Results for “alx4” | Search PubMed

PubMed1979

Allele specific, gene unspecific suppressors in Aspergillus nidulans.

Seven suppressor mutations have been isolated in Aspergillus nidulans by coreversion of alleles in physiologically unrelated genes namely, alX, sB, alcA, putative structural genes for allantoinase, sulphate permease and alcohol dehydrogenase respectively. The suppressors are allele specific, gene unspecific. Those described map in four loci, suaA, B, C, D. suaA and suaB are on linkage group III, suaC and suaD on VII. suaB111, suaD103 and suaD108 are semi-dominant in their suppression of alX4 and sB43, suaA101, suaA105 and suaC10. are recessive and have a pleiotropic effect on morphology. SuaC109 is cold sensitive for growth as is sua115, an unmapped mutation on linkage group III which is similar in morphology to suaC109. The two mutations, suaA101 and suaA105 have different spectra of suppression and morphologies. suaA105 weakly suppresses alX4 and sB43 whereas suaA101 strongly suppresses these and alcA125. suaD103 and suaD108 have the same spectrum of suppression. The properties of these suppressors are consistent with their being informational suppressors are consistent with their being informational suppressors of the nonsense type.

Alleles↗

PubMed2026

Asymmetric Functional Divergence of alx4a and alx4b in Iridophore Differentiation and Cranial Development in Nile Tilapia.

Neural crest cells give rise to the craniofacial skeleton and multiple pigment cell lineages, yet how duplicated developmental regulators partition their ancestral functions after teleost-specific whole-genome duplication remains unclear. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to generate alx4a and alx4b single and double mutants in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). By integrating phenotype, skeleton, transcriptome, quantitative PCR, and AlphaFold-based structural modeling analyses, we revealed their functional divergence. Loss of alx4a caused a regionally restricted reduction in iridophore-derived reflectance and abnormal cranial morphology, whereas alx4b single mutants showed no obvious phenotype under the conditions examined. By contrast, double mutants exhibited an almost complete loss of iridophore-derived structural coloration and substantially more severe cranial defects, accompanied by reduced calcein labeling in the opercular region, consistent with altered cranial mineralization. Skin transcriptomic and quantitative PCR analyses revealed marked downregulation of pnp4a and tfec, which are associated with iridophore differentiation and coloration, whereas no significant expression differences were detected for the iridophore survival-related genes ltk and mpv17. AlphaFold2-assisted HDOCK protein-DNA modeling yielded more favorable docking metrics for Alx4a than for Alx4b with the pnp4a promoter, supporting a potential Alx4a-pnp4a promoter interaction that requires experimental validation. In contrast, no significant genotype-dependent differences were detected in the measured abundance of melanophores, xanthophores, or erythrophores, and no obvious difference in gross dorsal-fin spine formation was observed under the conditions examined. Together, these findings reveal unequal functional contributions of alx4a and alx4b, with alx4a acting as the dominant paralog in iridophore-associated structural coloration and both paralogs contributing unequally to cranial development, and support pnp4a as a candidate downstream gene associated with Alx4a activity.

Animals↗