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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Thyroid disease and breast cancer, benign breast neoplasm: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent and significant health issue and a major contributor to global cancer incidence, accounting for 31% of all reported cases in women. Benign breast neoplasm, as a benign tumor with a high incidence in women, may play an important role in the development of BC. Previous studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer (TC) can lead to the occurrence of many cancers. Therefore, we conduct Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causality of thyroid dysfunctions, TC, and breast neoplasm. METHODS: The data of the analysis from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset. The exposure includes FT4, TSH, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and TC. Meanwhile, the outcome consists of BC, HER2-enriched BC, HER2-negative BC, and benign breast neoplasm. We used five methods (inverse variance weighted (IVW) random effects model, IVW fixed effects model, MR-Egger method, median weighted method, and the weighted mode method). We used the MR-PRESSO test and MR-Egger intercept test to detect horizontal pleiotropy and Cochran's Q test to detect heterogeneity. RESULTS: The IVW method showed a positive relationship between high FT4 levels and BC (OR = 1.210 p = 0.008) and an inverse association between TSH levels (OR IVW = 0.908 p = 0.007), hypothyroidism (OR IVW = 0.959, p = 0.014) and BC. For HER2-positive BC, an elevated FT4 level was associated with an increased risk (OR IVW = 1.314, p = 0.001). Genetically predicted high TSH levels (OR IVW = 0.899, p = 0.02) and hypothyroidism (OR IVW = 0.944, p = 0.003) were associated with a decreased risk of HER2-positive BC. Meanwhile, individuals with TC (OR = 1.003, p = 0.048), and hyperthyroidism (OR IVW = 1.127, p = 0.006) were associated with an increasing risk of development of benign breast neoplasm. Hyperthyroidism was associated with an elevated risk of benign breast neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: The present MR study explains the association between thyroid diseases and BC (mainly in HER2-positive BC). Furthermore, it demonstrates that hyperthyroidism, low levels of TSH, and TC may contribute to the development of benign breast neoplasm.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[The state of hormone and chemotherapy in breast neoplasms].

Several decisive developments have emerged during the past few years in the hormonal treatment and chemotherapy receptors should make for a more selective and successful application of hormone therapy. In the field of chemotherapy, highly active substances have been developed. Two groups of routine treatment may be defined: the first employs combinations of cytoxan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and prednisone, and the other, combinations of these agents with the highly active adriamycin. With these combinations, remissions lasting an average of over one year, with significantly prolonged survival, can be achieved in about two thirds of patients. It remains uncertain whether initial addition of hormone treatment to the chemotherapy is of definite advantage. Modern chemotherapy appears to have been especially beneficial in altering the course in patients with poor prognosis. The newest development is the use of chemotherapy postoperatively, i.e. so-called adjuvant chemotherapy. For the present this should only be done within controlled studies and in patients with histologically proven axillary lymph node metastases.

Androgens↗
PubMed1976

[Role of thermography in the diagnosis of breast neoplasms].

319 cases of breast pathology of doubtful clinical diagnosis were studied by means of thermography and mammography, with histological verification: 214 proved to be malignant tumours and 105 benign. The role of thermography is discussed on the basis of these results; it would appear to be restricted to diagnostic aid status associated with other procedures, particularly clinical examination and mammography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

[Medical therapy of the metastasizing breast neoplasm].

For the metastasized breast cancer the indication for the ablative and additive hormonal treatment and/or for the combination chemotherapy is clearly outlined. The hormonal treatment should always be used first because of its good compatibility unless the prognostic assumptions are unfavorable, such as short intervals between primary treatment and recidivation or appearance of metastases and a visceral metastatic formation. In these cases a combination chemotherapy or a combined hormonal/cytostatic treatment should be applied. Various combination chemotherapy schedules are discussed and compared in regard to effectiveness, compatibility, side effects and dispensation. A final judgement for an additional immunological therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy of the pretreated breast cancer cannot be given.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1979

[CEA and breast neoplasms: application of a personal method for determination of CEA in the clinical study of 242 patients (author's transl)].

The authors report their experience of the clinical application of monitoring serum CEA levels in breast tumours, obtained by a new direct method of determination. A total of 242 patients were studied: 124 with benign tumours, 75 with primary carcinoma in various stages; and 43 who had previously undergone to surgery for breast carcinoma. The analysis of pre-surgical specimens demonstrate consistently normal values for the benign tumors, whereas patients with malignant tumours had positive values in 40 p. 100 of cases. Significant differences in values were seen between benign tumours and Stage II malignant tumours, and between Stage II and Stage III tumours, whereas there was no significant difference between benign forms and Stage I, and between Stage III and Stage IV. In patients with metastases, followed up after surgery, the CEA was positive in 94 p. 100 of the cases. In the opinion of the authors, CEA levels do not seem to be useful for the early diagnosis of malignant breast tumours but are important, harmless and inexpensive, in the follow-up of patients who have undergone surgery for breast neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Metabolic endoradiotherapy with P32 in skeletal metastases from breast neoplasms. Note I].

22 patients suffering from breast neoplasia with particularly painful bone metastasis were treated with radiophosphorus. Only occasionally was an evident recalcification condition encountered and survival, although exceptional in some cases, did not deviate from normal. On the basis, also, of clinical and experimental observations reported in the literature, it is held that the use of 32P in metabolic radiotherapy of bone metastases is worthwhile and is justified because of the encouraging successes obtained, especially in pain remission.

Adult↗