over 40 yr of age. These observations suggest that the enzyme-inducing effect of smoking diminishes with advancing years. In contrast, and consistent with a reduction in liver blood flow, the clearance of the highly extracted ICG fell with age, irrespective of smoking habits (r = 0.57; p less than 0.004). These findings suggest that while hepatic drug clearance may be impaired in elderly people, the outcome depends not only on the effects of the aging process on the physiologic determinants of hepatic clearance (liver blood flow and the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes) but also on the effects of environmental factors, such as smoking.

Adult↗