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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonic detection of viscera slide as an indicator of abdominal wall adhesions.

Real-time ultrasonography can detect the movement of viscera immediately deep to the abdominal wall. This motion of abdominal contents is called viscera slide, and is produced by the force of respiratory motion (spontaneous viscera slide) or by manual ballottement of the abdomen (induced viscera slide). Viscera slide was observed in 18 "normal" subjects (no history of previous abdominal surgery or peritonitis) and in 24 subjects at "risk" for abdominal wall adhesions because of previous abdominal operations or past history of peritonitis. In 14 of the 24 "risk" group subjects, spontaneous and induced viscera slide was restricted to excursions of less than 1 cm (58.3%). Operations were performed on 18 patients, which confirmed the fact that restriction of ultrasonically detected viscera slide identified abdominal wall adhesions in all cases, but no adhesions were found in patients with normal viscera slide. This ultrasonic finding of restricted viscera slide may be useful in the preoperative discovery and localization of abdominal wall adhesions prior to laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Dietary arginine deficiency alters flux of glutamine and urea cycle intermediates across the portal-drained viscera and liver of rats.

The effect of an arginine-deficient diet on net flux of amino acids across the portal-drained viscera and across the liver was studied in rats. Blood was obtained after food deprivation and 1 and 2 h after a meal of a 1.0% arginine control diet or an arginine-deficient diet containing 3.4% glutamate. The arginine-deficient diet decreased net portal-drained viscera flux of arginine and increased net portal-drained viscera flux of ornithine and proline. However, net portal-drained viscera flux of citrulline (0.35 +/- 0.05 mumol/min) was not influenced by diet; of this rate, 46% (0.16 mumol/min) bypassed the liver and was available for extrahepatic arginine synthesis. However, rats continued to exhibit signs of arginine deficiency such as decreased blood arginine concentrations (by 28%) and increased orotic acid excretion (90-fold). Arterial blood glutamine concentration was 25% higher in rats fed the arginine-deficient diet. In the fed state, net hepatic flux of glutamine was elevated from 0.15 (control) to 1.39 mumol/min, indicating that the liver was a major source of the increased blood glutamine concentrations. Increased production of hepatic glutamine and orotic acid may help rats compensate for dietary arginine deficiency, whereas splanchnic output of citrulline was not increased with dietary arginine deficiency even with a substantial dietary supply of glutamate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Altered glutamine metabolism in rat portal drained viscera and hindquarter during hyperammonemia.

In normal rats, muscle is the major glutamine releasing organ and gut is the major glutamine consuming organ. It has been suggested that enhanced muscle ammonia detoxification and gut ammonia production occurs during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia. Therefore, ammonia and amino acid fluxes across portal-drained viscera and hindquarter, and muscle concentrations were measured in portacaval shunted and acute liver ischemia rats. Arterial ammonia and most amino acids were increased after portacaval shunting and increased progressively during liver ischemia, but net hindquarter ammonia uptake was not observed. Net hindquarter glutamine efflux was increased during portacaval shunting, but it decreased during liver ischemia, while muscle glutamine concentrations increased. The comparable net portal drained viscera glutamine uptake in normal and portacaval shunted rats changed during liver ischemia from net uptake to release, coinciding with release of most other amino acids. These results cast doubt on the ammonia detoxifying role of muscle during acute liver ischemia-induced hyperammonemia in the rat. The portal drained viscera glutamine release during severe hyperammonemia could be due to intestinal damage.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

The effects of experimentally induced fever on the estimated blood flow to and oxygen utilization by the liver and the viscera drained by the portal vein in sheep.

Intrajugular injection of a purified E. coli lipopolysaccharide induced a biphasic fever in sheep after a latent period of 12 to 20 min. The changes in the blood flow from the liver and from the viscera drained by the portal vein were: (a) in the latent period, decreases in total hepatic blood flow (THF) due to decreased portal venous blood flow (PVF); (b) during the first febrile phase, increases in THF due to increased hepatic arterial blood flow and, (c) in the second febrile phase, decreases in THF due to decreased PVF. Although there were large variations in the oxygen supply to the viscera drained by the portal vein and to the liver, there were relatively small or no changes in their oxygen consumption.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Net absorption of macrominerals by portal-drained viscera of lactating Holstein Cows and beef steers.

Net absorption of macrominerals by portal-drained viscera of cattle was measured in two experiments. In Experiment 1, net portal-drained visceral and liver flux of Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg were measured in four lactating Holstein cows fed a 60:40 corn silage:concentrate diet ad libitum and milked at 12-h intervals. Twelve measurements of net flux (venous-arterial concentration difference x blood plasma flow) were obtained hourly at 4 and 8 wk postpartum. Intake of DM and milk yield averaged 15.6 and 32.2 kg/d, respectively. Excluding Na, net absorption of these macrominerals was measurable across portal-drained viscera. Flux of Na was negative at wk 4 postpartum (net removal from blood) and positive at wk 8 (net absorption into blood). Excluding Mg, differences in venous-arterial concentrations for macrominerals across the liver were not different from zero. In Experiment 2, net portal-drained visceral flux of Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg was partitioned into stomach and poststomach sections in two Hereford steers. Poststomach tissues accounted for essentially all such absorption of K, Ca, and P and, on a net basis, removed Na and Mg. Stomach tissues absorbed Mg and small amounts of K, Ca, and P. Net stomach flux of Na was positive, denoting net absorption, but highly variable. Net portal-drained visceral absorption of K increased with intake in both experiments. Net portal-drained visceral absorption of P was greater than total intake in both experiments, reflecting recycling of P via saliva and other digestive secretions.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Hepatic regeneration in the absence of portal viscera.

In an effort to investigate the influence of portal factors on hepatic regeneration in the rat and to clarify glucagon's apparent regulatory role, a rat preparation was developed which was totally devoid of portal viscera and thus deficient in all possible hepatotrophic substances of portal origin. It was found that, following partial hepatectomy, such an eviscerate rat was able to undergo hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, but the peak DNA synthetic response was significantly delayed by such portal deprivation. As demonstrated by a group of rats with intact portal viscera, but with a portacaval shunt, reduction of blood supply to the hepatic remnant by diversion of portal flow accounted for only a portion of the delay. The remainder of the delay encountered in the eviscerate group was attributed to the deprivation of specific portal substances. Since glucagon supplementation administered to the deficient eviscerate animal restored peak DNA synthesis to the time of its appropriate shunted control, this hepatotrophic substance is a major portal factor modifying the response to partial hepatectomy. Evidence is cited which suggests that glucagon's influence on DNA synthesis is mediated through the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and subsequent histone phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fasciola hepatica: early lesions in the viscera of seven pulmonate species after penetration of the miracidium.

Early lesions were studied in four viscera of seven pulmonate species on the 2nd day after miracidial exposure. The albumen gland, the digestive gland, and the gonad of infected snails demonstrated not only normal tissue but also the presence of two stages of epithelial necrosis. Multifocal necrosis predominated, with varying percentages of frequency depending on the snail species and stage of life; generalized necrosis was more seldom observed. In the kidney, epithelial necrosis was encountered more frequently than intralamellar deposits.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: net hormone metabolism by portal-drained viscera and liver.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and intake on arterial concentrations and net visceral metabolism of hormones were measured in six growing Hereford x Angus steers using a split-plot design with 4-wk injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Steers were fed a 75% concentrate diet at two intakes and were injected s.c. twice daily with saline or GRF (10 micrograms/kg of BW). Arterial concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were measured on d 1 and d 8 to 10 of injections. Eleven measurements, obtained at 30-min intervals, of arterial concentration and net flux of hormones across portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were obtained on d 8 to 10 of injections (six hourly measurements were used for insulin-like growth factor-I [IGF-I] and somatostatin). The area under the GH curve and average and peak GH concentrations were increased (P less than .01) by GRF and were greater (P less than .10) at low than at high intake. Liver removal of GH was not affected by GRF or intake. Arterial IGF-I concentration was increased (P less than .05) by GRF and not affected by intake. Treatments did not affect IGF-I flux across the liver. Arterial insulin concentration was greater (P less than .05) at high than at low intake, in part because of greater (P less than .01) PDV release. Increased (P less than .10) arterial insulin concentration in GRF-treated steers was not attributable to significant changes in PDV or liver net flux. Arterial glucagon concentration was greater (P less than .01) at high than at low intake, in part because of greater (P less than .05) PDV glucagon release and decreased (P less than .10) liver extraction ratio. Effects of intake on arterial concentration of insulin and glucagon were in part due to changes in visceral metabolism, but GRF did not affect PDV or liver hormone metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera and liver.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and intake on net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were measured in six growing Hereford x Angus steers fed a 75% concentrate diet at two intakes in a split-plot design with 4-wk saline or GRF injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Daily rations were fed as 12 equal meals delivered every 2 h. Steers were injected s.c. for 21 d with either saline or 10 micrograms/kg of (1-29)NH2 human GRF at 12-h intervals. Six hourly measurements of net nutrient flux (venous-arterial concentration different [VA] x blood flow) across PDV and liver were obtained 8 to 10 d after injections began. Energy and N balances were measured using respiration calorimetry during the last week of injections. Greater intake increased blood flow (P less than .01) and net visceral release or removal of most nutrients (P less than .10). Exceptions included a decrease (P less than .10) in net PDV glucose release with greater intake in saline-treated steers and a decrease (P less than .01) in net liver removal of lactate with greater intake. Treatment of steers with GRF decreased net liver removal of alpha-amino N (AAN; P less than .05) and ammonia N (NH3N; P less than .10) and release of urea N (UN; P less than .05), increased liver release of glutamate (P less than .05), and decreased net PDV release of NH3 N (P less than .10). Decreased liver extraction ratio for AAN in GRF-treated steers (P less than .01) implies a direct effect of GRF treatment on liver metabolism separate from changes in liver AAN supply. Proportions of body N retention not accounted for by net total splanchnic AAN release increased with GRF treatment. This suggests a change in peripheral utilization of dietary AAN supply or an increase in total splanchnic N retention.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Electron microscopic observation of the effects of Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel.) Maxim. in preventing damage of the rat viscera by a hypoxic high altitude environment].

This paper has shown that the pathologic damages done to rat's viscera due to hypoxic environment of altitude can be reduced significantly by oral administrations of Shengmaiyin, Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture and Rhodiola kirilowii. Shengmaiyin that maintains interior substances in the plate layer bodies proves more effective than Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture, while the latter excels in preventing capillary contraction, thus improving blood circulation. Rhodiola kirilowii has the effects of both Shengmaiyin and Danshen-Chuanxiong mixtures.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMed1979

The basiepithelial nerve plexus of the viscera and coelom of eleutherozoan Echinodermata.

The organisation of the basiepithelial nerve plexus in the alimentary canal of a starfish and the water vascular system of a sea-urchin is described. The plexus contains varicose aminergic neurones which terminate adjacent to the ciliated epithelial cells. It is proposed that the basiepithelial plexus innervates these cells and controls ciliary beating. The distribution of the basiepithelial plexus in various tissues described by other workers is discussed particularly in relation to whether it is the coelomic epithelium or the luminal epithelium which is innervated. It is concluded that where there is both an endothelium and a coelomic epithelium only one is innervated. The muscles, where present, of the viscera are innervated by a separate nervous system. The muscles are always on the opposite side of the non-cellular connective tissue sheath to the basiepithelial plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Phosphonosphingoglycolipid, a novel sphingolipid from the viscera of Turbo cornutus.

A novel lipid which contained long-chain base, fatty acid, galactose and N-methylamino-ethylphosphonic acid in an equimolar was isolated from the viscera of Turbo cornutus. The method used for the structural elucidation of this lipid were partial acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. The structure of break-down products were mainly identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The structure of the novel lipid was determined to be 1-O-[6'-O-(N-methylaminoethyl-phosphonyl) galactopyranosyl] ceramide. Mass spectra of galactose-N-methylaminoethylphospnate and glycerol-N-methylamino-ethylphosphonate are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Purification and properties of blood group A-active glycoprotein from oyster viscera.

A blood group A active substance was isolated from an acetone-dried powder of oyster viscera by extraction with 0.1 M NaCl after heating a homogenate with extraction medium, in boiling water. After the removal of the acidic fraction with cetylpyridinium chloride, the separated neutral fraction was digested successively with alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase to remove glycogen. The blood group A-active portion was eluted from a Sepharose 4B column and purified by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The purified active substance was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated as 100 000 by sedimentation equilibrium. The sugar content of the purified active substance, expressed in percentage of dry weight, was galactosamine, 16.6; galactose, 12.5; fucose, 9.9; glucosamine, 4.6; and glucose, 3.3. Sialic acid was not detected. Total amino acid content was 23.0% and the main constituents were threonine, proline and serine. The ORD spectrum indicated that the hexosamines were N-acetylated. Absence of glycolipid was confirmed by the analysis of fatty acid and sphingosine base. This active substance had a strong blood group A activity (0.04 mug/ml) but neither B nor H activity; it interacted with lima bean lectin but not with concanavalin A.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomographic diagnosis of pseudoascites (floating viscera syndrome).

Two cases of excessive fat deposition in the abdomen, confused clinically as massive ascites, are reported. Computed tomography (CT) has proven useful in making a definitive diagnosis of fat deposition in the abdominal and retroperitoneal space and has made further clinical studies unnecessary. No prior cases of pseudoascites (floating viscera syndrome) have been reported in the radiologic literature despite the specificity of CT diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of a microcrystalline bovine collagen hemostatic agent in canine solid viscera injury using abdominal impedance plethysmography.

Bioelectric impedance as a sensitive noninvasive technique for detecting and monitoring changes in compartmental body fluid volume was used to compare the efficacy of two hemostatic agents in controlling postoperative abdominal bleeding following surgically induced solid viscera injury. Gelatin foam-oxidized cellulose sponge and bovine MCHH were both effective topical hemostatic agents. It appears that MCCH has certain advantages over conventional agents.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

The effect of splanchnic viscera removal upon canine liver regeneration.

The influence of portal blood factors on canine liver regeneration was studied with graded nonhepatic splanchnic evisceration, coupled with 44 and 72 per cent hepatectomies. In one type of experiment, the pancreas was retained while the rest of the intra-abdominal gastrointestinal tract was removed. In a second variety, total pancreatectomy was performed with preservation of the intra-abdominal organs. In a third kind of experiment, total nonhepatic splanchnic evisceration was performed. Liver regeneration after hepatectomy was decreased by all three kinds of viscera removed as judged by deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, autoradiography and mitotic index. Pancreatectomy and nonpancreatic splanchnic evisceration caused almost equal decreases in the regenerative response. Total nonhepatic splanchnic evisceration essentially halted regeneration during the first three postoperative days and intraportal infusions of insulin or glucagon, or both together, did not reverse this effect. The decrease in liver membrane bound adenyl cyclase activity and biphasic change in liver cyclic 3', 5' -adenosine monophosphate concentrations normally seen after partial hepatectomy were disrupted after the various eviscerations. Adenyl cyclase activity and cyclic 3', 5' -adenosine monophosphate concentrations tended to be higher than normal in the eviscerated dogs. These observations provide more support for our previously proposed hypothesis that control of liver regeneration is by multiple factors. Pancreatic hormones are important modifiers of this response but, by no means, exercise exclusive control. Other substances of gastrointestinal origin, presumably including hormones and nutrient supply apparently play important specific roles. The volume of portal flow is a secondary and nonspecific, but possibly significant, factor.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1990

Lymphoma of the solid abdominal viscera.

Lymphomas of the solid abdominal viscera include hepatic (both primary and secondary), splenic, and pancreatic lymphomas. The use of the various diagnostic imaging modalities in each of these lymphomas is discussed, and the imaging appearance of each is described.

Hodgkin Disease↗