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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in patients with xanthomas: a correlative study on xanthoma and atherosclerosis (I).

In an attempt to correlate xanthomas with atherosclerosis, the characteristics of serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles are explored in xanthoma patients. Xanthomas are classified into 5 subtypes: xanthelasma, planar xanthoma, papulo-eruptive xanthoma, tuberous xanthoma and tendon xanthoma. The clinical characteristics of xanthoma patients are summarized in the following. 1) Xanthelasma in 2 different types: one normolipemic and the other hyperlipidemic; of 30 xanthelasma patients, 5 were normolipemic, one of them had low HDL-cholesterol. 2) Tuberous and tendon xanthomas were all hypercholesterolemic, with serum cholesterol above 300 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol above 255 mg/dl, while HDL-cholesterol was within normal range. 3) The xanthoma patients were generally not obese. 4) Their laboratory findings often showed such abnormalities as elevated levels in serum fibrinogen, LDH, CPK and uric acid. The resemblance of the clinical characteristics between xanthomas and atherosclerotic vascular disease, e.g., myocardial infarction, was striking. If the causation of their common tissue alterations by lipid accumulation is pathologically and biochemically defined, the correlation between those 2 kinds of disease can be established.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Xanthoma disseminatum with large plaques confined to the back, pulmonary involvement and multiple intestinal xanthomas.

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare benign mucocutaneous xanthomatosis that is classified as a benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report a 68-year-old man who presented with peculiar, large plaques confined to the back 7 years after the onset of cranial diabetes insipidus. Histopathological features of the cutaneous lesions were typical of XD. The patient had lower respiratory tract involvement with histiocytic infiltrates, which was unresponsive to various treatments and resulted in a fatal outcome. Gastrointestinal endoscopies revealed multiple xanthomas in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intestinal xanthomas associated with XD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Diffuse-plane normolipaemic xanthoma with aortic-valve xanthoma.

A patient with diffuse-plane normolipaemic xanthomatosis had mucous-membrane, conjunctival, and aortic-valve xanthomatosis. The presence of a monoclonal protein and hypocomplementaemia suggests that the xanthomatous lesions were probably not metabolic in origin but developed as secondary events in a histiocytosis of involved tissues. No heart-valve xanthomatization in like circumstances has previously been reported.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1976

Turnover of xanthoma cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinemia patients.

The turnover of xanthoma cholesterol was measured in 9 hyperlipidemic and one normocholesterolemic patients. Sequential biopsies of the xanthomas were obtained 13 to 364 days after the administration of isotopic cholesterol and were then analyzed for cholesterol specific activity. A total of 34 xanthomas of 3 different types - 10 tendon xanthomas, 3 tuberous xanthomas, and 21 xanthelasmas - comprised the material for analysis. The cholesterol specific activity ratio of tendron xanthomas to that of the plasma varied from 11 per cent at 21 days to a maximum of 543 per cent at 122 days after the intravenous administration of isotopic cholesterol. This ratio declined to 426 per cent at 182 days and was still 131 per cent at 364 days. Similarly, the cholesterol specific activity of xanthelasmas increased gradually. In most instances, the xanthelasma cholesterol attained isotopic equilibration with plasma cholesterol by about 50 days but varied from patient to patient (minimum time, 46 days and maximum time, 91 days). The cholesterol content of xanthomas ranged from 10.7 to 197.0 mg per gram of dry weight of the tissue. Sixty-one to 87 per cent of the total xanthoma cholesterol was esterified. No other sterols were identified in these xanthomas. Thus, the cholesterol of 3 types of xanthoma readily attained isotopic equilibration with the plasma cholesterol which suggested total exchangeability of cholesterol between plasma and xanthomas. The uptake of cholesterol by the xanthomas from plasma was rapid considering the large mass of cholesterol in the lesions. The turnover of xanthoma cholesterol was intermediate between that of the rapidly exchangeable pool and of the slowly exchangeable pool of body cholesterol. Comparison of these results with those obtained in human advanced atheroma suggest that the turnover of xanthoma cholesterol and atheroma cholesterol are quite different.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gastric xanthomas in the elderly].

Gastric xanthomas are single or multiple yellowish-white small nodules or plaques in the gastric mucosa. Microscopically they consist of macrophage-derived foam cells full of lipids. However, because of their benign nature, there are few reports of gastric xanthomas in the literature and their clinical significance still remains unknown. In this study, we studied 131 elderly cases (42 males and 89 females) with the average age of 75.6 +/- 12.3 (S.D.) years old who were examined gastroendoscopically. The endoscopic finding of gastric xanthomas was observed in 17 males (40.5%) and in 23 females (25.8%). Gastric xanthomas tended to increase with age, and the frequency was highest in the seventies (40.0%). Of the xanthoma cases, 42.5% had a solitary xanthoma, and 17.5% had more than 5 xanthomas. More than 70% of xanthomas were observed in antral and pyloric regions. There was no difference in serum lipids between the cases with and without xanthomas. Gastric mucosa biopsied from around xanthomas showed moderate to severe atrophic change of gastric glands in most cases (89%). Hyperplasia of gastric-pit epithelia and intestinal metaplasia were also often observed. However, there was no correlation between gastric xanthomas and small round cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa. It was concluded that gastric xanthomas in the elderly arise from the mucosa with atrophic change in most cases, which may have a disturbance of local lipid metabolism, and that the presence of gastric xanthomas may be a marker of the pathological aging change of gastric mucosa.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Contribution of xanthoma tissue-derived LDL density substances in the transformation of macrophages to foam cells.

BACKGROUND: The source of accumulated lipids in the foam cells of xanthoma is primarily the lipoproteins existing in the lesional dermis. OBJECTIVE: This study was designated to clarify the contribution of low density lipoprotein (LDL) density substances existing in xanthoma tissue to foam cell formation. METHODS: An LDL density fraction was obtained from homogenized rabbit experimental xanthoma tissue. Biochemical and functional characteristics of xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance were examined. The in vivo foam cell-inducing ability of xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance was examined microscopically at the intradermal injection site. RESULTS: Xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance showed more negatively charged mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis than plasma native LDL. A small amount of aggregated material remained at the origin on agarose gel electrophoresis. Xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance contained much higher level of lipid peroxides than native LDL. Mouse peritoneal macrophages internalized xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance extensively and transformed into foam cells by incubation with xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance. Intradermal injection of the xanthoma-extracted LDL density substance induced foam cell infiltration in the skin of a normolipemic rabbit. CONCLUSION: LDL density substances prepared ex vivo from experimental xanthoma tissue contained lipid-protein complexes that have physiochemical properties of oxidized LDL. The lipid-protein complexes were incorporated into foam cells. The substances were considered to contribute to foam cell recruitment during the persistence of xanthoma lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Colorectal xanthomas with polypoid lesion: report of 25 cases.

Little attention has been paid to colorectal xanthoma. To clarify the clinical and pathological features of colorectal xanthoma, we report 28 colorectal xanthomas biopsied from 25 patients. All were composed of typical xanthoma cells and showed polypoid configuration. Median age of the patients was 64 years and there were 15 men and 10 women. Diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hyperlipidemia were found in two, one, and seven patients, respectively. Seventeen (60.7%) of the 28 polyps were located in the sigmoid colon and the remaining 11 in the rectum. Twenty-three polyps (82.1%) were sessile. Twelve (60.0%) of twenty polyps that were recorded were reddish in color. Only two polyps revealed a yellowish tone. Microscopically, foamy cells were present in the lamina propria, but the submucosa did not contain foamy cells. Immunohistochemically, the foamy cells invariably expressed extensive positivity for CD68. The colonic glands showed a deformity in the case with moderate to intense density of the foamy cells. The surface epithelium showed a hyperplastic change in 22 (78.6%) xanthomas. The colonic glands in four xanthomas were also associated with hyperplastic changes. The basement membrane of the surface epithelium was often thickened. Cell debris and proliferation of the capillaries were observed just below the surface epithelium in 19 (67.9%) and 22 (78.6%) xanthomas, respectively. Previous mucosal minute injury was suggested as the pathogenesis of colorectal xanthomas. Colorectal xanthomas were not identical to gastric and esophageal xanthoma, endoscopically or microscopically. We prefer the term "xanthomatous polyp" rather than xanthoma in the colorectal region. They may be regarded as a novel type of colorectal non-neoplastic polyp.

Adult↗