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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Studies of the relationships between Schistosoma and their intermediate hosts. II. The genus Bulinus and Schistosoma haematobium from Sudan, Zaire and Zambia.

The relationship between Schistosoma haematobium from Sudan, Zaire and Zambia and various species and strains of Bulinus, has been investigated. The main emphasis was placed on evaluating the total cercarial production per 100 exposed snails as an index of the compatibility between snail and schistosome. The observations confirmed the results of previous compatibility studies which showed that there were two groups of S. haematobium, truncatus-borne from Sudan and Zaire, and africanus-borne, from Zambia. They also revealed that this division was not absolute, as some overlapping occurred. However, if the cercarial production was taken as an indication of compatibility, instead of the infection rate, there was a more definite division between the two groups. The observation that there is a truncatus-borne strain of S. haematobium present in Zaire extends the area where there is a mixture of truncatus- and africanus-borne strains farther southwards.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Skin diseases in Zambia.

This is the first report on the incidence of skin diseases in Zambians. A diagnostic analysis of 12,610 patients seen over the past year in the Dermatology Clinic at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, is presented. The common diseases as well as the peculiarities are discussed. The need to develop research centres in various regions of Africa is emphasized in order to provide better insight into the special dermatological problems seen in the black Africans.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Wildlife rabies in Zambia.

Wildlife species made up 26 (2.0%) of 1,304 positive rabies cases received between 1969 and 1976. The jackal (Canis adustus) was the predominate wildlife species involved (69%) and played a role in the epidemiology of bovine rabies in remote farm areas. Rabies appears to be absent from the intact wildlife communities in Zambia, especially the National Parks; this is considered in the light of the epidemiology of the disease in wildlife.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1979

Some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in Zambia.

The risk of acquiring a transfusion-induced infection in Zambia was studied for the first time. Blood slide examination of donors, despite the insensitivity of the method, established malaria as the most serious hazard. The species involved was Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of cerebral malaria, and which could be rapidly fatal in a non-immune host visiting an endemic area. Microfilariae of Dipetalonema perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti were also found in donor populations. While no disease may be induced, allergic reactions due to the breakdown products of dead microfilariae may manifest themselves. Several cases of transfusion-induced malaria, a case of relapsing fever and a case of rhodesian trypanosomiasis are reported. Toxoplasmosis and kalatazar, which may also be transfusion-induced, are both known to occur in the country but no cases were observed. It is emphasized that prophylactic measures should be mandatory in areas where no regular, screened, donor panel is available. The awareness and ackowledgement of the risk of transfusion-induced infections may be the best safeguard against the serious consequences in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Identification by the blood incubation infectivity test of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies isolated from game animals in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.

A total of 7 stocks of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies, isolated from naturally infected game animals in the Luangwa Valley, Eastern Province, Zambia were examined using a modified version of the Blood Incubation Infectivity Test (BIIT). One stock giving consistent BIIT responses typical of T.b. rhodesiense, was obtained from warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus). Four other stocks, 2 from hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), 1 from a waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) and 1 from a lion (Panthera leo) responded like T.b. brucei. One stock from a waterbuck and 1 from a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) failed to infect mice after incubation in human serum for 30 min at 37 degrees C when first tested, but after 5 or 6 further serial passages in mice and even with serum incubation time increased to 5 h, they retained infectivity.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1975

The incidence of hepatitis-B-antigen and anti-hepatitis-B among blood donors in Ndola, Zambia.

Hepatitis-B antigen (HBsAG) was detected in the sera of 29 or 250 (11.6%) blood donors in Ndola, Zambia, most of whom were prisoners or students. The incidence among prisoners was 15.1%, among students only 1.6%. Thirteen sera were subtyped, nine carried the y and four the d antigenic determinant. Although there was a marked difference in the incidence of HBs antigen between prisoners and students, when donors were tested for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) this positive. Overall, anti-HBs was detected in 132 of 250 blood donors (52.8%). The sensitivity of radioimmunoassay, counter-immunoelectrophoresis and a newly developed passive haemagglutination (PHA) test, employing tanned formalinised antibody coated turkey erythrocytes, was compared. Although radioimmunoassay provided the most sensitive method, the PHA test compared extremely favourably and was considered to be particularly suitable for use in the tropics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The prevalence of hookworm and of S. haematobium in rural Zambia.

The prevalence of hookworm and of S. haematobium in a representative sample of the rural population of seven provinces of Zambia was assessed during a National Nutrition Status Survey. A total of 7212 people of all age and sex groups were examined for hookworm, of whom 4920 (68%) provided a stool sample and of these 48.6% were positive. Regional figures ranged between 11.4% and 77.1%. No differentiation between species of hookworm was attempted nor was it possible to assess the worm load of the individuals surveyed. Hookworm is highly endemic within the rural areas and this is discussed in relation to its known effects on the general health of the population studied during the survey, and the impact of hookworm infestation on morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Some helminthozoonotic infections in Zambia.

Parasitic infections constitute an important group of zoonoses. Stool examination of inpatients, medical examinees and out-patients in a sub-tropical environment established that Inermicapsifer madagascariensis and Schistosoma mattheei are occasionally anthropozoonotic in Zambia. Strongyloides fülleborni, a species normally parasitic in primates is not uncommon in man; whether it is anthropozoonotic or a parasite well adapted to man in this part of Africa needs further investigation. The finding of unidentified spiruroid ova was considered to be due to a spurious infection. The need for the differentiation of such organisms from those commonly infecting man is emphasized especially since the literature on such a subject is so sparse in the country and on the continent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A phase II study of adriamycin (NSC 123127) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from Zambia and the United States.

Nineteen Zambian and 22 American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with Adriamycin every three weeks in intravenous doses ranging from 20-75 mg/m2 (depending upon their initial serum bilirubin levels). Four of 16 (25%) "good risk" Zambian and American patients who received 75 mg/m2 had objective responses, while in five additional patients there was evidence of either transient tumor regression or disease stabilization. In contrast three of 25 "poor risk" patients who received 20-60 mg/m2 had objective responses. Even in this latter group, however, transient, objective signs of tumor regression were noted in four patients. The results of the present study confirm previous reports suggesting anti-tumor activity for high doses of Adriamycin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Since those responses seen were generally incomplete and transient, further clinical trials of this agent used in combination or sequentially with other agents are indicated.

Adult↗