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Results for “chronic lung disease”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Disturbances of rhythm in chronic lung disease.

Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease have a high incidence and wide variety of cardiac arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are often clinically significant and may be life threatening. Although they occur particularly in the context of acute respiratory failure, arrhythmias are not infrequent in clinically stable patients. The relatively high incidence of sudden arrhythmias seen in acute respiratory failure are associated with a very poor prognosis, in particular, ventricular premature beats and multifocal atrial tachycardia. Long-term electrocardiographic monitoring is valuable in increasing the detection of these arrhythmias and in assessing their clinical significance and response to therapy. The mechanisms producing these arrhythmias are poorly understood and probably multiple. However, disturbances of blood gases, blood pH, and electrolytes or the presence of cor pulmonale or associated coronary artery disease is probably important. The therapy of these arrhythmias must include efforts to improve the patient's ventilatory status as well as careful use of standard antiarrhythmic drugs. Further investigation is needed to define the mechanisms, determine the prognosis, and improve the therapy of the arrhythmias found in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. XIII. Experimental investigation of pulmonary chronic suppurations.

The main morphogenetic and pathogenetic elements of pulmonary chronic suppurations were experimentally investigated in rabbits. The animals were sensitized by blood way with complete Freund adjuvant containing serum proteins, which determined a nodular and diffuse granulomatous reaction in the pulmonary tissue. The perturbing agent of the model system was a maintained immediate type hypersensitivity reaction produced by an excess of intrapulmonary antigen accumulation after an intratracheal injection of the same agent with antigens in excess. The animals sacrificed 15, 30 and 45 days after the intratracheal challenge presented a wide and progressive cellulofibrous restructuring of the lung tissue with exclusion of lung areas, persistence of granulocytic foci, release of lactic-dehydrogenase, chronic vascular lesions and diffuse fibrosclerosis. The importance of the persisting antigens which maintain the Arthus type hypersensitivity reaction, of vascular chronic lesions determined by the blood transport of deleterious products and by immunopathologic phenomena, as well as of the cellulo-fibrous proliferation, are emphasized as elements of autoaggressive processes with common and immune components, all contributing to the chronic evolution of pulmonary suppurations.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Atherosclerosis in relation to tuberculosis and chronic lung disease.

The relation between atherosclerosis and tuberculosis and other chronic lung diseases was studied in extensive autopsy material. Aortic atherosclerosis in subjects with such conditions was generally similar in extent to that in the standardized atherosclerosis group and more extensive than that in the low atherosclerosis group, while coronary atherosclerosis was less extensive than in the standardized average group and, especially in women, approximated to that in the low atherosclerosis group. The prevalence of coronary stenosis and myocardial lesions was very low in subjects with tuberculosis and other chronic lung diseases. The presence of such diseases seemed to increase the development of atherosclerosis in the thoracic part of the aorta in relation to the abdominal part.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chronic lung disease in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.

In the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea 46 men and 24 women with chronic lung disease underwent clinical and lung function investigations. In all cases the sole or predominant abnormality was irreversible airways obstruction, probably from chronic bronchitis with variable amounts of acompanying emphysema. There were close similarities to chronic obstructife lung disease in European populations in terms of symptoms, airways obstruction, transfer factor, and radiographic emphysema and inflammatory changes. Bronchiectasis and local fibrosis were present in a few subjects, but previous reports that pulmonary and pleural fibrosis are features of the disease were not confirmed. Possibly environmental and genetic factors may increase the associated blood gas disturbances leading to pulmonary hypertension. Unlike chronic obstructive lung disease in European populations, tobacco smoking is not an important aetiological factor. Although there is no direct evidence, the most likely possibilities are domestic wood smoke and acute chest infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A clinical and lung function study of chronic lung disease and asthma in coastal Papua New Guinea.

A prevalence survey on the island of Karkar had previously shown that chronic lung disease was common in both sexes after the age of 35 years and that, in part, this was related to the smoking of home-grown air-cured tobacco. To investigate the nature of this chronic lung disease, 37 nontuberculous subjects with reduced ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second less than 75% predicted) underwent clinical and lung function investigations. Ninety-two per cent had adventitiae, 62% had chronic productive cough and 54% had dyspnoea on exertion. Lung function tests showed an irreversible obstructive defect with a variable, but on average, only moderately reduced transfer factor. The chest radiography showed evidence of hyperinflation in 38% of cases but non had narrowing or loss of pulmonary vessels suggestive of emphysema. "Inflammatory changes" occurred in 35% and were associated with a mild but significant element of restriction. The results suggest that chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchiolitis were the main underlying abnormalities and that emphysema was comparatively unimportant. Asthma appeared to be relatively uncommon, especially in children. The clinical and lung function findings in 16 asthmatics were essentially similar to those observed in asthmatics elsewhere and the atopic status of asthmatics and controls was similar to that observed in developed societies. In common with Highland asthmatics however, the age at onset was in early adult life rather than in childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Haemodynamic variables during repeated exercise in chronic lung disease.

1. Pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics during repeated exercise were studied in 28 patients with chronic lung disease of various etiology, 16 of whom suffered from chronic bronchitis. They performed a moderate exercise repeated after a 20 min rest period. Ventilatory variables, blood gas tensions, cardiac output and vascular pressures (right ventricular end-diastolic, pulmonary arterial, wedge and systemic arterial) were measured at rest, during exercise and again at rest and during the same exercise. 2. Ventilation and blood gas tensions were similar during the two rest and exercise periods; there was, however, a slightly significant difference in oxygen consumption and hydrogen ion concentration between the first and the second exercise period. Pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures were lower during the second rest and exercise, right ventricular filling pressure was lower at rest, and systemic arterial pressure during the second exercise. Cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance were unchanged. 3. Changes in systemic arterial pressure were significantly different in a group of patients with arterial oxygen desaturation or perfusion defects, compared with those patients without such impairment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiology of chronic lung diseases in children (author's transl)].

The bacterial flora was studied in the bronchial, pharyngeal secretions and sputum of 80 children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and of 21 children with other chronic lung diseases, treated at the Pediatric Clinic (Respiratory Unit), University of Genoa. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 52% of patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 48%, Proteus in 5%. According to the age, the patients have been distinguished into four groups; in the 6-10 and 11-15 year-old group Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest pathogen isolated, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found much more commonly in the 16-20 year-old group. Details are given of antibiotic-sensitivity for single strains grown. Intensive care programs, based on specific antibiotic-sensitivity, for in-patients and out-patients, are reported: positive results in treatment courses with Gentamicin, Cephalosporins and Tobramycin are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Extreme but asymptomatic carboxyhemoglobinemia and chronic lung disease.

Carboxyhemoglobinemia is a well-known consequence of carbon monoxide exposure from smoking. However, only moderately elevated levels have been reported. We report the case of an asymptomatic man with severe chronic obstructive lung disease and carboxyhemoglobin levels repeatedly in excess of 30% (maximum, 38.0%) due to smoking. The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco. For a given level of carbon monoxide exposure, the hypoxic person will attain a higher carboxyhemoglobin level than will a person without hypoxia.

Aged↗