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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The CsTBH-CsROP2 Module Regulates Waterlogging Tolerance via Auxin-Mediated Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) requires frequent irrigation due to its shallow root system and high transpiration rate of the aboveground parts. However, it is also prone to waterlogging damage. Therefore, understanding its response to waterlogging is crucial for breeding waterlogging-tolerant varieties. Although Rho of Plants GTPases play well-established roles in regulating development and stress signalling, their functions in plant adaptation to waterlogging stress has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified nine CsROP genes in the cucumber genome, which exhibit evolutionary diversification but retain conserved functional domains. Functional analysis revealed that CsROP2 acts as a negative regulator of adventitious root formation. It modulates auxin accumulation in hypocotyl vascular bundles, thereby suppressing adventitious root development and enhancing waterlogging sensitivity. The HD-Zip I transcription factor CsTBH directly binds the CsROP2 promoter and activates its expression. Our study uncovers a CsTBH-CsROP2 module that governs adventitious rooting and waterlogging tolerance by modulating auxin homeostasis. These findings provide new insights into the crosstalk between developmental programmes and stress signalling pathways and offer potential genetic targets for improving stress resilience in cucumber and other crops.

CsROP2↗
PubMed1978

Production of adventitious root primordia on hypocotyls of castor bean seedling, infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

The development of sterile secondary tumours on hypocotyls of castor bean seedlings, inoculated with any of the ten isolates of Agrobacterium tumefaciens tested, were observed below the site of the primary tumours. Histopathological studies performed in the present work indicate that the observed secondary tumours were adventitious root primordia and not the ordinary type of secondary tumours. According to the available literature such findings are reported here for the first time. All the tested isolates of the present study were also able to initiate well defined roots in conjunction with crown gall (teratomas) on Bryophyllum crenata and Kalanchoe marmorata, but not in tomato.

Ricinus communis↗
PubMed1992

[Cytological observation on culture of embryo in vitro of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level.) Hutch].

This paper for the first time reports the embryo culture in vitro of Tripterygium hypoglaucum. Callus, adventitious roots and adventitious protuberances were induced from the cultured embryos in vitro. Multi-buds at the excised embryo tip were also observed at the same time. Cytohistological examination showed (1) callus was histologically easy to be induced to form adventitious roots; (2) callus on the cotyledons was originated from the epidemical and subepidemical cells of the cotyledons, and the adventitious roots were originated from the disperse meristematic tissue or vascular tissue in the callus obtained from cultured excised embryos.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed2026

MdWRKY75 interacts with MdWOX11 to modulate root growth under salt stress in apple.

The root system is pivotal for plant development, enabling both vegetative growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses like salinity. However, the molecular mechanisms governing root adaptive development in response to salt stress remain poorly understood in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). In this study, we identified the salt stress-responsive WRKY transcription factor MdWRKY75. Overexpression of MdWRKY75 in transgenic apple negatively regulates adventitious root (AR) formation and salt stress tolerance, whereas reducing MdWRKY75 expression yields the opposite phenotype. Moreover, MdWRKY75 directly binds to the promoter of MdSAUR15 (SMALL AUXIN UP RNA15) and transcriptionally represses the expression of MdSAUR15, which, when overexpressed, promotes AR formation and enhances salt stress tolerance. We further demonstrated that MdWRKY75 interacts with MdWOX11, a WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor, both in vitro and in vivo. MdWOX11 expression is upregulated and enhances AR formation under salt stress. Additionally, MdWOX11 reduces the binding of MdWRKY75 to the MdSAUR15 promoter, and alleviates the MdWRKY75-mediated inhibitory effect on MdSAUR15 expression. Collectively, our study provides a MdWOX11-MdWRKY75-MdSAUR15 module regulating root adaptation in response to salt stress in apple.

Malus↗
PubMed1976

Mitotic activity in rice seedlings germinating under oxygen deficiency.

Rice seedlings germinating in oxygen-deficient environments do not manifest visual evidence of seminal or adventitious root growth or normal leaf growth, the coleoptile being the only seedling structure to emerge under these environmental conditions. Microscopic evidence, however, shows that mitotic activity occurs in the different tissues comprising the shoots of the seedlings germinating under oxygen deficiency. Thus evidence is presented here which shows that mitotic activity in rice seedlings germinating in oxygen-deficient environments is not confined solely to the emerging coleoptiles of the germinating seedlings.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1992

Evolutionary biology and pathology of vitamin D.

There is mounting evidence that essentially all fungi, plants and animals living on earth produce provitamin D. It is likely that once exposed to sunlight, these provitamins are converted to previtamin D. It is unclear why fungi, phytoplankton, zooplankton and plants have the capacity to produce such large quantities of provitamin D. It is likely, however, that provitamin D and possibly vitamin D play an important biologic role in these organisms. Buchala and Schmid found, for example, that vitamin D3 promoted adventitious root development. It may be that provitamin D has a more fundamental function in lower life forms. Provitamin D and its photoproducts have UV absorption spectra that overlap with the ultraviolet absorption spectra from ultraviolet radiation-sensitive macromolecules including DNA, RNA and proteins. Thus, provitamin D and photoisomers could serve as a photon sink, and therefore, act as a natural sunscreen to protect lower life forms from the damaging effects of the high energy ultraviolet radiation that they are exposed to. It is more clear, however, that amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and humans all require vitamin D and that the vitamin D must be metabolized to 1,25(OH)2D3 before it can carry-out its physiologic functions on calcium and bone metabolism. The intense research activities during the past decade on the antiproliferative and differentiation activities of 1,25(OH)2D3 has opened a new chapter for this vitamin/hormone. 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs are being developed for the treatment of psoriasis, breast cancer, and leukemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A scanning electron microscopic study of IAA-induced tumors in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) embryos.

A scanning electron microscopic study of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced tumour in the hypocotyl region of bean embryos shows a distinct morphological, structural and topographical change from the non-treated bean embryos. The IAA-induced tumour surface, in the hypocotyl region, shows distinct cell enlargement, some cellular proliferation in the parenchymatous tissue, total destruction of the epidermis and stomata and some variation in trichome structures. In dole-3-acetic acid inhibits the normal growth of the epicotyl, and, as age progresses, adventitious roots appear all over the surface. When IAA-depletion occurs, epicotyl growth resumes, which indicates that this tumour formation in bean embryos is an IAA-dependent tumour.

Indoleacetic Acids↗
PubMed1979

The morphology of the vertical and transverse intrinsic musculature of the tongue in the 15-week human fetus.

The attachments, courses and interrelationships of the transverse and vertical intrinsic muscle masses of the tongue were examined in 28 fifteen-week fetal specimens. Observations were made from 30-micron sections cut through the tongue in one of the three standard planes of section. Both sets of muscululature are qualitatively well-developed by this time period in fetal life. The transverse fibers were found to occupy the entire length of the tongue. They attach to the lamina propria of the lateral aspect of the body of the tongue and, in the root, to perimysial and adventitial connective tissue. In addition, some fibers were observed to be confluent with the mm. palatoglossus, tonsilloglossus and pharyngis superior. Medially, transverse fibers were found for the most part to terminate in the dense ventral aspect of the median septum. Vertical fibers are present from a point slightly posterior to the tip of the tongue to the level of the foramen cecum, beyond which they become sparse. All vertical fibers attach superiorly to the dorsal lamina propria. In the free part of the body, their ventral attachment, likewise, is to lamina propria. In the middle part of the tongue and, to a greater extent, in the root (as the inferior and lateral free surface decreases) these fibers attach in either the fascial plane underlying the transverse component or to the perimysium of longitudinally-running muscle bundles.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Aortic dissection with the entrance tear in transverse aorta: analysis of 12 autopsy patients.

Clinical and autopsy findings are described in 12 patients who had fatal aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the transverse aorta. The 12 patients represent 7% of 182 autopsies of spontaneous aortic dissection studied by us. The ages of the 12 patients at death ranged from 37 to 87 years (mean, 67 years). Eight were men; 8 had a history of systemic hypertension, and 10 had hearts of increased weight. Diagnosis of aortic dissection was made during life in only 4 of the 12 patients. All 12 patients died of rupture of the false channel within 2 weeks of onset of signs or symptoms compatible with dissection. The direction of aortic dissection from the entrance tear was entirely retrograde in 4 patients, entirely anterograde in 4 patients, and in both directions in 4 patients. Hemopericardium occurred in the first group, left hemothorax in the second group, and either in the last group. Of the 8 patients in whom the ascending aorta was involved, the retrograde dissection in each extended to the aortic root, 6 had pulmonary adventitial hemorrhage, and 4 had involvement of the arch arteries by dissection. In the 4 patients with strictly anterograde dissection, none had dissection in the arch arteries. Thus, tear in the transverse aorta causes a dissection that is usually fata, that often dissects retrogradely, and that may mimic dissection from a tear in ascending aorta. Aortic dissection from a tear in transverse aorta requires early operative intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Organogenesis in in vitro cultures of embryonic shoots of Abies balsamea (balsam fir).

Embryonic shoots of 15- to 20-year-old Abies balsamea (balsam fir) trees were soaked in (a) water for 15 min or 24 hr and (b) water with 1000 mg per 1 indolebutyric acid (IBA), N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (Alar-85), or 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PPZ), singly or in combination with 100 mg per 1 caffeic acid, for 15 min. After the soaking, the embryonic shoots were transferred to a nutrient medium. Nonsoaked (control) embryonic shoots elongated and often formed a basal callus but never showed organogenesis. The soaked embryonic shoots formed new apical buds, with or without bud scales, adventitious dwarf needles or shoots, and root- and embryo-like structures. One of the embryos germinated and formed an irregular shoot. No differences were found between the various soak treatments, except that the 15-min water soak was ineffective. The 24-hr water soak was as effective as the 15-min growth regulator treatments.

Butyrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in protein kinase C activities are correlated with the metaplastic transformation of Schwann cell precursors of avian embryos into melanocytes.

In previous work, we found that the phorbol ester drug 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) reverses the developmental restriction of melanogenesis that occurs early in neural crest development, causing Schwann cell precursors to undergo a metaplastic transformation into melanocytes. In this study, we examine whether these effects of TPA may be mediated by changes in endogenous levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activities. We report that low levels of PKC activity are correlated with this adventitious pigmentation in the crest-derived cells of dorsal root ganglia both during normal development and following TPA treatment in culture. These results suggest that regulation of endogenous levels of PKC plays a role in developmental decisions that neural crest cells make during early embryogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.

An auxin-inducible bidirectional promoter from the soybean SAUR gene locus was fused to a reporter gene in one direction and a cytokinin biosynthetic gene in the opposite direction and the expression of these fused genes was examined in transgenic tobacco. The Escherichia coli uidA gene, which encodes the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS), was used as the reporter gene and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene, which encodes the enzyme isopentenyl transferase, was used as the cytokinin biosynthetic gene. These constructs allowed the overproduction of cytokinins in tobacco in a tissue- and organ-specific manner. Localized overproduction of cytokinins was monitored using the GUS reporter gene and measured by an ELISA assay. The tissue- and organ-specific overproduction of cytokinins produced a number of morphological and physiological changes, including stunting, loss of apical dominance, reduction in root initiation and growth, either acceleration or prolonged delayed senescence in leaves depending on the growth conditions, adventitious shoot formation from unwounded leaf veins and petioles, altered nutrient distribution, and abnormal tissue development in stems. While some of these morphological changes result directly from the localized overproduction of cytokinins, other changes probably result from the mobilization of plant nutrients to tissues rich in cytokinins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2026

Development of an Efficient Regeneration and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Protocol for Hosta 'Light Star' Using the RUBY Reporter Gene.

Hosta plantaginea is a perennial shade-tolerant herb of the Liliaceae family, with high ornamental and urban greening value. Hosta 'Light Star' is a newly developed ornamental cultivar with yellow-margined leaves and lilac flowers, but no efficient in vitro regeneration or genetic transformation system has been established for this cultivar to date. In this study, we established a highly efficient in vitro regeneration system for Hosta 'Light Star,' and developed an Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol using the RUBY visual reporter gene for non-invasive screening of positive transformants. The optimal callus induction medium was MS&#x2009;+&#x2009;2&#xa0;mg/L 6-BA&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.3&#xa0;mg/L NAA&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.05&#xa0;mg/L 2, 4-D, with a callus induction rate of 53.33% for leaf explants (the optimal explant for sterile seedlings). The optimal adventitious bud proliferation medium was MS&#x2009;+&#x2009;2&#xa0;mg/L 6-BA&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.1&#xa0;mg/L NAA, with a proliferation coefficient of 5.87. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2 MS&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.5&#xa0;mg/L NAA&#x2009;+&#x2009;0.5&#xa0;mg/L IBA, with a 100% rooting rate. The optimal transplant substrate was perlite:vermiculite&#x2009;=&#x2009;2:1, with a 100% transplant survival rate after acclimatization. For Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the optimal infection parameters were as follows: Agrobacterium suspension OD600&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.6, infection time of 10&#xa0;min, and 200&#xa0;&#x3bc;M acetosyringone; the optimal selection conditions were 300&#xa0;mg/L cefotaxime for bacteriostasis and 30&#xa0;mg/L hygromycin for transformant screening. The final stable transformation efficiency was 2.50% (95% CI 1.23-3.77%), with an escape rate of 16.13%. Transgenic plants showed distinct purplish-red coloration in roots, stems, and leaves, with significantly higher betacyanin accumulation than wild-type plants (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Stable integration and expression of the RUBY gene were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR. This study establishes the first efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Hosta 'Light Star,' and validates the feasibility of the RUBY reporter gene as a visual marker for Hosta transformation. This system provides a solid technical platform for functional genomic studies, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, and molecular breeding of ornamental traits in Hosta.

Transformation, Genetic↗
PubMed1987

Pleomorphic lipoma of the dermis.

A case of pleomorphic lipoma is described. The neoplastic tissue developed exclusively within the dermis and characteristically involved the fibrous root sheaths of hair follicles, where several layers of lamellar collagen encircled the follicles and entrapped atypical spindle and multinucleated cells. A possible origin of this tumour in the adventitial dermis is postulated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clonal propagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.) Makino in test tubes].

The explants taken from adventitious shoots or nodes of adventitious bud of Gynostemma pentaphyllum produced numerous shoots on MS medium supplemented with BA 1mg/L and IAA 0.05 mg/L. When the segments of shoots were grown on the 1/2MS medium supplemented with IBA 1 mg/L, roots were initiated differentiating to plantlets. Substitution of polyurethane sponge for agar can accelerate the growth of platlets.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional↗
PubMed1992

Origin and distribution of NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and fibers innervating the urinary bladder of the rat.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemistry was utilized to localize nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and thus sites where nitric oxide (NO) can be synthesized, within peripheral nervous system perikarya and fibers. Recent studies suggest that NO relaxes vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. In this study, the origin and distribution of NADPH-diaphorase perikarya and fibers in the rat urinary bladder were examined. Results suggest that a small number of NADPH-diaphorase-positive perikarya are present within the bladder wall and within adjacent small ganglia. In addition, NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers were observed in the adventitial and muscular layers, subjacent to the urothelium and as perivascular fibers. After injection of the retrograde tracer fluorogold (FG) into the bladder wall, numerous FG-labeled perikarya in the major pelvic ganglia and the T13-L2, L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia were NADPH-diaphorase positive. However, none of the FG-labeled perikarya in the inferior mesenteric ganglia were NADPH-diaphorase positive. The prevalence of NADPH-diaphorase-positive perikarya and fibers suggests that NO may serve a role in bladder function.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural evidence for the coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in secretory vesicles of peripheral nerves in the guinea pig.

Using double immunogold staining procedures, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivities were localized at the ultrastructural level to guinea pig trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerve fibres associated with the vascular system. CGRP-like and SP-like immunoreactivities were found consistently in large granular secretory vesicles (70-100 nm in diameter), and both peptide immunoreactivities were co-localized to the same vesicle in both sensory ganglion cells and within axons and their terminals in the adventitia and adventitial-medial border of the superior mesenteric artery. These results suggest that CGRP and SP are co-stored and may be released together from peripheral axons in the guinea pig.

Animals↗