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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of chemical water pollution on the physiological activity of microorganisms.

Anionactive detergents occurring in water in concentrations up to 100 micrograms . ml-1 do not exert inhibitory effects on the present microflora, either in case of heterotrophic bacteria, indicators of fecal pollution, or pathogenic and facultative pathogenic bacteria, including viruses. On the contrary, the studied bacterial species are able to decompose surfactants and utilize them as carbon source. Though, the rate of degradation is different with respect to respective substances, as well as with regard to the species of organisms, and their physiological activity. Only at higher detergent concentrations inhibition of microbial cell growth may be observed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1994

Enhanced clastogenicity of contaminated groundwater following UV irradiation detected by the Tradescantia micronucleus assay.

The Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay was used to determine clastogenic effects of contaminated groundwater collected near a hazardous waste landfill. Water samples were taken from a purification plant (activated charcoal filtration, UV irradiation) which was built to avoid groundwater contamination by this landfill. Five series of experiments were conducted during approximately 4 months. In addition, water samples were irradiated under laboratory conditions with increasing doses of UV light. Several field water samples gave positive, dose-dependent effects before filtration and irradiation. Maximal values (6.1 +/- 4.7 micronuclei (MCN)/100 tetrads) were six-fold above controls. UV irradiation of activated charcoal-filtered water resulted in an enhancement of MCN frequencies. Exposure of groundwater to UV irradiation in the laboratory led to a dose-dependent increase of micronuclei. At the highest dose (1500 J/m2) the MCN frequency was more than six times higher than in the unirradiated sample (5.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.4 MCN/100 tetrads). The clastogenicity of UV-irradiated samples decreased with a half-life of approximately 1 day. Irradiation of tap water did not increase the MCN frequency. Our results indicate that irradiation of water with UV light for disinfection purposes might lead to a transiently increased genotoxicity of chemically polluted water samples.

Hydrocarbons, Halogenated↗
PubMed2001

Rapid removal of dilute lead from water by pyroaurite-like compound.

Rapid removal of dissolved dilute lead (Pb) by pyroaurite-like compound Mg(x)Fe(y)(OH)2(x+y) (CO3(2-))y/2 x mH2O; anionic clay: one of layered double hydroxides) from water was studied through batch and column experiments. The Pb-removal property of the compound was evaluated as a function of concentration of Pb in the treated solution, space velocity (Sv) of the solution in the column packed with the compound, pH of the solution and contaminated humic substance. The compound showed a highly effective Pb-removal property that was comparable to the other conventional adsorbents. The Pb was removed rapidly by the column packed with the compound over the wide range of the Sv. The buffering pH function of the compound contributed to the Pb removal producing weak-alkali atmosphere. The contamination of humic substance in the treated solution reduced the Pb removal largely depending on its amount. The effectiveness of the compound for the rapid Pb removal was confirmed through a series of experiments.

Charcoal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The sanitary status of natural waters on the territory of Moscow (according to the results of the examination of chemical and radionuclide composition)].

The paper presents the results of examination of the chemical and radionuclide composition of natural waters and snow cover in Moscow. Areas with abnormal contents of tritium are found in the underground and surface waters and snow cover. The high concentrations of strontium, boron, fluorine, and barium are ascertained to be associated with natural factors. Areas of technogenically polluted underground waters are identified. Recommendations are given for further studies. Particular emphasis is laid on that the artesian wells that are a reservoir source of water supply under emergency are to be revised.

Barium↗
PubMed2004

A review of NAPL source zone remediation efficiency and the mass flux approach.

A number of previous studies are reviewed to examine the actual reduction of NAPL from source zones and the effectiveness of the specific technique of remediation used at sites under study. It has been shown that complete removal of the NAPL in free phase or residual is not possible due to the complex entrapment architecture of NAPLs at field sites. Consequently, the assessment of remediation efficiency should not be solely based on the reduction of entrapped NAPL mass from source zone. Instead, it should be based on the reduction of risk achieved through the lowering of the concentration of the dissolved constituents emanating from the entrapped NAPL during source zone clean-up. The prediction of the concentration in the plume requires a knowledge of the dissolution of NAPLs in the source zone. Attention is directed to the need for the understanding the mass transfer from entrapped NAPLs in the source zone before and after remediation. In this paper, the current knowledge of mass transfer processes from the non-aqueous phase to the aqueous phase is summarised and the use of mass flux measurements (monitoring the concentration of contaminants in aqueous phase due to source zone NAPL-groundwater mass transfer) is introduced as a potential tool to assess the efficiency of technologies used in source zone remediation. Preliminary results of numerical simulations reveal that factors such as source zone morphology as determined by the heterogeneity of the formation control the post-remediation dissolution behaviour, than the local mass transfer. Thus, accurate site characterization is essential for predicting NAPL dissolution and mass flux relationships as well as for assigning site-specific remediation target values.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2007

Adsorption kinetics of natural dissolved organic matter and its impact on arsenic(V) leachability from arsenic-loaded ferrihydrite and Al-ferrihydrite.

The present work was broadly divided into two parts: first, the efficiency of synthetically prepared ferrihydrite and Al-ferrihydrite to adsorb dissolved organic matter (DOM) was tested as a function of time, pH and ionic strength and its effects on specific surface area was found. In the second part, the effect of DOM concentration and solution pH was studied to elucidate the influence of this two parameters on As(V) leachability from As(V) loaded ferrihydrite and Al-ferrihydrite. It was found that both pH and ionic strength had significant influence on DOM adsorption. The behavior and magnitude of adsorption was significantly different for both the materials. In general, the efficiency of Al-ferrihydrite to adsorb DOM was better compared to ferrihydrite. Results indicated that ligand exchange was the dominant interaction mechanism for DOM adsorption on ferrihydrite and Al-ferrihydrite. The study also suggested a strong potential for DOM to mobilize As(V) from the studied materials. At pH 5.0, DOM concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg C/L had negligible effect on As(V) leachability. With increasing DOM concentration from 10 to 30 mg C/L, increased the As(V) leachability into the solution. Net release from ferrihydrite was up to 1.07 mg/g (5.75%) of the total adsorbed arsenic. The corresponding figure for Al-ferrihydrite was 1.47 mg/g (6.30%). As the primary mechanisms for the arsenic release from solid phases we identified two different types of mechanisms i.e., dissolution of the solid phase and competition between arsenic and organic anions for sorption sites.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2001

Quantification of anthropogenic threats to lakes in a lowland county of central Sweden.

An evaluation of the negative effects caused by anthropogenic influence on lake ecosystems was performed, using data from 143 catchments in Uppsala County, Sweden. The study included i) technical encroachments; i.e. construction of dams, dikes, etc. as well as effects of drainage of land; ii) pollution, i.e. eutrophication, acidification, and contamination by toxic substances; iii) introduction of nonnative species; and iv) exploitation of species populations. Severe damage was caused mostly by drainage of land followed by pollution by toxic substances and, to a smaller extent, introduction of nonnative species and eutrophication. Most lakes were subject to several types of disturbances, interacting in a complex pattern, which made it difficult to link the visible effects to the true causes of the disturbance. Future lake management should include analyses of all disturbances to the lake catchments, taking into account the historical perspective, in order to balance the threats/damages, in an analysis of the possibilities for maintaining biodiversity and sustainability in the ecosystems.

Animals↗