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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

The analysis of Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA.

Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA was analyzed by digestion with the restriction enzymes Hind III, Eco R I, Bam H I, Sal I, and Bgl I. The restriction fragments from 0.7% and 1.4% agarose gels were used to determine an average molecular weight of 95.0 X 10(6). The location of the terminal cross-links was determined using formamide denaturation. Bam H I fragments D and K (molecular weight 9.6 X 10(6) and 3.3 X 10(6), respectively) were shown to be cross-linked.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis of the tumorigenic poxvirus Yaba monkey tumor virus.

The Yatapoxvirus genus of poxviruses is comprised of Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV), Tanapox virus, and Yaba-like disease virus (YLDV), which all have the ability to infect primates, including humans. Unlike other poxviruses, YMTV induces formation of focalized histiocytomas upon infection. To gain a greater understanding of the Yatapoxvirus genus and the unique tumor formation properties of YMTV, we sequenced the 134,721-bp genome of YMTV. The genome of YMTV encodes at least 140 open reading frames, all of which are also found as orthologs in the closely related YLDV. However, 13 open reading frames found in YLDV are completely absent from YMTV. Common to both YLDV and YMTV are the unusually large noncoding regions between many open reading frames. To determine whether any of these noncoding regions might be functionally significant, we carried out a comparative analysis between the putative noncoding regions of YMTV and similar noncoding regions from other poxviruses. This approach identified three new gene poxvirus families, defined as orthologs of YMTV23.5L, YMTV28.5L, and YMTV120.5L, which are highly conserved in virtually all poxvirus species. Furthermore, the comparative analysis also revealed a 40-bp nucleotide sequence at approximately 14,700 bases from the left terminus that was 100% identical in the comparable intergene site within members of the Yatapoxvirus, Suipoxvirus, and Capripoxvirus genera and 95% conserved in the Leporipoxvirus genus. This conserved sequence was shown to function as a poxvirus late promoter element in transfected and infected cells, but other functions, such as an involvement in viral replication or packaging, cannot be excluded. Finally, we summarize the predicted immunomodulatory protein repertoire in the Yatapoxvirus genus as a whole.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

The morphogenesis of Yaba monkey tumor virus in a cynomolgus monkey kidney cell line.

The morphogenesis of Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV) was investigated in a cynomolgus monkey kidney cell line. YMTV has been shown to grow less rapidly in high-passage cells (i.e., 65 passages) than in low-passage cells (i.e., between 30 and 60 passages). This prolonged growth cycle in high-passage cells allows for a more detailed analysis of the events in morphogenesis. Samples of YMTV-infected cells were prepared for analysis at 2, 3, 4, and 5 days postinfection. At least 12 "stages" of virus morphogenesis can be identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cloning and physical mapping of Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA.

The physical map positions for the BamHI, EcoRI, and SalI restriction fragments of Yaba monkey tumor pox virus DNA were determined using cloned virus DNA fragments as probes for hybridization as well as analyzing the secondary digests of larger DNA restriction fragments. Digests of EcoRI A and B fragments and SalI A and B fragments with BamHI allowed for the orientation of most of the BamHI restriction map. These secondary digest products were confirmed and the map positions for the EcoRI fragments were established using cloned BamHI fragments. Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA was cloned using the plasmid vector pBR322.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Proteins of Yaba monkey tumor virus I. Structural proteins.

Yaba virus proteins were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of Yaba virion (proteins) dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol in continuous and discontinuous buffer systems yielded 37 polypeptide species by staining and by counting bands of radioactively labeled polypeptides. The molecular weights of the viral polypeptide species were found to range from 10,000 to 220,000 by comparing the relative distance of migration of viral proteins with proteins of known molecular weights. Two polypeptides were removed from purified virions by nonionic detergent nonidet P -40 treatment, and the amount of one polypeptide was reduced. Purified cores yielded 21 polypeptide species, none of which was labeled with radioactive glucosamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Molecular weight of Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA.

The molecular weight of Yaba virus DNA was determined by the isolation of intact DNA genomes from Yaba virus, which had been purified by two sucrose density gradient and one potassium tartrate gradient centrifugations, by cosedimentation with T2 DNA. The molecular weight of Yaba DNA was calculated to be 119 - 10(6).

Cell Line↗
PubMed1973

Nucleic acid synthesis in cytoplasm of Yaba monkey tumor virus-infected cells.

Yaba tumor virus progeny appeared in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells at 24 h postinfection and reached a plateau at 72 h in the first cycle of replication. Viral DNA synthesis was first detected at about 3 h and reached a peak in 18 h. Maximum coating of viral DNA in infected cells occurred at 4 days postinfection. Rapidly labeled RNA was synthesized in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. At 6 h postinfection 7 to 10S RNA was present; this species was present in greater amount at 12 h; at 24 h a truncated peak indicated the presence of 14 to 15S as well as 7 to 10S RNA. Hybridization data indicated that the largest peak of messenger RNA synthesis occurred at 11 to 13 h postinfection and a second, slightly smaller, peak occurred at 21 to 23 h.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Variation in ligand binding specificities of a novel class of poxvirus-encoded tumor necrosis factor-binding protein.

The Yatapoxviruses encode a distinct class of secreted TNF-binding protein (TNF-BP) that resembles an MHC class I heavy chain but distinct from any other known TNF inhibitor. Characterization of these viral TNF inhibitors from Tanapox virus, Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV) and a closely related version from Swinepox virus revealed dramatically differential TNF binding specificities for different mammalian species. The Tanapox virus 2L protein (TPV-2L) formed inhibitory complexes with human TNF, and interacted with monkey and canine TNF with high affinity but rabbit TNF with low affinity. On the other hand, YMTV-2L bound human and monkey TNF with high affinity but rabbit TNF with only low affinity. The TNF-BP from swinepox virus (SPV003/148) only interacted with porcine TNF with high affinity. The observed TNF binding analysis mirrored the biological activity of these TNF-binding protein to block TNF-induced cellular cytolysis. TPV-2L and YMTV-2L also inhibited the human TNF-mediated signaling in cells but TPV-2L exhibited higher affinity for human TNF (KD, 43 pm) compared with monkey (KD, 120 pm) whereas for YMTV-2L, the affinities were reversed (human TNF KD, 440 pm; monkey TNF KD, 230 pm). The interaction domain of human TNF with TNF-binding proteins is significantly different from that of TNFRs, as determined using human TNF mutants. We conclude that these poxvirus TNF-binding proteins represent a new class of TNF inhibitors and are distinct from the viral TNF receptor homologues characterized to date.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Real-time PCR assay for the detection of tanapox virus and yaba-like disease virus.

The yatapoxvirus genus contains three members: tanapox virus (TPV), yaba-like disease virus (YLDV) and yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV), two of which (TPV and YLDV) may infect humans. However, only a very small number of patients have been diagnosed with TPV outside Africa. Given the increased international travel and the similarity of clinical signs during the early stages of a TPV/YLDV infection as compared to diseases caused by agents of potential biological warfare, such as smallpox, monkeypox, tularemia and anthrax, the rapid and reliable recognition of a TPV/YLDV infection is crucial. A real-time PCR assay using TaqManchemistry was developed in order to identify unambiguously TPV/YLDV. Primers and probe targeting a 101bp region of the PstI L fragment of TPV, initial optimisations steps were carried out with YLDV DNA as template. Using probit regression analysis, the lower limit of detection was calculated to be ca. 8 copies per assay. A total of five TPV strains, one YDLV strain and scab-derived DNA from a patient with a TPV infection yielded specific amplification, whereas the DNA of YMTV was not amplified. Various viral and bacterial pathogens (n=29) associated with rash-causing illnesses were not detected using this assay.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed1975

Human and primate poxviruses: I. Growth characteristics of cytolytic and tumor variants.

The dual potential of poxviruses to be cytolytic and tumorgenic has been extended. Yaba monkey tumor virus formed foci on monkey and human embryonic cells. Cytolytic or plaque-forming virus was isolated from Yaba tumor homogenates by selective sucrose centrifugation and passage through monkey or human embryonic cells. Monkey pox virus (MPV) was cytolytic for monkey cells or human embryonic cells, but upon passage onto young monolayers of human carcinoma cells, HeLa, produced a restricted cytopathic effect on first transfer, foci on second transfer and cytolysis after the fourth transfer. If HeLa monolayers were compact, the rapid growth precluded overt expression of cytolytic MPV. Electron micrographs of cytolytic Yaba indicated that Yaba development was similar to vaccinia and MPV but not totally organized. Growth curves of vaccinia, MPV and cytolytic Yaba were essentially identical in monkey and human embryonic cell lines.

Amnion↗
PubMed2002

What is your diagnosis?: Multifocal subcutaneous tumors in a young male baboon.

A juvenile male baboon (Papio cynocephalus anubis), while being held in quarantine prior to research assignment at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), presented with three soft tissue masses on the right elbow, wrist, and knee on routine physical examination. The masses were subcutaneous and did not appear to cause any discomfort to the animal. An excisional biopsy of the knee mass was submitted for histopathologic analysis and found to be poorly defined, rapidly growing, and of undetermined histogenesis. Euthanasia was elected, and a full necropsy done with samples collected for histopathologic analysis. By immunohistochemistry, the "large" cells in the masses were suggestive of a mesenchymal, nonmacrophage origin because of their being positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin and the macrophage maturation marker CD68. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were seen on HE-stained sections and corresponded to aggregates of ovoid to brick-shaped viral particles on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which proved to be the key diagnostic tool for this case. The masses were determined to be Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV)-induced "benign histiocytomas" by TEM.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The genome sequence of Yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvirus.

The genome sequence of Yaba-like disease virus (YLDV), an unclassified member of the yatapoxvirus genus, has been determined. Excluding the terminal hairpin loops, the YLDV genome is 144,575 bp in length and contains inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of 1883 bp. Within 20 nucleotides of the termini, there is a sequence that is conserved in other poxviruses and is required for the resolution of concatemeric replicative DNA intermediates. The nucleotide composition of the genome is 73% A+T, but the ITRs are only 63% A+T. The genome contains 151 tightly packed open reading frames (ORFs) that either are > or =180 nucleotides in length or are conserved in other poxviruses. ORFs within 23 kb of each end are transcribed toward the termini, whereas ORFs within the central region of the genome are encoded on either DNA strand. In the central region ORFs have a conserved position, orientation, and sequence compared with vaccinia virus ORFs and encode many enzymes, transcription factors, or structural proteins. In contrast, ORFs near the termini are more divergent and in seven cases are without counterparts in other poxviruses. The YLDV genome encodes several predicted immunomodulators; examples include two proteins with similarity to CC chemokine receptors and predicted secreted proteins with similarity to MHC class I antigen, OX-2, interleukin-10/mda-7, poxvirus growth factor, serpins, and a type I interferon-binding protein. Phylogenic analyses indicated that YLDV is very closely related to yaba monkey tumor virus, but outside the yatapoxvirus genus YLDV is more closely related to swinepox virus and leporipoxviruses than to other chordopoxvirus genera.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Studies on Tanapox virus.

Virus characterization studies were performed to meliorate the taxonomic status of three currently unclassified, serologically related viruses: Tanapox virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in humans), Yaba-like disease (YLD) virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in monkeys), and Yaba monkey tumor virus (YMTV, causes epidermal histiocytoma). These studies included (1) microscopic observations of Tanapox virus cytopathic effect and morphogenesis during its 6-day cytolytic-type growth at 35 degrees in CV-1 monkey kidney cells; (2) resolution of Tanapox virion proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nonenveloped and double-enveloped virus particles purified by velocity sedimentation in sucrose and CsCl density gradients; and (3) restriction endonuclease DNA comparison of the three viruses. DNA analysis showed that six recent Tanapox virus isolates from patients in Zaire, Africa, were identical to Tanapox virus, Kenya strain, from 1957 from a patient in the Tana River Valley. In addition, BamHI, MluI, and PstI cleavage sites mapped on the DNA of Kenya Tanapox virus, and PstI sites mapped on DNA of YLD virus differentiated YLD and Tanapox viruses as separate strains. On the other hand, YMTV shared few restriction endonuclease sites with Tanapox and YLD viruses, although all three cross-hybridized extensively. These studies along with published viral characteristics, support the formation of a new poxvirus genus: the suggested name is Yatapoxvirus, and the genus currently comprises two species, Tanapox virus and YMTV.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1990

Wallace P. Rowe lecture. Poxviruses of laboratory animals.

Currently the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, the poxviruses of vertebrates, is subdivided into eight genera, containing some 20-30 species; an inexact figure because the birdpox viruses have not yet been properly investigated taxonomically. I have discussed seven species belonging to three genera, all of which have caused infection and usually disease in mammals commonly used in the laboratory. The list could have been extended had I included chickens and swine as laboratory animals, for that would have meant that I would have spoken about the birdpox viruses and swinepox virus as well. However, I think I have said enough to remind you of the importance of this family of viruses to those of you concerned with laboratory animal medicine. I believe that Wally Rowe would have been interested, for every case I have described presents problems in the ecology of viruses, and like my mentor Macfarlane Burnet, Wally approached virology from an ecological point of view, whether he was thinking about the DNA provirus of retroviruses and the host chromosome, the pathogenesis of disease, or the spread of viruses in animal populations, all topics to which he made major contributions.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Yaba tumor poxvirus synthesis in vitro. 3. Growth kinetics.

Yohn, David S. (Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, N.Y.), Victoria A. Haendiges, and Etienne de Harven. Yaba tumor poxvirus synthesis in vitro. III. Growth kinetics. J. Bacteriol. 91:1986-1991. 1966.-The infectious synthetic cycle of Yaba poxvirus by BSC-1 cells at 35 C is described and discussed together with related observations obtained by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. After adsorption of virus at 25 C, at least 6 hr of incubation at 35 C was required before viral eclipse was demonstrable. Infectious progeny appeared after an additional 48 hr of incubation at 35 C. Newly synthesized virus particles were seen at 68 hr but not at 44 hr by electron microscopy. Maximal maturation occurred between 100 and 120 hr. Maximal yields were obtained from the 5th through the 8th day. The differences in kinetics between Yaba and vaccinia poxviruses, as described for the latter in the literature, are discussed. Possible factors accounting for these differences are enumerated.

Adsorption↗