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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The pharmacy clinic: a new approach to ambulatory care.

A pharmacy clinic was established to provide consultation and services to practitioners and patients in the ambulatory care department of a Veterans Administration hospital. Among the services provided by the pharmacist are drug therapy consultations and monitoring, drug use review, drug information, and patient education. The pharmacy clinic assures the staff of the pharmacist's availability for consultation, allows the pharmacist to better organize the time required for consultation, makes the services of the pharmacist available to all outpatients, and provides a good training environment for students.

Arizona

Clinical pharmacy involvement in geriatric health clinic at a high-rise apartment center.

During an initial 9-week period of involvement in the operation of a health clinic for ambulatory geriatric patients in three high-rise apartment complexes, the activities and opportunities for a pharmacist and pharmacy students were documented. For 120 of the 550 geriatric residents of the center, medication histories were completed during the study period. These 120 patients reported a total of 270 medical problems. They were taking 366 prescription drugs (average, 3.9 per patient). During the 9-week study, 43 drug interactions were documented, and about 25 percent of the patients interviewed complained of some untoward drug effect. The opportunities for pharmacist involvement and the educational opportunities for pharmacy students were demonstrated. The period since the initial 9-week study has shown even greater acceptance and utilization of the pharmacy services, with an increased number of visits by patients.

Ambulatory Care Facilities

Implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a cardiac rehabilitation unit.

The implementation of a comprehensive program for the rehabilitation of cardiac patients is discussed with primary emphasis on the clinical pharmacy services provided and the method of reimbursement for these clinical services. The three basic clinical pharmacy service objectives in the cardiac rehabilitation unit (CRU) are: (1) to provide drug information to the patient, his family and health-care team members; (2) to intensively monitor the drug therapy of all CRU patients, and (3) to evaluate the impact of pharmacy services being provided upon the quality of patient care and subsequent avoidable drug-related morbidity and mortality. The pharmacist is reimbursed for his clinical services from a percentage of the revenues gained from the higher room rate rather than from traditional dispensing functions and drug fees. It is concluded that the pharmacist is recognized as a necessary drug information source and an important member of the CRU team.

Cardiac Care Facilities

Developing reimbursable clinical pharmacy programs: a goal-oriented approach.

Using a goal-oriented approach, a model for achieving third-party reimbursement for clinical pharmaceutical services is proposed. Within the framework of this model, the discussion includes: (1) determination of the hospital pharmacy mission, goals and objectives; (2) classification of clinical services into eight categories to establish the reimbursement potential for each service; (3) development of a clinical service protocol, techniques to establish charges and stages involved in communicating with the parties affected by the clinical services; and (4) methodologies for evaluating program outcome.

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Developing reimbursable clinical pharmacy programs: pharmacokinetic dosing service.

The development, operation and evaluation of a pharmacy-conducted pharmacokinetic dosing service is described. Pharmacists recommend individualized drug dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetic models and equations clinically tested for accuracy by the pharmacy department. Pharmacokinetic values are determined with the aid of online computer programs developed by the department. Drug assays are provided by the hospital's laboratory. All of the department's pharmacists were trained to provide the 24-hour service. The pharmacy department's $20 pharmacokinetic dosing service fee is reimbursed by Blue Cross. The pharmacokinetic dosing service is the first nonteaching, nonproduct-oriented pharmaceutical service whose cost-effectiveness has been recognized by a third-party payer.

Body Surface Area

Reducing the pill swill: an audit of clinical pharmacy.

A drug surveillance programme involving pharmacists in a general medical ward has been shown to reduce the number of drugs prescribed to patients and also to reduce the number of dispensing errors. The evidence presented suggests that continuing involvement of pharmacists in patient care at the ward level is required to maintain the improved prescribing habits.

Drug Prescriptions

Reference aids for developing policies and procedures for intravenous admixture services.

A table of literature citations designed to help hospital pharmacists develop a policy and procedure manual for i.v. admixture services is presented. The table is categorized according to literature that will aid in developing policies and procedures for specific aspects of admixutre services (e.g., distribution procedures, quality assurance). The citations were selected from two periodicals (American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy and Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy) and three other publications.

Bibliographies as Topic