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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to human wart virus and wart-associated tissue antigens.

Lymphocyte transformation (LT) and leucocyte migration inhibition in agarose were used to demonstrate cell-mediated immune response to purified human wart virus and wart tissue extract in various subjects with warts and those without past history of warts. Most individuals bearing warts for less than 1 year duration showed positive cell-mediated responses to both the virus and tissue extract whereas very few of those who had warts for longer duration responded to either antigenic preparation. The difference was statistically significant. Subjects who had warts in the past also showed positive responses but these tended to decrease in degree with time. Surprisingly a group of subjects who never had warts before also responded to stimulation with the virus, but not to the extract. The positive response to stimulation with wart tissue extract reflects the presence of wart associated antigens other than the virus. Cell-mediated immunity against the wart virus and wart-associated antigens is probably important in preventing the persistence or even establishment of disease but this protective immunity is short-lived. The lack of quantitative correlation between LT and leucocyte migration inhibition demonstrable in this study suggests that these two are separate events in in vitro lymphocyte stimulation with antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hunan wart-virus antibodies in patients with genital and skin warts.

A comparative follow-up study of the antibody response against human wart-virus was performed, using the immunodiffusion and complement fixation methods on patients with condylomas and skin warts. By the immunodiffusion method, 13% of the patients with skin warts and 3% of the patients with condylomas showed greater than or equal to fourfold increase of antibody titre during the follow-up of 2--35 months. The findings show some typical features of the weak antibody response of a chronic virus infection and suggest a serological overlapping between condyloma viruses and certain group of skin wart-viruses. The antibody prevalence in age-matched controls is shown to be significantly higher than that in the wart or condyloma patients' initial serum samples. This is indicative of the protective function of antibodies against warts and condylomas. Also the analysis of the history of warts in patients with condylomas suggests that protection against condylomas can be acquired from previous warts, evidently by immunological mechanisms. In a control group of medical students, human wart-virus antibodies were frequently (52%) found in subjects without any history of warts. This finding supports the view that human wart-virus can frequently induce latent or subclinical infections in human beings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Increased incidence of cervical cytological abnormalities in women with genital warts or contact with genital warts: a need for increased vigilance?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether women who have a history of genital warts or whose sexual partners have such a history were more likely to have borderline or dyskaryotic cervical smears than other women. DESIGN: Prospective study conducted over a five month period. SETTING: A genitourinary medicine clinic in Cambridge, UK. PATIENTS: One hundred and eighty five women who attended the clinic during the study period, on whom cervical cytology was performed. Ninety-seven had a history of genital warts and twenty had partners with genital warts. METHODS: Cervical cytology taken by standard methods. Demographic data and sexual history obtained by questionnaire. Colposcopy was performed on patients with a history of warts or wart contact. OUTCOME MEASURED: Relative incidence of cytological abnormalities in the various groups of patients. RESULTS: "Borderline" nuclear change was the most frequent abnormality reported in the wart contact group (six cases) whereas mild dyskaryosis was the most frequent abnormal finding in those women with a history of warts (21 cases). CONCLUSIONS: Women with warts or contact with genital warts were more likely to have borderline or dyskaryotic cervical smears than women without such a history. Recommendations for follow-up of these patients are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Warts and wart virus antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Warts were found in 25 out of 56 patients with definite or probable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but in only 19 out of 160 control patients. Warts were particularly prevalent in elderly patients with SLE. The corticosteroid and antimalarial drugs used to treat SLE did not influence the frequency of warts. Wart-virus antibodies were found significantly less often in patients with SLE than in controls: antibodies were detected in 23 out of 51 patients and in 40 out of 54 controls. Ihe findings suggest that some deficiency in the immune mechanisms of patients with SLE predisposes them to develop warts. There was an inverse correlation among the patients with SLE between the occurrence of warts and rheumatoid factor activity. This suggests that rheumatoid factor may interfere with resistance to warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Efflorescence of new warts: a sign of onset of involution in flat warts.

The sudden eruption of large numbers of tiny new warts in a patient with multiple flat warts often signals the onset of involution and subsequent regression of all flat warts. We have observed 5 such cases and, in this report, describe 2 cases in which the sudden efflorescence of many new warts was used as a sign to predict accurately the onset of involution and subsequent regression of all flat warts. Correlation of the histopathological and clinical findings provides an explanation for this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A new type of viral wart? A case of viral wart having intracytoplasmic filamentous substances].

Reported was a 16-year old Japanese girl suffering from peculiar viral warts on the soles. All lesions showed whitish punctate keratotic appearance. Three biopsy specimens taken from one patient were found to have particular intracytoplasmic basophilic eosinophilic filamentous substances in each cell. These intracytoplasmic substances were quite different from those of myrmecia, which was described as inclusion wart by Lyell and Myles. Myrmecia is caused by human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1) and its intracytoplasmic substances are characterized by numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. In spite of that immunohistologically papillomavirus common antigens were detected, HPV-1,2,4 was never detected by in situ hybridization method in our case. We assume that our case is a new type of viral wart.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Superficial radiotherapy of warts: results of treating 531 warts.

The fear of injurious effects has almost completely halted the use of radiotherapy in the cure of warts. Over a period of 24 years, the authors have treated 531 warts with both orthovoltage and superficial radiation equipment without any adverse effects. The selection of superficial or orthovoltage units was not dependent on the size of the lesion and was thought to be completely random.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A rapid method for the detection of papillomavirus in warts: the frequency of virus detection in various types of warts.

A rapid method was devised for the detection of virus particles in wart specimens. The upper layer of warts was cut perpendicularly to the surface, and the freshly cut surface was lightly touched to an electron microscope grid. The grid was then stained with a small drop of phosphotungstate and observed electron microscopically. On the specimen grid thus prepared, papillomavirus particles were easily discriminated from tissue debris. Papillomavirus particles were detected in 71% of verrucae plantares, 78% of verrucae palmares, 50% of verrucae vulgares and 75% of condylomata acuminata by the present method.

Condylomata Acuminata↗
PubMed1987

Anogenital warts: epidemiology, treatment and association with cervical atypia.

In Northern Ireland in 1984 anogenital warts were diagnosed in 592 (352 male, 240 female) genitourinary medicine clinic attenders. Of these patients, 561 were heterosexual, 28 homosexual and three male bisexual. In the male patients 290 had penile warts, 67 meatal warts, 59 perianal warts, 25 anal canal warts and five rectal warts. In the female patients, 193 had vulval warts, 27 vaginal warts, 25 cervical warts, 107 perianal warts, 30 anal canal warts and one a rectal wart. Sexual partners were brought to the clinic by 345 patients and of these 93 male and 100 female partners had genital warts.The mean time from exposure to development of warts was 17 weeks SE +/- 1.5 (range 1 week - 12 months). As treatment, podophyllin 25% was used alone in 218 patients, and 132 were known to have had clearance of warts. At least one other sexually transmissible infection was found in 407 (69%) of patients. Cervical smears were taken in 164 women and were abnormal in 40 (24%). Cervical cytology was recorded in 89 regular sexual partners of male patients and was abnormal in 23 (26%).

Female↗
PubMed1991

Subcutaneous interferon alpha 2a combined with cryotherapy vs cryotherapy alone in the treatment of primary anogenital warts: a randomised observer blind placebo controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient tolerance and treatment efficacy of subcutaneous interferon (IFN) alpha 2a plus cryotherapy versus cryotherapy alone in treatment of primary anogenital (AG) warts. DESIGN: Randomised placebo controlled observer blind study. Statistical analysis was by chi square and Mann Whitney U tests. PATIENTS: 60 patients with newly diagnosed AG warts. INTERVENTION: 29 and 31 patients were treated with subcutaneous IFN alpha 2a plus cryotherapy or placebo injections plus cryotherapy, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical presence or absence of AG warts. Patients wart-free at 8 weeks were asked to re-attend at 12 weeks; those with persistent warts at 8 weeks were withdrawn from the study. RESULTS: At 8 weeks 60.7% (17/28 patients) of the IFN group and 67.9% (19/28 patients) of the placebo group were clinically wart-free (not significant); corresponding figures at 12 week review were 29.6% (8/27 patients) and 40% (10/25 patients) respectively (not significant). There was no difference in treatment response between males and females. Recurrence of warts at three month review, in patients cleared of warts at 8 weeks, was seen in 50% (8/16) and 37.5% (6/16) of patients in the IFN and placebo groups respectively (not significant). Multiple warts and the presence of perianal/anal canal warts, either alone or concurrent with warts on the genitalia, at first clinic attendance, were adverse prognostic indicators (p less than 0.001, and p = 0.05 respectively). Cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, exophytic or subclinical, was present in 58.3% and 77.2% of females in the IFN and placebo groups respectively, at trial entry. Although these lesions were not directly treated, colposcopic resolution was seen in 12.5% of affected women, in both treatment groups, by the end of the 7 week treatment period. Systemic side effects were significantly more common in the IFN than in the placebo group, 50% versus 10.7% of patients (p less than 0.01). Severe influenza like symptoms occurred, after the first three injections only, in one patient treated with IFN; all other reported side effects were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous IFN alpha 2a combined with cryotherapy is no more effective than cryotherapy alone in the treatment of primary AG warts. The presence of multiple warts and perianal/anal canal warts are adverse prognostic indicators.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human papillomavirus DNA detection in primary anogenital warts and cervical low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias in adults by in situ hybridization.

In this study, 58 consecutive patients with primary anogenital warts were selected from patients attending a genitourinary clinic. Patients were grouped on the basis of clinical lesion site, i.e. patients with genital warts only, patients with perianal or anal canal warts only, and patients with concurrent perianal and genital warts. Of these patients, 38% of the men (12/31) and 33.3% of the women (9/27) had other anogenital infections, such as nonspecific urethritis (NSU) or nonspecific genital infection, which were the most common. Of the patients who had perianal warts, 37% of the men (7/19) and 25% of the women (4/16) also had warts in the anal canal. Of the women who had anogenital warts, 63% (17/27) had concurrent subclinical low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions. Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA (either 6 or 11, 16 or 18, or 31 or 33 or 35) was detected in 53.3% (40/75) of the anogenital wart biopsy samples, and in 35.2% (6/17) of the low-grade CIN lesions. HPV types 6 or 11 were the most common types in anogenital warts (45.3%); and in CIN lesions HPV types 6 or 11 and 16 or 18 were found with equal frequency (17.6% each). There were no significant differences in HPV types between patients with genital warts and patients with perianal and anal canal warts. Anogenital infection with HPV is multicentric; external anogenital warts and subclinical CIN lesions often exist concurrently. The low prevalence of HPV DNA detected in anogenital warts and CIN biopsy samples may be due to insensitivity of the in situ hybridization technique used in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunology of human warts.

Rapid advances have occurred in the characterization of human papilloma virus (HPV) types applying the new advanced techniques of restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular hybridization to human wart virus. Human papilloma virus can no longer be viewed as a single, homogeneous virus producing all varieties of clinical warts. At least three antigenically heterogeneous HPV types have been associated with common and plantar warts. Two additional HPV types have been found in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Condylomata acuminata and laryngeal papillomas contain viruses which are also distinct from the preceding viruses and may represent additional HPV types. This antigenic heterogeneity of HPV has important implications concerning the immunology of human warts which have not been taken into account in most previously published studies. Both antibody and cell-mediated responses may be seen in patients with active warts, but many patients with warts have no demonstrable immune reactions. The role of immunity in wart regression remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, the increased frequency of warts in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs and with immune deficiency states and the immunologic alterations which occur in patients with regressing or cured warts compared to patients with active warts, particularly the increased frequency of cell-mediated responses and antibodies specific for viral antigens, support a possible role for immunity in the resolution of warts. The evidence to date, however, does not prove that immune mechanisms are directly responsible for the elimination of warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The morphology of butchers' warts as related to papillomavirus types.

Hand warts were studied in 160 butchers. Clinical and histological studies were performed in 190 warts and virological studies in 165 warts from 104 butchers. Since we found almost perfect correlation between the histological pattern and the type of infecting virus, it was possible to evaluate the virus types in a further 39 of 56 butchers without virological studies, on the basis of the histology of the warts. The most common infection was with HPV-2 (human papilloma virus) and HPV-7. Thirty-three butchers were infected with two types of viruses and three butchers with three HPVs. The morphology of warts varied considerably. The majority were similar to verrucae vulgares or verrucae planae. Some deep warts resembled myrmecia-type verrucae plantares. Often, several types of warts coexisted. Some clinical patterns were shown to be preferentially associated with distinct types of papillomaviruses: common warts with HPV-2, HPV-4, or HPV-7, plane and intermediate warts with HPV-3, HPV-10, HPV-28. HPV-7, previously identified for the first time in these butchers, was found to be associated with common warts or common wart-like, papillomatous lesions.

DNA↗