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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Workplace in fluency management: factoring the workplace into fluency management.

This article addresses competency-based standards and guidelines for the involvement of speech-language pathologists in the workplace of clients who stutter. It advocates broadening customary practices in stuttering treatment and suggests that speech-language pathologists should extend their scope of service delivery to the workplace. It presents a sequence for the collaborative involvement of the employer and other workplace members and proposes strategies for evaluating workplace based fluency programs. Issues of fluency management, transfer, maintenance, and efficacy are discussed in the workplace context. Also addressed is workplace communication as well as such factors as stereotypes, discrimination, and resistance to change which may impinge on workplace intervention. It is argued that structured intervention, transfer, and generalization within a collaborative workplace framework facilitates best practice for the fluency clinician and more appropriate outcomes for the diversity of clients who stutter.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1997

A multinational investigation of the impact of subcutaneous sumatriptan. III: Workplace productivity and non-workplace activity.

This report presents the workplace productivity and non-workplace activity results of a multinational study of the effects of subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg in the acute treatment of migraine compared with patient's customary therapy. Patients diagnosed with migraine treated their symptoms for 24 weeks with subcutaneous sumatriptan after a 12-week period of treating symptoms with their customary (non-sumatriptan) therapy. Patients used diary cards to record information concerning the effects of migraine on workplace productivity and non-workplace activity time. The average workplace productivity time lost was 23.4 hours per patient during 12 weeks of customary therapy, compared with 7.2 and 5.8 hours per patient during the first and second 12-week periods of sumatriptan therapy, respectively. An average of 9.3 hours of non-workplace activity time was lost per patient during the customary therapy phase, compared with 3.2 and 2.8 hours during the first and second 12-week periods of sumatriptan therapy, respectively. Treatment of migraine with subcutaneous sumatriptan compared with customary therapy was associated with an average gain per patient of approximately 16 hours of workplace productivity time and 6 hours of non-workplace activity time, over a 3-month period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Workplace lactation support, Part II: Working with the workplace.

Several factors, including new breastfeeding recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics, increasing numbers of women with young children in the workforce, more women initiating breastfeeding, and a strong economy combine to make this an ideal time to promote breastfeeding in the workplace. In a previous article, we presented a return-to-work breastfeeding assessment tool to evaluate lactation support in workplaces. This article focuses on the workplace itself, presenting a continuum of types of workplace lactation support; the key players in the workplace, new mothers, supervisors, and human resource managers, who are instrumental in supporting breastfeeding at work; workplace philosophies and their impact on workplace lactation support and strategies to help lactation consultants work with companies as their clients in establishing lactation support programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Smoking control in the workplace: is workplace size related to restrictions and programs?

Regarding smoking control in the workplace, small independent operations may differ from large workplaces or from small worksites that are branch units of large companies/organizations. We examined the relationships of worksite and company size to workplace smoking restrictions and programs, using data from a population-based telephone survey. Three worker groups, differentiated by worksite and company size, were compared. Small workplace workers were least knowledgeable about smoking restrictions, reported fewer restrictions in place, and were least willing to intervene in coworkers' smoking. As well, smoking-related programs, although generally uncommon, were reported least often by these workers. Branch workers were not uniformly similar to either small or large workplace workers. In policy and program interventions, organizational influences and/or attributes of individuals drawn to different-size work settings should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Partnering with the 21st century workplace: leveraging workplace ecology.

The 'accessible' job market of the 1990's has given way to a challenging job market in a climate of economic uncertainty in the early Twenty-First Century. For vocational rehabilitation professionals this change requires the strategic use of workplace supports to increase the value and sustainability of work performed by people with disabilities in competitive jobs. An analytical framework for leveraging the natural supports of the workplace is provided by the workplace ecology as a bounded environment in which relationships between workers and supervisors promote learning and enhanced performance. The dynamics of the workplace ecology are explored with particular reference to workers with disabilities receiving supported employment services. Recommendations are made for leveraging the workplace ecology to the benefit of the supported worker. Implications for supported employment services in the new millennium are discussed.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiments in transforming the global workplace: incentives for and impediments to improving workplace conditions in China.

This article highlights current economic conditions in China and analyzes existing obstacles to improving workplace conditions and labor practices. There are significant disincentives to strengthening workplace protections, and downward pressures are currently worsening conditions in a number of economic sectors. However, there are also potential strategies for motivating multinational corporations (MNCs) and Chinese government agencies to improve workplace conditions and to implement international and national laws and corporate codes of conduct. Four key principles are discussed that hold promise for creating incentives and sustainable mechanisms to improve factory conditions: transparency, verification, and accountability for MNCs and Chinese government agencies, and greatly strengthening worker participation.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between quantitative fit factors and workplace protection factors measured in actual workplace environments at a steel foundry.

Past studies have found little or no correlation between workplace protection factors (WPFs) and quantitative fit factors (FFs). This study investigated the effect of good- and poor-fitting half-facepiece, air-purifying respirators on protection in actual workplace environments at a steel foundry and the correlation between WPFs and FFs. Fifteen burners and welders, who wore respirators voluntarily, and chippers participated in this study. Each subject was fit-tested with two respirator models each with three sizes, for a total of six fit-tests. Models and sizes were assigned this way to provide a wide range of FFs among study participants. Each worker donned the respirator twice per day (at the beginning of the shift and following the lunch break) for 2 days. Quantitative FFs were first obtained for each donning using the PortaCount Plus trade mark in a separate room. Without redonning the respirators, workers performed normal work for 1 to 2 hours, and WPFs were measured by collecting ambient and in-facepiece samples simultaneously. A second fit-test was conducted without disturbing the respirator. FFs were obtained by averaging the results from the first and second fit-tests. The resulting FFs had a geometric mean (GM) of 400 (range=10-6010) and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 6.1. Of the 55 valid donnings, 43 were good fitting (FFs> or =100) and 12 were poor fitting (FFs<100). The WPFs had a GM of 920 (range=13-230,000) and a GSD of 17.8. The WPFs were found to be significantly correlated with the FFs (R(2)=.55 and p-value=.0001). Therefore, FF was shown to be a meaningful indicator of respirator performance in actual workplace environments.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Correlations between workplace protection factors and fit factors for filtering facepieces in the welding workplace.

Workplace protection factor (WPF) means a measure of the actual protection of respirator provided in the workplace when correctly worn. While fit factor (FF) represents a quantitative measure of the fit of a particular respirator to an individual and it is determined in the laboratory. To evaluate the relationship between WPF and FF is very important since FF may or may not be taken advantage of estimating WPF. Outside and inside Fe concentrations for three brand N95 filtering facepieces were collected on 14 workers/three respirator combinations in the welding workplace. The WPF measurements on the samples of the three respirator brands worn by 14 workers were observed to range from 2.2 to 132.9 with a geometric mean of 15.9 and a geometric standard deviation of 2.63. Respirator performances as measured by the WPF differed significantly among different respirator brands (p<0.05). In this study, correlations were found between the WPF measurements and the FF data for all samples of the three respirators (R2=0.38). The percentage of Fe particles having a smaller fraction than 1.1 microm diameter was observed as 71.6% of the total.

Filtration↗
PubMed2004

Psychosocial factors at the workplace--do they affect substance use? Evidence from the Tyrolean workplace study.

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of drug consumption and the impact of workplace demands and burdens for substance use, we conducted a survey in a representative sample of Tyrolean employees. METHODS: This analysis was restricted to the 700 respondents (395 male, 305 female; age 18-60 years) in the year 2001 by telephone interview who hold a full-time or part-time job during the 6 months preceding the interview. We studied the use of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, analgetics. stimulants and phytotherapeutics. RESULTS: Of the whole sample, 5.6% employees (4.8% male, 6.6% female) stated that they take some kind of pills to cope with job demands. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females. Substance use depended to a great extent on the work atmosphere and job satisfaction. The prevalence of drug consumption increased from 3.7% (good atmosphere at work) and 3.3% (high job satisfaction) to 12.6% (bad atmosphere at work) and 42.9% (low job satisfaction ) (p = 0.019 and p = 0.001). The feeling of being a victim of bullying at work appears to be particularly destructive for the individuals' well-being. Only 4.1% of the employees who were not victims of bullying took drugs because of job problems, as compared with 20% of the bullying victims. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that drug consumption as the consequence of workplace burdens is a frequent and serious problem with negative consequences for the life quality of the individuals and for the individuals' efficiency. Therefore, occupational medicine and employers should direct their attention to ensure the best possible work place structure and occupational conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The utility of a workplace injury instrument in prediction of workplace injury.

Workplace injuries are common and destructive to persons, organisations, and society. Various instruments presently exist that are designed to assess the factors underlying workplace injury. The study reports on the construct and predictive validity of a 46-item instrument, the safety perception survey (SPS), currently used to assess safety climate in industrial organisations throughout Australia. Initially, factor analysis was conducted on the data from a sample of 1238 employees from nine organisations, which indicated a one-factor solution, was the best fit. A structural equation model (SEM) linking injury rates to the safety climate measure for 16 sub-groups of six industrial organisations indicated that the measure contributed just 23% of the variance in injury rates. Interestingly, the results indicated that the number of employees was a better and more significant predictor of injury (R(2)=0.48). It is proposed that the SPS as is would need to be modified significantly from its current form to produce improvements in validity, as in its current form the survey is no more predictive of injury than organisational size. Future research into safety climate measures should incorporate predictive validity analysis on injury rates, as for many organisations; this is a performance outcome measure.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

A method of ergonomic workplace evaluation for assessing occupational risks at workplaces.

The paper discusses new trends in developing and implementing methods of workplace analysis. It presents a sample method of ergonomic workplace evaluation developed at the Poznañ University of Technology. The method is a response to the industrial sector's demand for tools supporting occupational risk assessment. The authors also present opportunities and benefits of applying the method in occupational safety management systems, which have gained increasing popularity in recent years.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Breastfeeding friendly workplace accreditation. Creating supportive workplaces for breastfeeding women.

The strategies of health promotion, as outlined in the World Health Organization's Ottawa Chapter of Health Promotion provide a good framework for a multifaceted approach to improving breastfeeding rates. The Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) utilises the full range of these health promotion strategies. Through the energy and commitment of the nationwide network of the association's volunteers, many beneficial breastfeeding initiatives have been implemented over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to describe one of these initiatives, the ABA's Breastfeeding Friendly Workplace Accreditation program (BFWA), within the context of health promotion. First, a summary of breastfeeding information will be presented, then the program will be described, the support it provides for breastfeeding mothers in the workplace will be outlined and the impact of BFWA since its implementation in 2002 will be examined.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2004

Storage system problems in the workplace--case studies of the workplaces in Tokyo and Fukuoka.

The results of a survey that was carried out inside five account division workplaces of design companies in Tokyo and Fukuoka in order to identify problems concerning the personal storage system revealed that the main problem concerns how to organize the files within a desk. Firstly, there is a lack of available storage space and therefore a person couldn't work and sit well as the documents are piled up on the desktop and under the desk. Secondly, the files display within a desk is not sufficient to enable a worker to get what he/she needs easily. Hence, with purpose of overcoming the previous problems, we focused on three requirements: a) How to increase the personal storage space; b) How to display the documents well; and c) How to distribute the documents within a desk. We suggested a solution for each mentioned requirement. This study aims mainly to test the recommended solutions in order to examine their effectiveness to overcome those problems. The results of the tests that were conducted with 20 persons in a working area revealed that the files organization through the desk space has influences on the person's comfort and the time for file accessibility.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed2000

Beyond the workplace: an exploratory study of the impact of neurotoxic workplace exposure on marital relations.

BACKGROUND: The impact on family life and social relations that may result from symptoms associated with exposure to neurotoxic substances has never been addressed. This exploratory study assessed the associations between exposure to neurotoxic agents in the workplace, mental health, and marital difficulties. METHODS: Fifty-five (55) male workers and their spouses completed standardized measures of mental health and marital difficulties. Workers' exposure to neurotoxic substances was evaluated by questionnaire and interview, using a semiquantitative classification system. RESULTS: A positive relation was observed between exposure level and measures of workers' psychological symptoms and marital stress; no relation was observed between workers' exposure level and wives' psychological symptoms. More severe exposure to neurotoxic substances was associated with wives' reports of more severe marital conflicts, and this association was mediated by husbands' psychological symptoms. As compared to low exposure husbands, high exposure husbands reported higher degrees of stress surrounding marital discussions, more consistent incidence of minor physical assaults by wives, and stronger associations between their levels of stress, the verbal aggressions of wives, and the number of marital conflicts. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that neurotoxic exposure is a risk factor for mental health and suggest how this may influence marital relations. Because of the importance of these findings for the well-being of workers and their families, these associations should be further studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of alcohol-related workplace activities: development and testing of "Your Workplace".

Alcohol-related workplace activities are assessed using a short, easy to administer, self-report instrument. Three scales--Adverse Effects of Drinking on Work Performance, Support for Consumption and Support for Abstinence--are derived from it. They have internal reliability, are independent of one another and have face validity as well as discriminant and convergent validities. Some evidence of predictive (criterion-related) validity is presented. Researchers seeking to assess the interrelationship between alcohol-related work factors and drinking behavior can apply this instrument to the task.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The evaluation of workplaces subjected to heat stress: can ISO 7933 (1989) adequately describe heat strain in industrial workplaces?

The International Standard ISO 7933 (1989) Hot environments--Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate has been proposed for the evaluation of climatic stress within the European system of CEN standards. Comparison of results of studies performed in climatic chambers and those in the field with the predictions of ISO 7933 show that there are considerable problems in using this index in practice. In its present state of development, ISO 7933 seems to be rather a step towards a useable index for evaluating climatic conditions rather than an established climatic index which is applicable in practice. Within the CEN standards, the deficiencies of ISO 7933 are reflected mainly by a restriction of the limits of application within EN 12 515 (1997) which is based on ISO 7933.

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers↗