[Bronchial carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome. Study of 2 patients].
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Aged↗
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Bronchial carcinoid tumor.
Bronchial carcinoid tumor occurring in an 11-yr-old boy is described. Pertinent diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are discussed briefly.
Bronchial Neoplasms↗
Combination chemotherapy trials in metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome.
One hundred eighteen patients with metastatic carcinoid tumor were randomized to treatment with streptozotocin combined with cyclophosphamide or with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Commonly experienced side effects were nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nephrotoxicity. Objective response rates among eligible and evaluable patients treated with the 5-FU combination was 14 of 42 (33%) and with the cyclophosphamide combination, 12 of 47 (26%). Among those patients with carcinoids primary to the small bowel the respective response rates were 44% and 37%. The overall response rates for patients with carcinoids of pulmonary or unknown origin were only 12% and 17%. There was no significant difference in patient survival between the two treatment arms. Among 11 patients who received crossover therapy with 5-FU alone there were two responders. There were no responders among eight patients treated with cyclophosphamide alone. Urinary 5HIAA excretion proved to be a useful biologic marker in these patients that correlated well with the observed measurements of tumor bulk. Median survival times from the diagnosis of unresectable malignant disease related to sites of origin of carcinoid tumor were the following: small bowel, 28.4 months; pancreas, 24.0 months; lung, 15.1 months; and unknown origin, 9.0 months. Metastatic carcinoid tumor is a malignant disease susceptible to chemotherapeutic approaches and continued investigation of the therapy of these neoplasms should be strongly encouraged.
Adolescent↗
[Differential diagnosis of ulcerogenic tumors, insulomas and carcinoid tumors].
The ultrastructural intactness of secretory granules in the cells of ulcerogenic tumours, insuloma and carcinoid were demonstrated in the operation material embedded in paraffin. Feature of similarity and differences in the tumours under study with respect to the size and shape, and distribution of granules in the cells were established.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
Carcinoid tumors of the rectum.
Carcinoid tumors of the rectum are not uncommon. However, multiple rectal carcinoids are very rare but can occur. The behavior of the rectal carcinoids is different than that of carcinoid tumors in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. All carcinoids are malignant, and management is based on size and depth of invasion.
Carcinoid Tumor↗
[Composite carcinoid tumor of the caecum. Carcinoid and adenocarcinoma (author's transl)].
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Bronchial carcinoid tumors.
Twenty-eight pulmonary carcinoid tumors were reviewed histologically and clinically. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections were utilized, as well as special stains, including the argyrophil and argentaffin reactions. The 22 tumors located centrally, at the level of primary or segmental bronchi, had a microscopic appearance distinct from those located more peripherally. One peripheral tumor that was large in size appeared much more aggressive histologically, and was designated an atypical carcinoid. The origin of carcinoid tumors from Kulchitsky cells in the lung, the distinction of peripheral tumors from chemodectomas, and the relationship of bronchial carcinoids to bronchial epithelial hyperplasias and oat cell carcinomas are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Carcinoid tumors of the thymus.
Three patients with carcinoid tumors of the anterior mediastinum are described. Study of these patients and an analysis of previously reported cases indicates that the thymus is the primary site of these tumors, which are probably related to the presence of Kulchitsky cells in normal thymus. These neoplasms differ clinically and anatomically from conventional thymomas. They occur predominantly in men, are not associated with myasthenia gravis or red-cell hypoplasia, and are more aggressive tumors than thymomas. Histologically, they are similar to carcinoid tumors of other organs and differ from the variable combination of epithelial cells and lymphocytes of thymomas. Although they are usually locally invasive and frequently metastasize, the clinical course is usually protracted. It is probable that the reported examples of Cushing's syndrome related to thymomas were actually associated with thymic carcinoid tumors.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Large spindle cell variant of peripheral bronchial carcinoid tumor.
I report a case of peripheral bronchial carcinoid tumor composed of bundles of large spindle cells, very much resembling cells of smooth muscle or neural tumors. Despite the unusual appearance, argyrophil staining and electron microscopic examination demonstrated small secretory granules of the type found in other peripheral carcinoid tumors. The histologic heterogeneity of peripheral bronchial carcinoid tumors is emphasized.
Adult↗
Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis: case report, ultrastructure and review of the literature.
A case of primary pure carcinoid tumor of the testis which occurred in a 71-year-old male is reported. The patient was treated by radical orchiectomy and remains well and symptom free 10 months after operation. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the tumor showed typical appearances of carcinoid tumor of midgut derivation. 23 cases of carcinoid tumors of the testis were discovered in the literature. Of these 17 were primary testicular carcinoids, and 6 were metastatic to the testis. Of the 17 cases of primary carcinoid tumors, 14 were pure carcinoids and only 3 were associated with teratoma. None of the primary testicular carcinoids were associated with metastases and the prognosis after orchiectomy was excellent, thus indicating that no further therapy is necessary. The prognosis of patients with carcinoid metastatic to the testis is poor. In view of this it is very important to determine whether the tumor is primary or metastatic.
Aged↗
[Clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of carcinoid tumors (author's transl)].
14 cases of carcinoid tumors over a period of 16 years are reported. There are 7 carcinoids of the vermiforme appendix, 3 of the small bowel, 1 of the rectum, and 2 carcinoids of the bronchus. No carcinoid syndrom was observed. Three patients with carcinoid tumors, localized in the small intestine died immediately post operationem. All others are still alife and followed up between 6 month and 13 years, are free of symptoms or rezidives. Poor prognosis of the carcinoids of the small intestine seems to depend on late diagnosis, complications already occured at the moment of operation, and advanced age of these patients. Different malignance is not considered to be an important factor of prognosis.
Adolescent↗
Mucus-secreting carcinoid tumor in a colonic diverticulum: report of a case.
A mucus-secreting carcinoid tumor arising in a colonic (rectosigmoid) diverticulum is presented. Carcinoid tumors in colonic diverticula have not been previously reported. The presence of mucin and argentaffin granules in the same tumor cell is illustrated. The recognition of mucus-secreting carcinoid tumors is emphasized in order to avoid overtreatment of small colonic carcinoid tumors by extensive surgical procedures.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Solid and mucinous varieties of so-called mammary carcinoid tumors.
Three neoplasms that had histologic features reminiscent of carcinoid tumors of other sites were encountered in a review of 3,300 examples of invasive mammary cancer in women (.09%). One of these showed cytoplasmic argyrophilia. This, as well as the two putative carcinoids, lacked argentaffinity. Attention is directed to the occurence of variable numbers of argyrophilic cells in eight of 19 so-called mucinous cancers of the breast studied. Further, neurosecretory-type granules were observed in cells of all four mucinous cancers suitably prepared for electron microscopic examination. The possible reasons for the lack of universal argyrophilic reactions in these lesions is discussed. It is concluded that there may be two types of mammary carcinoid tumors, the solid and mucinous varieties. No patient who had the latter type had experienced treatment failure after five years of observation. Various numbers of ductal epithelial cells in four of 45 examples of banal fibrocystic disease showed cytoplasmic argyrophilia, and neurosecretory-type granules were found in two of eight examples suitably prepared for electron microscopic examination. Whether this demonstration establishes the existence of precursor elements for the development of the carcinoid tumors is at present uncertain.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Ultrasound detection of a carcinoid tumor.
The intraluminal component of symptomatic malignant carcinoid tumors of the small bowel is typically small relative to the extension in the mesentery, and barium examinations are occasionally normal. This case report illustrates the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography in the detection of extraluminal component of a carcinoid tumor.
Carcinoid Tumor↗
Association of intermediate filaments with other cell organelles in carcinoid tumor of the colon.
Carcinoid tumor of the colon was studied in electron microscope. In cytoplasm, prominent intermediate-sized filaments were seen frequently attaching to nucleus and mitochondria. Direct contacts of intermediate filaments with secretory granules were not observed.
Carcinoma↗
99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scans in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors.
Three patients with foregut (bronchial), hindgut (rectal) or (ovarian) carcinoid tumors had symptomatic bone metastasis with abnormal 99m Tc pyrophosphate bone scans and bone roentgenograms. Six patients with midgut (small intestine or caecal) carcinoid) carcinoid tumors who had no symptoms of bone metastasis had no evidence of bone metastasis on bone scan or bone roentgenographic examination. This study supports the clinical impression that patients with midget carcinoid tumors have a low incidence of bone metastasis.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Carcinoid tumor in retinitis pigmentosa.
A carcinoid tumor was discovered by chance in a 25-year-old woman with the dominant type of retinitis pigmentosa. Although a coincidental association cannot be ruled out, there is at least a possibility that the two diseases have a common embryologic origin.
Adult↗
Breast metastasis: an unusual manifestation of a malignant carcinoid tumor.
A metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumor presented as an isolated breast mass in a 58-year-old female. A review of the English literature revealed four cases of metastatic carcinoid to the breast that presented as an isolated breast mass. In each case, radical mastectomy was performed after the lesion had been interpreted clinically and pathologically as a primary carcinoma. When the primary tumor was excised, all cases had either regional lymph node or liver involvement. A mass was the usual presenting sign of the metastatic deposit. No metastasis was reported to be greater than 2 cm in diameter. No axillary lymph nodes were reported to contain tumor. Frozen section preparations may not be adequate to differentiate a primary carcinoma of the breast from a metastatic carcinoid tumor, thereby necessitating permanent sections, special stains, review of previously resected neoplasms, or electron microscopy. The first mammogram of a metastatic carcinoid to the breast is reported with this case.
Breast Neoplasms↗