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Results for “Violence--prevention and control”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

A youth violence prevention program. Description and preliminary evaluation.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: In response to growing violence, primary prevention programs have been launched, but scientific rationale and credible evaluations have been lacking. METHODS: Fifth and seventh-grade students in three inner-city schools (n = 135) participated in a violence prevention program. Controls consisted of students from the same schools and grades during the following school year (n = 115). Students were taught social problem-solving skills and risk factors for violence. Multivariate analyses were performed on posttest measures while controlling for base-line differences. RESULTS: Program participants were much less likely to define social problems in adversarial ways, were less likely to provide violent solutions in hypothetical conflict situations, listed more negative consequences to using violence, and were less inclined to legitimatize violence. Risk factor knowledge also was significantly increased. No increase was shown in the students' abilities to identify viable nonviolent solutions. CONCLUSIONS: The program produced immediate influences on knowledge and some attitudes and social skills shown to be related to aggressive behavior.

Aggression↗
PubMed1995

Research, prevention, and quality assurance in traumatic brain injury: a public hospital perspective.

The following recommendations are made: increased Medicaid reimbursement for head injury patients to public hospitals that provide care to disproportionately large numbers of these unemployed, uninsured patients, develop comprehensive federal control legislation concerning gun control, develop violence prevention programs such as curricula to combine public health and criminal justice approach, develop trauma registry for neurologic injuries (brain and spinal cord), enforce the use of seat belts and cycle helmets, develop practice guidelines for traumatic brain-injured patients, continue research into the mechanisms and management of brain swelling, neuronal regrowth and transplantations, and other mechanisms to overcome neurologic deficits as well as continue research on post-traumatic syndrome, which results from minor head injuries yet causes significant morbidity and costs, and establish comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation programs to include physical, cognitive, and behavioral approaches and support systems (eg, "halfway house").

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1995

Strategic footholds for medical education about domestic violence.

The author describes in detail the successful education initiatives on domestic violence, especially violence against adult women, that have been implemented for family medicine residents at the St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center in St. Paul, Minnesota, and for medical students at each of the three Minnesota medical schools. For example, in 1990 the residency program adopted a community-oriented primary care approach to teaching and clinical activities, including the area of domestic violence. This approach stresses partnerships with community organizations that deal with domestic abuse. Also developed was a curriculum to help residents deal with their apprehension about domestic violence and acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they need to confront this problem effectively. At the three medical schools, teaching about domestic violence takes place in preclinical courses, during clinical rotations (where students work with abuse victims), and through extracurricular activities. The author describes some important types of resistance to having instruction about domestic violence in the medical curriculum. To move forward, faculty must overcome their discomfort with the topic yet acknowledge that teaching about it is difficult and requires personal stamina and empathy with colleagues. Faculty must also agree to collaborate with those who have sensitivity and expertise in the area, and must make a long-term commitment to prepare physicians to recognize problems of domestic violence and work effectively with its victims and perpetrators.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Public health policy for preventing violence.

The current epidemic of violence in America threatens not only our physical health but also the integrity of basic social institutions such as the family, the communities in which we live, and our health care system. Public health brings a new vision of how Americans can work together to prevent violence. This new vision places emphasis on preventing violence before it occurs, making science integral to identifying effective policies and programs, and integrating the efforts of diverse scientific disciplines, organizations, and communities. A sustained effort at all levels of society will be required to successfully address this complex and deeply rooted problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Workplace violence.

Research related to workplace violence is in its infancy. The epidemiologic data, which are just beginning to appear in the literature, show that workplace violence is a growing concern for employers and employees. Experts provide suggestions on ways to prevent workplace violence, but the literature lacks studies that examine the use or results of such activities. Included in these suggestions is the need to implement violence prevention policies and procedures, security controls, screening, employee assistance programs, and workplace education/training for employees and managers. Occupational health nurses are in a unique position to provide violence prevention programs in the workplace.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Homicides among 15-19-year-old males--United States, 1963-1991.

In 1991, nearly half (13,122 [49%]) of the 26,513 homicide victims in the United States were males aged 15-34 years. In addition, among males in this age group, homicide accounted for 18% of all deaths and was the second leading cause of death (Table 1). During 1963-1991, the pattern of homicide rates changed substantially; the change was greatest for males aged 15-19 years, for whom rates increased substantially (Figure 1). This report summarizes these trends and presents strategies for violence prevention and intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of teen exposure to a community-based violence prevention project.

This paper describes the implementation of a community-based youth violence prevention project that utilized an educational curriculum and a mass media campaign. The extent of penetration of the intervention into target areas and the degree of contamination of control areas are assessed, and the most frequently contacted forms of educational outreach are identified. Two sources of data, provider interviews and a random digit dialed telephone survey, were used to track the source and extent of teens' exposure to the intervention. Agency provider data revealed that 40% of the 92 contacted agencies actually conducted violence prevention education, reaching 22% of the target area teens. Approximately one-half of the surveyed teens reported some exposure to the program, with 13% of the teens in target areas reporting participation in interactive educational activities associated with the project. The most common source of exposure was the media campaign. Most teens report a single exposure, usually to the media campaign, although 29% report contact with more than one form of violence prevention education. While the project did not achieve community saturation, the data show that the community-based model of intervention for violence prevention is feasible and effective in reaching teenagers. This research highlights some difficulties in evaluating prevention programs, including reconciling community ownership with project identification, the ethics of curtailing services for control purposes, and factors influencing recall of participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A primer on school violence prevention.

Violence has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with particularly serious health implications for school-age children and adolescents. Schools that experience the daily threat of potential student violence have their primary mission of education eroded at great cost to students. This article reviews the problem of violence in public schools and summarizes existing knowledge on school violence prevention. Violence prevention programs that use educational, regulatory, technological, or combined approaches are reviewed. Recommendations are presented addressing both policy and program needs related to control of violence in public schools. School health professionals should be active participants in violence prevention efforts. A critical need exists to carefully evaluate any planned prevention program so future efforts can be built on methods proven successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ideology and violence prevention.

Interpersonal violence is a major problem in US society in terms of the death and destruction it causes, the fear it generates, and the attention it receives. A recent trend has been to regard the problem of violence as an epidemic and to shape ideas of violence prevention according to public-health formulations. This process does not take into account the ideological nature of the proposed violence-prevention measures. Problems arise because this ideology is relevant to the potential effectiveness of violence prevention.This paper delineates several ideological issues involved in violence prevention and discusses how they interact with frequently employed public-health prevention strategies. Based upon this discussion, a general perspective for violence prevention is proposed and guiding principles that emerge from this perspective are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Family violence: principles of intervention and prevention.

The dispersal of clinical and research information on family violence among many subspecialties has obscured the multidimensional nature of the problem and the need for clinicians in all settings to develop a coherent approach to family violence. Through an interpretive review, the author discusses specific mental health contacts that necessitate the exploration of family violence. Failure to do so may lead to underdiagnosis of dissociative disorders and overdiagnosis of depressive disorders in victims. The author also discusses three types of interventions--verbalization, violence-prevention strategies, and advocacy and support--that are useful with victims, abusers, and other family members as well as with "battered professionals" who handle these cases, and describes a comprehensive intervention program.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Black-on-black homicide: Kansas City's response.

In many metropolitan areas, homicide continues to be the scourge of black Americans despite increasing awareness of the overrepresentation of blacks among victims and perpetrators. The risk of being a homicide victim among black males is so high that the Department of Health and Human Services has set a priority of reducing the risk to 60 per 100,000 by 1990. The recent escalation in the number of homicides in the United States associated with drugs makes attainment of that goal unlikely. In Kansas City, a black community grassroots organization, the Ad Hoc Group Against Crime, commissioned a multidisciplinary task force to study black-on-black homicide in 1986. The report generated by this task force identified factors placing Kansas Citians at high risk of being homicide victims or perpetrators, including being black, male, unemployed, between the ages 17-29, a high school nongraduate, frequently involved in or around violence, and having prior arrests on weapons charges. One hundred recommendations were made, of which 12 were targeted for immediate implementation. These included increasing public awareness of the incidence of black-on-black homicide, involvement of black men in role model programs for young black males, training in anger control and alternatives to violence for those identified as being at high risk for homicide, and providing a role for ex-offenders in violence prevention. Working with community organizations has inherent strengths and weaknesses for public health workers. However, such a group can successfully impact the affected community in ways which would be difficult for traditional resources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Eleven worthy aims for clinical leadership of health system reform.

Clinicians ought to be playing a central role in making the changes in the health care system that will allow the system to offer better outcomes, greater ease of use, lower cost, and more social justice in health status. Instead, most of the proposed changes that are today called "health care reform" are actually changes in the surroundings of care rather than changes in the care itself. Clinicians have an opportunity to exercise leadership for the improvement of care, but they must first agree to address the aims of reform and to adopt an agenda of specific changes in their own work that are likely to meet the social needs driving the reform movement. Health services research offers a sound scientific basis for identifying promising improvement aims for clinician-led reform. Eleven plausible aims are these: (1) reducing inappropriate surgery, hospital admissions, and diagnostic tests; (2) reducing key underlying root causes of illness (especially smoking, handgun violence, preventable childhood injuries, and alcohol and cocaine abuse); (3) reducing cesarean section rates to pre-1980 levels; (4) reducing the use of unwanted medical procedures at the end of life; (5) simplifying pharmaceutical use, especially for antibiotics and medication of the elderly; (6) increasing active patient participation in therapeutic decision making; (7) decreasing waiting times in health care settings; (8) reducing inventory levels in health care organizations; (9) recording only useful information only once; (10) consolidating and reducing the total supply of high-technology medical and surgical care; and (11) reducing the racial gap in infant mortality and low birth weight. Health care professions and their professional organizations in concert should embrace these 11 aims, establish measurements of progress toward them, and commit to continuous and fundamental changes in their pursuit.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

Firearm homicide among black teenage males in metropolitan counties. Comparison of death rates in two periods, 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989.

OBJECTIVE: To identify US counties (1) that had either significantly high or significantly low firearm homicide rates among black males 15 through 19 years of age in 1983 through 1985 and in 1987 through 1989, and/or (2) that experienced a significant increase in the firearm homicide rate between 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989. DESIGN: Using the Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, Hyattsville, Md, county-level firearm homicide rates are analyzed. SETTING: Eighty counties with a population of at least 10,000 black males 15 through 19 years of age in 1987 through 1989. SUBJECTS: Black males 15 through 19 years of age whose underlying cause of death was classified as firearm homicide (E965.0 through E965.4, or E970) in the ICD-9 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Revision). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: County-specific firearm homicide rate. RESULTS: In 1983 through 1985 and in 1987 through 1989, seven and 13 counties, respectively, were identified that had significantly high firearm homicide rates. Firearm homicide rates were significantly high in both time periods in the following counties: Los Angeles, California; Wayne, Michigan; Kings, New York; St Louis City, Missouri; and Baltimore City, Maryland. Firearm homicide rates increased significantly between 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989 in 34 of the 80 counties. Twenty counties had significantly low rates in both time periods. Several counties with low rates in 1983 through 1985 experienced significant increases and by 1987 through 1989 were among those with high rates. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance of firearm homicide rates at the county levels in counties with high and with low rates is a necessary first step in the development of successful violence prevention programs. Those counties where rates are high and increasing are the counties that are in greatest need for intervention strategies. Knowledge of the incidence of nonfatal firearm injuries is also needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

School-based sexual violence prevention: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Sexual violence profoundly affects the health and development of children, adolescents, and young adults, representing a persistent challenge to public policy. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions aimed at prevention. METHODS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials published between 2012 and 2024 were retrieved from four major databases. The programs were implemented in primary, secondary, and higher education settings and targeted children, adolescents, and young adults. RESULTS: The results revealed improvements in knowledge and attitude, particularly regarding consent and awareness, whereas evidence supporting behavioral changes was less frequent and often limited. Methodological limitations, such as short follow-up periods and participant attrition, restricted the assessment of long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the importance of multicomponent, participatory, and culturally sensitive approaches, along with the integration of digital tools and continuous evaluation systems, to strengthen the role of schools as safe and transformative spaces in the prevention of sexual violence. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS: This systematic review suggests that school-based interventions hold significant potential for the prevention of sexual violence. It identifies promising strategies and reinforces the importance of culturally sensitive, sustained, evidence-based approaches to ensure learning environments that are safe, protective, and promotive of gender equity.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: long-term prevention of criminality and violence.

This article examined the long-term effects of multisystemic therapy (MST) vs. individual therapy (IT) on the prevention of criminal behavior and violent offending among 176 juvenile offenders at high risk for committing additional serious crimes. Results from multiagent, multimethod assessment batteries conducted before and after treatment showed that MST was more effective than IT in improving key family correlates of antisocial behavior and in ameliorating adjustment problems in individual family members. Moreover, results from a 4-year follow-up of rearrest data showed that MST was more effective than IT in preventing future criminal behavior, including violent offending. The implications of such findings for the design of violence prevention programs are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Intimate Partner Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV), encompassing physical, sexual, emotional and economic abuse, remains a pervasive global health concern. Traditional prevention efforts face obstacles such as underreporting, delayed detection and limited personalised support. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches offer new opportunities to enhance IPV prevention. AIM: This systematic review maps and synthesises evidence on AI-driven tools in IPV prevention based on studies published between 2004 and 2024. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and PROSPERO registration, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science. Eligible studies explicitly evaluated AI technologies targeting IPV prediction, screening, intervention or support delivery. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). RESULTS: Of 1304 records initially identified, 41 studies met eligibility criteria. AI applications ranged from machine learning (ML) for risk prediction and natural language processing (NLP) for IPV detection in clinical and social media data, to image analysis for forensic evaluation and chatbot-based support. Predictive modelling demonstrated strong discriminative performance, while NLP-based screening detected IPV with notable sensitivity. Chatbots showed feasibility and user acceptability, but evidence of their direct impact on reducing IPV incidence was limited, with one randomised controlled trial showing a modest reduction. Key challenges identified included algorithmic bias, data privacy risks and barriers to integration across health and social care systems. DISCUSSION: AI-informed interventions show promise for improving IPV detection, risk assessment, and scalable support, but questions remain about long-term effectiveness, ethical fairness, transparency and equitable implementation. Future interdisciplinary research should address these concerns to responsibly deploy AI in IPV prevention. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed, culturally responsive care and provider training in AI applications. Nurse-led innovation and policy advocacy will be crucial for safe, equitable integration of AI in IPV prevention.

Artificial Intelligence↗