[Studies on the quantity and composition of water seepage from refuse at a controlled waste disposal facility].
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Germany, East↗
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Hexachlorobenzene contamination: its effects in a Louisiana population.
Plasma hexachlorobenzene (HCB) residues in a Louisiana population exposed through the transportation and disposal of chemical waste containing HCB averaged 3.6 plus or minus 4.3 parts per billion (ppb) in a sample of 86 people. The highest level was 345 ppb in a waste disposal facility worker while the highest level in the general population was 23 ppb. There was no evidence of cutaneous porphyria by history or skin examination. Males had significantly higher residues than females (4.71 vs. 2.79 ppb) but there were no age differences. A possible association between HCB residues and coproporphyrin and lactic dehydrogenase was found. Only 2 of 48 meals sampled were positive for HCB. There was a correlation between HCB levels in household dust and plasma levels. Perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride production workers had plasma HCB levels of up to 233 ppb.
Adult↗
Effects from past solid waste disposal practices.
This paper reviews documented environmental effects experience from the disposal of solid waste materials in the U.S. Selected case histories are discussed that illustrate waste migration and its actual or potential effects on human or environmental health. Principal conclusions resulting from this review were: solid waste materials do migrate beyond the geometric confines of the initial placement location; environmental effects have been experienced from disposal of municipal, agricultural, and toxic chemical wastes; and utilization of presently known science and engineering principles in sitting and operating solid waste disposal facilities would make a significant improvement in the containment capability of shallow land disposal facilities.
Environmental Pollution↗
Potential survival strategies of novel comammox and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira synthesizing osmoprotectants in a wastewater microbiome treating high-ammonia brackish landfill leachate.
BACKGROUND: In the late stages of landfill operation, leachate becomes brackish and contains high concentrations of ammonia with limited organic carbon. At leachate treatment facilities, it is typically subjected to nitrification followed by denitrification, with methanol supplied as an external electron donor. This unique environment may harbor novel microorganisms, including nitrifiers. Although a variety of microorganisms are involved in nitrification, their substrate specificity and salinity tolerance remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a genome-centric metagenome analysis was conducted on the microbiome from a leachate treatment facility at a closed landfill. RESULTS: A total of 68 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, including 64 putative novel species. Among these, two Nitrospira MAGs were recovered: a novel complete ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (comammox), Nitrospira LAS72 (88.72% completeness, 2.10% contamination), and canonical nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira LAS18 (99.98% completeness, 2.29% contamination). Comparative genomic analysis with 260 publicly available Nitrospira genomes revealed that LAS18 represents a new sub-lineage within lineage VII of the Nitrospira genus. Two ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus LAS21 and Nitrosarchaeum LAS73, were also identified, while canonical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were not detected. Given the brackish conditions (1.23% salinity) and the methanol-fed operation of the treatment facility, the genomic potential for osmotic stress adaptation and methanol metabolism was investigated. Comammox Nitrospira LAS72 harbors biosynthetic pathways for several compatible solutes (osmoprotectants), including glycine betaine, proline, trehalose, and L-glutamate. Moreover, comammox Nitrospira LAS72 possesses genetic potential for oxidizing formaldehyde, suggesting that it may exploit these methanol-derived intermediates as energy sources. These features indicate that LAS72 may withstand osmotic fluctuations through the production of various osmoprotectants and thrive under the unique conditions of a methanol-fed environment. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of novel comammox Nitrospira and canonical Nitrospira forming a new sub-lineage within lineage VII of the Nitrospira genus in an ammonia-rich brackish environment provides the first genomic evidence for evolutionary adaptation among nitrifiers to saline, methanol-fed environments. These findings enhance our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics shaping nitrifier communities in complex treatment ecosystems. Video Abstract.
Ammonia↗
Contaminant-degrading bacteria are super carriers of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal landfills: A metagenomics-based study.
Municipal landfills are hotspot sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and are also important habitats of contaminant-degrading bacteria. However, high diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfills hinders assessing AMR risks in the affected environment. More concerned, whether there is co-selection or enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and contaminant-degrading bacteria in these extremely polluted environments is far less understood. Here, we collected metagenomic datasets of 32 raw leachate and 45 solid waste samples in 22 municipal landfills of China. The antibiotic resistome, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and contaminant-degrading bacteria were explored, and were then compared with other environmental types. Results showed that the antibiotic resistome in landfills contained 1,403 ARG subtypes, with the total abundance over the levels in natural environments and reaching the levels in human feces and sewage. Therein, 49 subtypes were listed as top priority ARGs for future surveillance based on the criteria of enrichment in landfills, mobilizable and present in pathogens. By comparing to those in less contaminated river environments, we elucidated an enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with contaminant-degrading potentials in landfills. Bacteria in Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, Xanthomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae deserved the most concerns since 72.2 % of ARG hosts were classified to them. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Escherichia coli were abundant multidrug-resistant pathogenic species in raw leachate (∼10.2 % of total microbiomes), but they rarely carried contaminant-degradation genes. Notably, several bacterial genera belonging to Pseudomonadaceae had the most antibiotic-resistant, pathogenic, and contaminant-degrading potentials than other bacteria. Overall, the findings highlight environmental selection for contaminant-degrading antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and provide significant insights into AMR risks in municipal landfills.
Metagenomics↗
Medical waste disposal: to burn or to landfill?
Conflicting regulations and varying definitions with regard to medical wastes and their disposal have long been a source of confusion for health care institutions attempting to resolve this problem. Presented for the interest of other concerned agencies are guidelines recently drafted by the task force on medical waste disposal of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for the handling and disposal of medical wastes.
Facility Regulation and Control↗
The current status of hazardous solid waste management.
Growth of the population and of industrialization, and substandard disposal of the increased waste products thus generated, have resulted in numerous documented cases of harm to human, plant, and animal health. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976), its stated goals, and its intended means of implementation, are discussed relative to hazardous waste problems. Subtitle C of this Act, and the authority granted by it to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are explained. Standards and regulations have been imposed upon those responsible for generating and transporting hazardous wastes, to ensure the ultimate safe disposal of such wastes in environmentally suitable, properly licensed facilities.
Environmental Pollution↗
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company's hazardous waste program.
This paper discusses the present hazardous waste program of 3M Company (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company). 3M's definition of hazardous waste and the company's position on hazardous waste disposal are first considered. The company position is that wherever and whenever the disposal of a waste material threatens the environment or public safety, then that waste should be considered a hazardous waste and treated accordingly in terms of its handling and ultimate disposal. The generation of hazardous wastes and the differentiation of "hazardous" and "nonhazardous" wastes are described next. Handling of hazardous wastes from their generation to their disposal is then covered. This includes a definition of internal 3M terminology and a description of the hazard rating system used by the company. Finally, 3M disposal practices are presented. It is 3M's position that thermal destruction of hazardous wastes, where appropriate, is the best method for their disposal. With this in mind, 3M has constructed incineration facilities throughout the country. The rotary kiln incinerator at the 3M Chemolite plant in Cottage Grove, Minnesota is briefly described. Disposal of certain hazardous wastes in controlled secure land disposal sites is then briefly discussed.
Equipment and Supplies↗
Water.. you can short-cut the plumbing code, but would a professional do it?
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Dental Equipment↗
The planning and construction of veterinary investigation laboratories in tropical and sub-tropical countries. IV. Ancillary buildings and carcass disposal.
Suggestions are made for the siting and construction of a post mortem unit, animal accommodation and other ancillary buildings for veterinary investigation laboratories in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The disposal of carcasses and other waste is also considered.
Animals↗
Radiological safety assessment for a low-level radioactive solid waste storage facility: preliminary risk evaluation by reliability techniques.
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Accidents, Occupational↗
The interpretation and applicati-n of OSHA carcinogen standards for laboratory operations.
A safety protocol implemented at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for a project involving 14 chemical carcinogens is described. Specific topics pertaining to facilities, personnel practice, laboratory operations, decontamination and disposal are discussed within the context of regulations issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Accident Prevention↗
Engineering copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanocomposites for enhanced eco-friendly photocatalysis: a systematic critical review on mechanisms, performance, and environmental applications.
Water pollution caused by organic and inorganic contaminants, particularly dyes and pharmaceuticals, represents a major environmental challenge. Advanced oxidation processes based on photocatalysts have emerged as efficient and sustainable approaches for water and wastewater treatment. Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) is considered a promising photocatalyst owing to its narrow bandgap, visible-light activity, chemical stability, and magnetic properties. Despite extensive experimental investigations, a comprehensive systematic comparison of CuFe2O4-based photocatalysts under diverse operational conditions has remained limited. In this study, a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using studies published between January 2014 and November 2025 indexed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. From an initial pool of 397 studies, 98 articles met the inclusion criteria. Key parameters - including pollutant type, pH, catalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, irradiation time, light source, and degradation efficiency - were quantitatively compared to identify performance trends and operational optima. The results demonstrate that CuFe2O4-based nanocomposites, particularly heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme architectures combined with TiO2, g-C3N4, graphene, and metal oxides, achieve high degradation efficiencies (often >90 %) for a wide range of organic pollutants and selected inorganic contaminants (e.g., Cr(VI)). Enhanced charge separation and suppressed electron-hole recombination were identified as the primary factors contributing to improved photocatalytic activity. In addition, the intrinsic magnetic properties of these nanocomposites enable facile catalyst recovery and reuse. In conclusion, CuFe2O4-based nanocomposites, especially those incorporating advanced heterojunction architectures, emerge as highly efficient and magnetically recoverable photocatalytic platforms for sustainable water and wastewater treatment, with strong potential for scalable implementation and real-wastewater applications.
Catalysis↗
Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) contamination of the Pine River, Gratiot, and Midland Counties, Michigan.
Michigan Chemical Corporation, St. Louis, Michigan manufactured PBB from 1970 until November 20, 1974. Studies in 1974 showed significant quantities of PBB in effluent discharged from the facility and in water, fish, ducks, and sediments from the Pine River. Fish uptake rates and bioconcentration factors were estimated. Followup surveys over the three year period since the termination of PBB production indicate a decline in PBB loadings to the river but no significant corresponding decline of PBB levels in sediments, fish and duck tissue. A Michigan Department of Public Health warning against consumption of Pine River fish from St. Louis downstream to its confluence with Chippewa River remains in effect.
Animals↗