Season of birth, parental age, menarcheal age and body form: some inter-relationships in young women.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “age at menarche”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: associations and interactions in an international case-control study.
The importance of age at menarche, age at menopause, height, and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer, and the possible interactions among these factors in breast cancer causation were investigated in a data set collected in the late 1960's, in an international multicenter case-control study. Multiple logistic regression procedures were used to model data from 3,993 breast cancer cases and 11,783 controls from 7 study centers representing the range of international variation of breast cancer incidence. Height and obesity (measured through the weight/height2 index) were independent risk factors for breast cancer among post-menopausal but not pre-menopausal women; post-menopausal women taller by 10 cm had a 12% higher risk of breast cancer (95% confidence interval, CI, 3-21%) and post-menopausal women of average height (say 158 cm) had an 11% higher risk of breast cancer (CI 7-16%) when they were heavier by 10 kg (and, therefore, more obese by 4 kg/m2). Age at menarche was a risk factor among both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, a delay of 2 years corresponding to a 10% reduction in breast cancer risk (CI 6-15%). Age at menopause was also a breast cancer risk factor, women with menopause at each 5 year age difference having a 17% higher risk of breast cancer (CI 11-22%). There is evidence of an interaction (deviation from the logistic regression-postulated multiplicativity) between obesity and age at menarche, implying that the protective effect of late menarche may not apply to overweight women or that late menarche may become detrimental in obese women. The estimated relative risk coefficients, when applied to average risk factor levels observed among control women, can explain only a small fraction of the difference in breast cancer incidence between Boston and Tokyo.
Adult↗
[Does a correlation exist between age at menarche & age at menopause].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Mother-daughter differences in menarcheal age in adolescent girls attending national dance company schools and non-dancers.
A combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to contribute to age of menarche. Adolescent athletes and dancers are much more likely to have a delayed menarche than are non-athletes. To examine the possible differential influence of heredity and environmental factors on menarcheal age, 350 adolescent dancers and non-dancers and their mothers were surveyed. The dancers had a later age of menarche than did the comparison group; their mothers did not differ with respect to menarcheal age, suggesting that delayed menarche in athletes is not solely due to genetic selection as inferred by maternal menarcheal age. Maternal menarcheal age was the best predictor of menarcheal age in the comparison sample, while leanness was in the dance sample.
Adolescent↗
Menarcheal age and growth pattern of Indian girls adopted in Sweden. I. Menarcheal age.
The median menarcheal age of 107 girls adopted from India by families in Sweden was 11.6 years, which was significantly lower than in Swedish and most Indian studies. Five girls had menarche before the age of 9 years, the earliest at 7.3 years. Those who arrived at a later age had earlier menarche. No differences in menarcheal age were found with respect to geographic origin. The reasons for the earlier pubertal maturation are not clear. Factors associated with the rapid transition from an underprivileged to a privileged environment are probably involved, besides genetic determinants. The serious medical, social and emotional consequences of very early pubertal development necessitate further clarification of the underlying mechanisms.
Adolescent↗
[Continuously diminishing menarcheal age in Denmark].
INTRODUCTION: The aim was to follow the development of the parameters of the distribution of age at menarche in Danish women in recent decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is based on retrospective data from six different samples with a total of 42,784 women, born in the period 1923-1973. RESULTS: We report a renewed decline in the mean menarcheal age in a large Danish sample after a period with a halt in the trend towards an earlier age at menarche in many North European countries. We find a continuously declining mean menarcheal age in Denmark in women born in the years 1964-1973. In a sample of textile workers born in the years 1939-1968 (n = 12,605) we find a higher mean menarcheal age of one year. DISCUSSION: The results indicate that menarcheal age is still delayed in certain groups in Denmark. It can therefore be expected that the menarcheal age will fall even more in the future.
Adolescent↗
Changes of recollected menarcheal age and month among women in Tokyo over a period of 90 years.
Data on the recollected age at menarche of 47,881 women born between 1881 and 1970 were examined. The mean menarcheal age had changed from 15.1 years in those born up to 1900 to 12.5 years in those born during the 1960s. The age at menarche differed according to the month of birth, and the pattern of average age distribution by month of birth was not the same when the year of birth was different. Among women born before 1955 the menarcheal age was earlier in those born in the summer. However, among women born after 1955, menarche occurred later when they were born in the summer. The monthly distribution of menarche had also changed during this 90-year period. Two peaks in April and August were prominent among those born up to 1960. A third peak in January became also apparent in those born after 1960.
Adolescent↗
Menarcheal age and subsequent patterns of family formation.
We examine whether age at menarche affects age at first marriage or first birth using two samples of U.S. women. Data are drawn from the Tremin Trust, a longitudinal study of menstrual cycles that recruited white women who were students at the University of Minnesota and from a survey of a nationally representative sample of white women born between 1900 and 1910. Regression models with cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between age at menarche and age at first marriage. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of age at menarche on the interval between marriage and first birth. Unlike earlier work, we found that once secular trends in both age at marriage and age at menarche were taken into account, there was no evidence that age at menarche affects either age at marriage or the timing of first births in these U.S. women.
Adolescent↗
A 12-year study of menarcheal age.
Data on menarcheal age were collected on girls admitted to the University College of Swansea over a 12-year period. It appears that the downward trend in menarcheal age ceased in girls born about 1946 (the 1965 student intake) and that an upward swing may have since occurred. This change in the secular trend is not due to the association of menarcheal age with family size or of position in sibship, or to changes in the regional composition of the student intake. The well established effect of physique remains, but there is no effect of socio-economic status as assessed by the Registrar-General's classification of the father's occupation.
Adolescent↗
The factors affecting the relation between the menarcheal age of mother and daughter.
BACKGROUND: Menarche is one of the most important biologic signals in the life of a woman. Menarche is a biological variable which has a significant genotypic component in girls. In recent years, many studies reporting the earlier onset of menarche owing to the improvement of socio-economic conditions have been published. DESIGN: We asked some questions about menarche to 1017 female students studying in the high schools of Manisa region in order to determine the menarcheal age and the correlation of menarcheal age between the mothers and daughters in our region. RESULTS: The mean age at menarche for the girls was 12.82+/-1.07 years and for the mothers was 13.6+/-1.39 years. The mean menarcheal age of the mothers was higher than the mean menarcheal age of the girls (P<0.001). This difference persisted independent of the socio-economic status, nutritional state and physical activity of the girls. There was a significant correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and their mothers (r=0.262, P<0.001). This correlation existed in all the girls with different socio-economic status, nutritional state and physical activity. However, this correlation disappeared in girls with body mass index (BMI)>25 (r=0.04, P=0.813). In girls with BMI<25, there was a correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and mothers (r=0.282, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the menarche occurs earlier in the daughters than their mothers. The correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and their mothers persists under all circumstances except in obesity. The mother's menarcheal age is a good predictor of the daughter's menarcheal age in non-obese girls and the BMI is an important factor.
Adolescent↗
Decrease in menarcheal age from 1966 to 1983 in Denmark.
Mean age at menarche was estimated by the status quo method in the same region of Denmark in 1965-66 and 1982-83 in 983 and 1 591 girls, respectively. During that period menarcheal age decreased by 4 months from 13.40 to 13.03 years, subsequent to a similar decrease from 1949-50 (2) to 1965-66. Comparison with recent data from the other Nordic countries, except Norway, indicates that age at menarche is now close to 13 years, and a halt in the trend towards earlier menarche is not evident.
Adolescent↗
The antecedents of menarcheal age: heredity, family environment, and stressful life events.
Variations in pubertal timing, specifically age at menarche, have been associated with several antecedents, both genetic and environmental. Recent research has considered a broader range of environmental stressors and their influence on the development of the reproductive system. In this investigation, the following possible antecedents were considered: (a) hereditary transmission, (b) weight and weight for height, (c) stressful life events, (d) family relations, (e) absence or presence of an adult male in the household, and (f) psychological adjustment. Subjects were 75 premenarcheal girls between the ages of 10 and 14 drawn from a larger longitudinal investigation of adolescent development. Girls were from white, well-educated, middle- to upper-middle-class families and attended private schools in a northeastern urban area. While breast development, weight, family relations, and depressive affect were predictive of age at menarche, family relations predicted age at menarche above the influence of breast development or weight. A trend for maternal age at menarche to predict adolescent's age at menarche was found. Weight for height, presence of an adult male in the household, and stressful events were not predictive of age at menarche. These complex interactions of biological and psychosocial development demonstrated here may account to some extent for the inter- and intraindividual variation observed in pubertal development.
Adolescent↗
A continuous decline in menarcheal age in Denmark.
We report a renewed decline in mean menarcheal age in a large Danish sample after a period with a halt in the trend towards earlier age at menarche in many North European countries. In our study based on retrospective data from six different samples constituting 42784 women, we find a continuously declining mean menarcheal age in Denmark among women born in the years 1964-1973. In a sample of textile workers born in the years 1939-1968 (n = 12605) we find a 1 year higher mean menarcheal age. This indicates that menarcheal age is still delayed in certain groups in Denmark. This leaves the possibility that the menarcheal age could fall even further in the future.
Adult↗
The menarcheal age of Chinese girls.
The menarcheal age of Chinese girls was analysed based on a national survey in 1985. A total of 162,902 girls, aged 7-22 years, of Han nationality and 34,232 girls, aged 7-18, of 27 minority nationalities were sampled. Data were further subdivided into urban and rural areas. It was found that the curves of menstruating percentage in each of the subgroup were in long sigmoid shapes. The menstruating rate (MR) of Han girls was higher than that of the minority girls in almost every age group. The median menarcheal age (MMA) of Han girls was significantly lower than that of the minority girls. In Han nationality the urban girls showed higher MR and lower MMA than the rural girls. The influence of hereditary, cultural and economical factors on menarcheal age in Chinese girls is discussed. The data of this study were also compared with research reports from other world literature.
Adolescent↗
[The menarche age in teenagers of the Northwest of Mexico].
The beginning of sexual maturity in individuals is a measure commonly used as an indicator of a population's quality of life. Among women, one of the most frequently used indicators is the age of menarche. The objectives of this research were to obtain the age of menarche in school age girls from the Northwest of Mexico, and to establish the relationship between the latter with their socioeconomic level, body weight, and height. The sample was taken from 857 girls between 7 and 17 years old from different socioeconomic level sectors. The age of menarche of these girls was determined by the statu quo method. The value found for menarche was 12.06 +/- 0.44 years old. We also found an association of menarche to height (p < 0.01) and to socioeconomic level (p < 0.01). The value for age of menarche in this study was similar to the one reported for other Latin-American populations. Taking into consideration that approximately 70% of the Mexican population has been considered of low income level and that the environmental conditions are not entirely favorable, it is possible that this could be the result of genetic and environmental interactions.
Adolescent↗
Why did they lie? Socio-economic bias in reporting menarcheal age.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To show that socio-economically dependent cultural bias distorts results of the status quo method of estimating age at first menstruation. METHODS: Questionnaires asking for menstrual status and the recalled age at menarche were distributed to approximately 1000 Javanese girls who attended junior and senior high schools in Malang. Age of participants ranged from 11.98 to 18.89 years. Probit analysis was applied to the status quo data while average menarcheal age recalled by girls > or =16 year old was also calculated. t-test, F-test, ANOVA and chi2 tests were applied to test significance of differences between groups. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Girls of low occupational status fathers (Group 1) had a probit average menarcheal age of 13.99 years (SD = 1.33, n = 524). Girls of medium occupational status fathers (Group 2), had a lower probit average menarcheal age (13.06 SD = 1.38, n = 315). Girls of fathers with the highest occupational score (Group 3) rarely reported premenarcheal status (less than 10% in all age groups studied) and the probit analysis of their reports yielded an unbelievable average of 9.61 (SD = 3.41, n = 157) years. Group 3 girls tend to report their menarcheal status incorrectly, probably due to a 'fashion' of appearing mature or to 'contagion' during filling out of a questionnaire. The recalled average menarcheal age of Group 3 females questioned when they were aged 16 years and above, yields an average that seems to be more reliable (12.74 years, SD = 1.41, n = 7), because at a fully postmenarcheal age there is no need to enhance one's status by falsely claiming maturity.
Adolescent↗
Menarcheal age among Indian sportswomen.
The subjects of the study were 85 Indian sportswomen from Delhi and the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Gujarat, and included outstanding players of cricket, hockey, kho-kho and table-tennis, who were winners of university, state or national championships. A sample of 77 subjects selected at random was used as the control. The recall procedures suggested by Damon and Bajema (1974) were used. The combined mean age at menarche for sportswomen is 13.56 years and for the control sample is 12.7 years. Menarche was significantly delayed in those sportswomen who embarked on physical training activities before the onset of menstruation. There are also variations in the mean menarcheal age between participants in different sports specialities.
Adolescent↗
Menarcheal age and socio-economic factors in Poland.
BACKGROUND: Menarcheal age is the most important measure of sexual maturation in girls and a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions during childhood. OBJECTIVE: The study analysed the association between age at menarche and socio-economic characteristics (urbanization, population size, education of parents and number of children in the family). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Questionnaire data were collected from 3271 female schoolchildren born between 1981 and 1984, living in three provinces of southern Poland. Menarcheal age was estimated by the recall method and based on the date of menarche given by the study participants. ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses were applied to test statistical significance of differences between groups. RESULTS: Girls from families with high socio-economic status experience menarche at an earlier age than girls from families with lower socio-economic status. However, depending on the geographical region and the population size, other factors influence menarcheal age. In the Krakow province, factors that significantly differentiate age at menarche are urbanization, father's education and number of children in the family; in the Opole province, these factors include urbanization and number of children in the family, while in the Nowy Sacz province, number of children in the family is significant. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic differences are greater in a large urban city (Krakow), and affect variation in age at menarche. However, within smaller populations (Opole, Nowy Sacz) living in towns and villages, the difference in age at menarche is less visible. In addition, variation between areas reveals a lower age at menarche in urban as compared with non-urban areas.
Adolescent↗