Workshop on low vision mobility. The low vision person--a marginal man.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Vision, Low”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Low vision rehabilitation: basic concepts and terms.
1. Ophthalmic professionals should avoid using the term "blindness' when referring to lesser levels of vision loss. Vision loss describes any type or degree of change in vision; blindness is total loss of sight. 2. Ophthalmologists deal with anatomy and organ function whereas rehabilitation counselors address the socioeconomic and skills aspects of vision loss. Successful visual rehabilitation must be a team effort with good communication between all professionals. 3. The replacement of the simple dichotomy between "legally sighted" and "legally blind" by normal vision, low vision, and blindness provides a more accurate and less stigmatizing classification.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Low vision rehabilitation: visual acuity measurement in the low vision range.
1. To predict function and prescribe low vision aids, accurate measurements are needed. The routine measurement range can be extended by moving test charts normally used at 20 ft to a closer distance; 1 m is recommended, which gains a factor of 6. 2. Some practitioners recommend testing all reading at a standard distance, but they differ in the distances they recommend. Using a variable distance and recording the distance with every measurement allows for patients' preferred distances. 3. If the distance and letter size are properly recorded, the same visual acuity score should be calculated for all distances. Inches and J numbers, the most prevalent measurements, make visual acuity calculations impossible, but by adopting metric measurements, calculations are far easier.
Distance Perception↗
The role of eye pathology in low vision evaluation.
The low vision patient's ultimate function and ability to profit from his rehabiliation are influenced by his eye disease. A discussion of low vision patient management uses as a basis the observation that greater success is evidenced when the low vision patient is treated in the context of his eye disease, visual acuity and his subsequent adjustment problems. The diagnosis, visual acuity and the visual field are explored as elements of a functional classification. The author classifies eye diseases according to the pattern of visual field loss: no loss of visual field; central or macular field loss; peripheral or perimacular field loss. Visual characteristics are then elaborated and case management is suggested in the context of each category.
Eye Diseases↗
Managing the low vision patient.
The low vision child has long been neglected by the professional community. A self-analysis of the usefulness of optometric service must be made as to professional attitudes and the understanding of the low vision aids as well as the patient that is expected to wear them. Once these hurdles are overcome, the optometrist is more able to help the low vision child become a productive, contributing member of society.
Child↗
Workshop on low vision mobility. Visual training with optical aids: one facet of low vision service.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Low vision: the forgotten treatment.
Low vision is subnormal visual acuity or abnormal visual field resulting from a disorder in the visual system that cannot be corrected with ordinary eye glasses or by medical or surgical intervention. The major causes for low vision are macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts. Low vision devices are often helpful for all of these causes. A low vision comprehensive visual rehabilitation examination usually includes initial interviews with patients and their families, with an emphasis on the patients' goals and realistic expectations of what they want to achieve.
Aged↗
Every optometrist's concern--patient's access to low vision services.
Persons with low vision are increasing in numbers and searching for access to quality low vision services. Working with these patients is an important part of all optometric service models. Issues that should be considered and services that should be provided to patients with low vision are discussed.
Aging↗
The experience of a university-based low vision clinic.
An open low vision clinic has been in operation at University of Wales College of Cardiff, Department of Optometry for 5 years. This paper describes the demography and visual characteristics of 218 consecutively presenting patients. A detailed survey of the aids prescribed is conducted. A significant proportion of low vision patients required only simple aids (56.8%) and low magnification (71.6%). It is suggested that these patients could be assisted in an optometric practice. In addition, visual acuity, distance or near is not a good indicator of eventual visual performance with an LVA. Therefore, it was concluded that all patients having measurable form vision should receive a low vision assessment.
Adolescent↗
A multidiscipline approach in low vision rehabilitation.
The first low vision clinic was instituted at the Industrial Home for the Blind in 1953 in response to a growing demand that more effective use be made of the residual vision in blind persons. The technology was there. Eye practitioners certainly knew enough about vision problems to offer many of these people an opportunity to enter a new life. The problem was: how to put that knowledge to work through a sound service delivery system. By its twentieth anniversary in 1973 the clinic had seen almost 5,000 patients for low vision evaluation and had built a service which consistently provided substantial and useful improvement in vision through the use of optical aids to a majority of its patients. The low vision optometric staff works as an integral part of a rehabilitation team. That team consists of a number of professionals, including ophthalmologists, social workers, teachers, and a variety of rehabilitation instructors. All members work simultaneously to create a total program of rehabilitation for thepartially sighted. We feel this teamwork approach is of basic importance to effective rehabilitation.
Adolescent↗
Challenges in applying autofocus technology to low vision telescopes.
Autofocus (AF) low vision telescopes offer the potential to increase the acceptance and utilization of such low vision aids (LVA) by the visually impaired. Many patients resist conventional manual focus telescopes for a variety of reasons including appearance, field of view, weight, and utility. The elderly who comprise the significant part of the target population may also resist telescopes due to an avoidance of the technical challenge of its use. Although an AF telescope is technically advanced, it may allow for less manipulation by the wearer and hence enable its more effective application to visual tasks, especially in the near- to mid-range where depths of field narrow and the demands for focusing increase. There are many challenges involved in the application of AF technology to LVA including modification of the focusing range, signal processing for physiologically acceptable performance, and power and weight considerations. A preliminary infrared (IR) AF prototype based upon our recent work with the Ocutech Vision Enhancing System (VES) has been produced. Initial findings are presented which address the requirements of a subsequent version as well as the challenges that will be faced to optimize such a device.
Audiovisual Aids↗
The contrast sensitivity function in low vision.
The contrast sensitivity of 51 low vision patients (95 eyes) showed a substantial decrease in all spatial frequencies. The peak contrast sensitivity was shifted to 1 C/D from the normal 3-4 C/D. The high-frequency cut off is correlated to the visual acuity positively. Of the 33 patients, the preferred eye was the eye with better peak sensitivity in 28 patients (84%), while the preferred eye was the eye with better visual acuity in 22 patients (66%). It seems that the peak sensitivity is more important than visual acuity in determining eye preference. It provides a useful information for the clinician to determine which eye to train with low vision aids. Forty patients among 46 patients (87%) with RFN (Recognized Frequency Number) > or = 3 are able to read No.5 reading card, while 5 patients among 5 patients with RFN < 3 are not able to read No.5 reading card. The contributions of CSF to the low vision are evaluated.
Adolescent↗
Clinical study of low vision. Part I: Refraction and the aided distance vision.
Eighty three cases of low vision patients (144 eyes) were examined with distant visual aids. The average visual acuity of the 144 eyes before refraction was approximately 0.07, while the counterpart afterwards was about 0.1 (p less than 0.01). With the 4x monocular focusable aid, acuity improved in 142 eyes out of the 144 eyes. The combined use of clip-on distance aid and the spectacle reading aid was observed to be especially suitable for partially sighted students. The mean MEF of 142 eyes was 0.9435 +/- 0.2068. The paired T-test between the difference of actual magnification and theoretical magnification was not significant at the 5% level. The factors contributing to the variance of MEF were discussed.
Adolescent↗
Low vision management of retinitis pigmentosa.
The low vision treatment of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has evolved through an understanding of the needs of the patient with extreme peripheral field constriction. Patient care involves four main areas: 1) best refraction and simple magnification, including the possibility of electronic type magnification for reading; 2) control of glare and determination of the proper illumination for reading and mobility; 3) use of field enhancement procedures for sighting and for mobility, including the understanding of cane travel and scanning techniques; 4) additional counseling and ancillary care. Through the methods described, patients who might have been poor prospects for low vision care 15 or 20 years ago, may now be able to function at much higher levels.
Eyeglasses↗
Specialization in low vision rehabilitation and visual therapy.
A questionnaire was mailed to members of the Low Vision Section (LVS) of the American Optometric Association (AOA) and the Council on Visual Development (COVD) to determine the practice patterns of low vision clinicians, amount and source of specialty training and the extent of dual specialization in both low vision rehabilitation and visual training by members of COVD. Results indicate that 61.1 percent of AOA/LVS members and 20.9 percent of COVD members examine more than four patients per month who require low vision services. Yet, only 2.1 percent of COVD respondents and 32.2 percent of AOA/LVS respondents spend more than 20 percent of their practice time providing low vision services.
Humans↗
[The relationship between reading rehabilitation and visual functions in low vision].
Reading rehabilitation was done for 51 low vision patients who underwent tests of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and the visual field. The results showed that the recognized frequency of CSF was related to the reading capability. The CSF was useful in predicting the reading prognosis, and visual field impairment significantly affected the reading ability. The relationship between the reading rehabilitation and the visual functions was discussed.
Adolescent↗
Visual characteristics of low vision children.
A retrospective survey of pediatric clinical files from the Kooyong Low Vision Clinic (LVC) showed that the major causes of low vision were congenital or inherited conditions and most children had 6/60 (20/200) or better distance acuities. A classroom evaluation of these children showed that overall, the clinically determined visual acuity corresponded with classroom performance. A high rate of use of prescribed low vision aids was found, and a reading evaluation on a standardized test showed poor performance with respect to reading speed and comprehension, but almost all the children had adequate reading accuracy. Considering the importance of reading in education, greater emphasis on reading evaluations in routine low vision examinations is recommended.
Adolescent↗
Predictors of functional success in telescopic spectacle use by low vision patients.
Telescopic spectacles can theoretically improve function of low vision patients by enlarging retinal images. However, unintended head movement may produce sufficient instability of enlarged retinal images to negate the visual benefit. We investigated this phenomenon as a cause of failure in 38 low vision patients who had previously attempted use of telescopic spectacles. Patients underwent evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, visual-vestibulo-ocular reflex, head stability in the pitch and yaw axes, and sensitivity of magnified visual acuity to head motion. Although it was impossible to distinguish successful from unsuccessful telescopic spectacle users by means of clinical or historical data, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to derive a useful predictive function based on measurements of sensitivity of magnified vision to head motion, and head instability in the pitch axis. Predictive performance was found to be superior to conventional clinical judgement. These findings support the hypothesis that retinal image stability is important to functional vision, and suggest that head-stabilizing strategies may improve function with telescopic spectacles in certain low vision patients.
Adult↗