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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Enzyme immunoassay of viomycin. New cross-linking reagent for enzyme labelling and a preparation method for antiserum to viomycin.

A new cross-linking reagent of the hetero-bisfunctional type, a N-(maleimidobenzoyloxy)-succinimide (MBS) was prepared and used for enzyme labelling of viomycin under mild aqueous conditions by a two-step process. In the first step a maleimide residue was selectively introduced onto the N1-amino group of viomycin with a limited amount of MBS. The second step consisted of thioether formation between the maleimide residue and free thiol groups of beta-D-galactosidase. An antiserum to viomycin was raised in rabbit by immunization with a viomycin-BSA conjugate. The conjugate was prepared by protecting N6-amino group of viomycin with an acetyl group and succinylating the N1-amino group, activating the carboxyl group by a mixed anhydride method and coupling it with the amino groups of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The specificity of the antiserum was proved by an enzyme immunoassay based on the competition between viomycin and its enzyme conjugate toward diluted solutions of the antiserum. By use of the viomycin-enzyme conjugate and the antiserum to viomycin, enzyme immunoassay of viomycin was successfully performed by the competitive binding procedure with the double-antibody method, and 0.1 to 4 ng of the antibiotic could be detected.

Galactosidases↗
PubMed1982

High dimensional structure of the antigen-binding site of anti-viomycin immunoglobulin analyzed by enzyme immunoassay.

Precise immunological recognition of anti-viomycin antiserum at detailed parts in the structure of viomycin was studied by cross reactivities of the antiserum to viomycin and its ten analogs using an enzyme immunoassay of viomycin. The antiserum clearly recognized all minor modifications in the sixteen membered ring of viomycin, indicating that the antiserum clearly recognizes the whole structure of the sixteen membered ring. Recognition of the antiserum on the beta-lysine terminus was also examined showing that the antiserum was also recognized on this part. Thus, the anti-viomycin antiserum was deduced to recognize the whole structure of viomycin, from which the deduction was made that the anti-viomycin antibodies in the antiserum must possess cavities fitting the whole structure of viomycin. The crystal dimensions of viomycin are 13 A in length, 8 A in width, and 7 A in depth. Thus, the high dimensional structure of the binding sites of the anti-viomycin antibodies was deduced to possess cavities of a similar size to that of viomycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Viomycin favours the formation of 70S ribosome couples.

The peptide antibiotic viomycin at a concentration of 10 muM inhibits E. coli ribosomes to the extent of about 70% as measured in the poly (U) system, and to about 85% in a natural mRNA (R17) system. Ribosomes from M. smegmatis show no activity at all at this concentration of the antibiotic. Experiments on the Mg+2 dependent dissociation and association of the ribosomal subunits revealed that viomycin stabilizes the 70S couples and promotes association of ribosomal subunits. This response is related to the drug action as indicated by the observation that viomycin resistant strains are not affected by viomycin with respect to dissociation and 70S couple information. A model for the inhibitory action of the drug is proposed.

Depression, Chemical↗
PubMed1977

Cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis to kanamycin, capreomycin and viomycin.

Drug resistant mutants to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin, capreomycin, and rifampicin were isolated from four strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mutants isolated from each parent were then tested for evidence of development of cross-resistance to other drugs. There was no cross-resistance between either streptomycin or rifampicin and any of the other drugs. Complete cross-resistance between viomycin and capreomycin was found. Cross-resistance between kanamycin and capreomycin, and kanamycin and viomycin was variable. A review of the medical histories of 27 patients with kanamycin-resistant tubercle bacilli indicated that cross-resistance with capreomycin and viomycin occurs, but is unpredictable. Because of this variability in cross-resistance and the fact that kanamycin is a more toxic drug than capreomycin, it is suggested that capreomycin be used in the first retreatment regimen for tuberculosis when streptomycin resistance has been demonstrated.

Capreomycin↗
PubMed1980

Dinucleotide codon-anticodon interaction as a minimum requirement for ribosomal aa-tRNA binding: stabilisation by viomycin of aa-tRNA in the A site.

The requirements for the decoding process at the ribosomal A site have been investigated in the presence of viomycin. For these studies natural mRNA was replaced either by the synthetic oligonucleotide A-U-G(-U)n, with 0 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 4, or by a physical mixture of the oligonucleotides A-U-G and various oligo(U) sequences. Thus the effect of the "removal" of selected covalent bonds from the sequence A-U-G(U)n could be studied. When the ribosomal P site contains tRNAMetf, then normally the full hexanucleotide "messenger" A-U-G-U-U-U is needed for the EF-Tu-mediated binding of Phe-tRNA into the A site. However in presence of viomycin the pentanucleotide A-U-G-U-U suffices for this. It is also possible in the presence of viomycin to replace A-U-G-U and U-U. In all the above systems the binding of Phe-tRNA required the presence of EF-Tu and GTP. The results suggest that viomycin reinforces interactions between aa-tRNA and the A site after the codon-anticodon recognition step.

Anticodon↗
PubMed1972

Analysis of ribosomes from viomycin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Viomycin-resistant strains were isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Ribosomes were isolated and tested for drug resistance in subcellular systems containing poly(U) as messenger ribonucleic acid. Resistance to viomycin in these strains was due to altered ribosomes. Further analysis showed that viomycin resistance of two mutants with low level resistance (20 mug/ml) was due to altered 30S ribosomal subunits. Another mutant that was highly resistant to viomycin (1 mg/ml), however, had altered 50S ribosomal subunits.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Viomycin-induced electrolyte abnormalities.

Severe hypokalemia (2.6 mEq/l), hypomagnesemia (0.6 mg/dl), mild hypercalcemia (10.9 mg/dl), and secondary hyperaldosteronism developed in a patient receiving viomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis. Reversible renal wasting of both potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg++) was documented. Viomycin administered to 40 rats resulted in severe damage to the proximal tubule and mild damage to the distal tubule. THe case report and experimental data suggest viomycin induces proximal tubule dysfunction that results in renal wasting of sodium, K+ and Mg++ and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Hypercalcemia, not previously associated with viomycin therapy, may be secondary to hypomagnesemia-induced hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗