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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

QTL mapping for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging in common wheat in two introgression line (IL) populations.

BACKGROUND: Seed vigor recognized as a quantitative trait is of particular importance for agricultural production. However, limited knowledge is available for understanding genetic basis of wheat seed vigor. METHODS: The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for 10 seed vigor-related traits representing multiple aspects of seed-vigor dynamics during artificial aging with 6 different treatment times (0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h) under controlled conditions (48 °C, 95% humidity, and dark). The mapping populations were two wheat introgression lines (IL-1 and IL-2) derived from recipient parent (Lumai 14) and donor parent (Shaanhan 8675 or Jing 411). RESULTS: A total of 26 additive QTLs and 72 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for wheat seed-vigor traits. Importantly, chromosomes 1B and 7B contained several co-located QTLs, and chromosome 2A had a QTL-rich region near the marker Xwmc667, indicating that these QTLs may affect wheat seed vigor with pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, several possible consistent QTLs (hot-spot regions) were examined by comparison analysis of QTLs detected in this study and reported previously. Finally, a set of candidate genes for wheat seed vigor were predicted to be involved in transcription regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: The present findings lay new insights into the mechanism underlying wheat seed vigor, providing valuable information for wheat genetic improvement especially marker-assisted breeding to increase seed vigor and consequently achieve high grain yield despite of further investigation required.

Triticum↗
PubMed2025

The rice heat shock transcription factor OsHSFC1b increases seed weight, size, and vigor, but its function is disrupted by isoaspartyl modification.

Plant optimizes seed size, weight, vigor, and various other features during seed development, which are important not only for their successful propagation and establishment but also for effective agriculture. Despite several studies conducted, understanding how plants coordinate the regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal seed size, weight, and vigor remains elusive. Here, our study reveals the role of rice heat shock transcription factor OsHSFC1b in modulating various seed attributes. We observe that OsHSFC1b expression increases during the later stage of seed development and is primarily localized in the embryo. We found that hsfc1b genome-edited lines exhibit compromised seed size, weight, and vigor, while overexpression lines exhibit increased seed size, weight, and vigor compared with the wild-type seeds. Our study further reveals that OsHSFC1b improves seed vigor by activating HSPs and RFO biosynthetic genes involved in protection mechanisms, while also mediating seed size and weight by modulating auxin biosynthesis, endosperm development, and seed filling. We found that upon ageing and stressful environments, OsHSFC1b undergoes isoaspartyl modification that negatively impacts its biological function in seeds. Our MS/MS analyses confirm that asparagine residues near the DNA-binding domain and nuclear localization sequence of OsHSFC1b undergo isoaspartyl modification that adversely affects OsHSFC1b's transactivation activity. However, PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE interacts and repairs this isoaspartate-mediated damage, and restores the function of OsHSFC1b. Taken together, our study uncovers how isoaspartyl modification affects the transactivation ability of OsHSFC1b, yet the intervention of PIMT not only repairs this damage but also elevates agronomically important seed traits.

Oryza↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women.

BACKGROUND: This study examined predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity over time in a sample of 1,719 randomly selected women and men. METHODS: Based on reported frequency of vigorous exercise in a mail survey at baseline, subjects were classified as sedentary (zero sessions per week), intermediate (one to two sessions per week), or active (three or more sessions per week). RESULTS: On the same survey subjects reported on 25 potential determinants of physical activity based on a comprehensive learning model. Twenty-four months later, 85% of subjects were resurveyed, and their physical activity levels were classified. Within each baseline category and gender subgroup, predictors of follow-up physical activity were identified. In multivariate analyses, adoption of vigorous exercise by sedentary men was predicted by self-efficacy, age (inverse), and neighborhood environment (inverse). Adoption by sedentary women was predicted by education, self-efficacy, and friend and family support for exercise. Maintenance of vigorous physical activity was predicted by self-efficacy and age (inverse) for initially active men and by education for initially active women. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that factors influencing adoption are different for men and women, and there may be different factors influencing adoption versus maintenance of vigorous physical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Falls and injuries in frail and vigorous community elderly persons.

Identification of different types of falls and fallers among elderly persons might aid in the targeting of preventive efforts. In a representative sample of 336 community elderly, subjects were assigned to Frail, Vigorous, or Transition groups based on observed patterns of clustering among demographic, physical, and psychological variables. The frequency and circumstances of falls in these three groups were then ascertained. As expected, the observed incidence of falling in one year of follow-up was highest in the Frail group (52%) and lowest in the Vigorous group (17%). However, 22% (5/23) of falls by vigorous subjects, but only 6% (5/89) of falls by frail subjects, resulted in a serious injury. Compared with frail subjects, vigorous fallers were somewhat more likely to fall during displacing activity (53% vs 31%), with an environmental hazard present (53% vs 29%), and on stairs (27% vs 6%). These findings suggest that fall-related injuries can be a serious health problem for vigorous as well as frail elderly persons. Injury prevention, therefore, should be directed at all elderly persons but tailored to expected differences in fall circumstances.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The vigor of drug treatment in the control of hypertension: results from the Munich Blood Pressure Study.

The strength of antihypertensive drug treatment was investigated in a representative sample of the population of Munich. The Munich Blood Pressure Study, a cross-sectional study (MBS I) with follow-up one year later (MBS II) of a random sample of 3,198 citizens aged 30-69 years (response rate 69.3 percent) served as the data base. Using an empirical scale of the relative potency of antihypertensive drugs, the vigor of drug therapy was estimated. One unit of vigor was defined as the equivalent of the recommended average daily dose of the specific drug for long-term treatment. This index of therapeutic vigor was then applied to two groups, treated but uncontrolled hypertensives and controlled hypertensives. We found that 85 percent of the treated uncontrolled hypertensives and 90 percent of those with controlled hypertension were taking only small amounts of medication (less than two units of vigor). Particularly striking was the result that approximately 50 percent of each group received less than one unit of vigor. Based on these data it is concluded that physicians failed to prescribe adequate doses of antihypertensive agents for uncontrolled hypertensives. Furthermore, since a large number of patients had their blood pressure controlled by only very small doses of antihypertensive agents, it may be assumed that at least some of them did not require drug treatment or could have their blood pressure controlled by nonpharmacologic measures alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acidosis in the vigorous newborn.

Simultaneous measurements of maternal arterial and umbilical cord blood pH, PCO2, and base deficit at delivery were studied in 168 live-born infants and their mothers. The correlations between maternal and umbilical parameters were highly significant (P less than .001) and were greater in vigorous than in depressed newborns. Mothers of vigorous acidotic infants had a lower pH and a higher base deficit than those of vigorous nonacidotic infants (P less than .001). However, the maternal-fetal differences were wider in the vigorous acidotic than in the vigorous nonacidotic newborns for all three parameters, and in both umbilical vein and umbilical artery (P less than .001). The data indicate that maternal acidosis accounts only partially for the acidosis observed at the time of delivery in the apparently normal fetus. With neonatal depression, the degree of acidosis is not dependent on maternal pH but on other factors. These factors may be influenced by maternal acidosis, but they are the major reasons for the neonatal depression, not the maternal acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1992

Can vigorous exercise play a role in osteoporosis prevention? A review.

Part of the reduction in bone density observed in older people is due to disuse rather than the aging process itself. While some mechanical stress is needed to maintain optimal bone density, it is not clear just which types of exercise are most valuable or whether appropriate exercise might reduce the need for estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Cross-sectional studies. Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and strength have all been correlated with bone density. Young people who use a specific part of the body in vigorous exercise exhibit enhanced bone density in that part of the body, but not necessarily in other regions. Older people who have been active for many years seem to exhibit generally enhanced bone density. Prospective studies. Most regimens which used vigorous aerobic and strength training enhanced bone density, but walking is relatively ineffective for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Most studies using specific bone-loading exercise have shown substantial increases in bone density at the specific sites loaded. Elderly people seem capable of responding favorably to vigorous exercise. No direct comparisons of exercise and estrogen therapy have been reported. Excessive exercise. Extremely high volumes of exercise may overwhelm a person's adaptive capacity, leading to stress fractures. For example, young women athletes who suffer from menstrual dysfunction exhibit reduced bone density and musculoskeletal disorders. Clinical implication. Although the evidence is far from conclusive, an exercise regimen should probably include vigorous total body exercise, including strength and aerobic training.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults.

There are conflicting data regarding the effects of vigorous physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Representative samples of adults aged 20-35 from four northern California cities were studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in order to examine the relationships between vigorous PA and selected physiological risk factors. A self-report measure of habitual vigorous PA was validated by pulse rate. There were relationships, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses between self-reported vigorous PA and HDL/LDL ratio, especially for women. Relationships in cross-sectional analyses only were found between PA and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and alveolar carbon monoxide. The results of the present study generally tend to confirm investigations of other samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Vigorous exercise in leisure time, coronary risk-factors, and resting electrocardiogram in middle-aged male civil servants.

During 1968 to 1970, approximately 17 000 middle-aged male executive grade civil service officers, all of them engaged in sedentary or very light work, recorded on a Monday morning their leisure time activities over the previous Friday and Saturday. In 1971 a sample of 509 of these men completed further questionnaires for medical, social, and smoking history; these men had a resting electrocardiogram, and height, weight, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and plasma total cholesterol were measured. Vigorous exercise in leisure time had previously been reported by 125 (25%) of the men, and these as a group had significantly fewer electrocardiographic abnormalities (changes compatible with myocardial ischaemia, ectopic beats, and sinus tachycardia) than the men not reporting vigorous exercise (P less than 0-02). This difference remained when all men with any history suggestive of cardiovascular disease were excluded from the analysis. Blood pressure, plasma total cholesterol, and smoking habits were examined with respect both to vigorous exercise and to the electrocardiogram, but the only relation found was that electrocardiographic abnormality increased with increasing blood pressure. Even among men with higher pressures, however, those reporting vigorous exercise had fewer electrographic abnormalities than the others. The results provide further support for the association of habitual physical activity with coronary health.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Collagenase, elastase, and nonspecific protease production by vigorous or immunomodulated liver granulomas and granuloma macrophages/eosinophils of S mansoni-infected mice.

Schistosomiasis mansoni is characterized by granulomatous inflammations, deposition of collagen, and irreversible liver fibrosis. In chronic infections fibrosis is cumulative, while collagen synthesis and degradation are diminished. In the present study, we compared collagenase, elastase, and nonspecific neutral protease (NP) activities in isolated vigorous (8-week infection) and immunomodulated (18-20-week infection) liver granulomas. Enzyme activity was localized in the adherent macrophage (greater than 90% purity) and nonadherent eosinophil-rich (greater than 70% purity) cell fractions of the disaggregated granulomas. Collagenase levels were approximately two times higher in granuloma extracts and explant culture supernates of the vigorous as compared with the immunoregulated lesions. However, macrophages and eosinophil-rich cells derived from either type of granuloma secreted similar enzyme levels. Elastase and NP levels in granuloma extracts and secretions of adherent macrophage and eosinophil-rich cell populations were the same in vigorous or immunomodulated lesions but were significantly greater in vigorous granuloma culture supernates. In addition to active collagenase, trypsin activatable latent collagenase was also present in both types of granuloma extracts, explants and eosinophil-rich cell culture supernates. Latent elastase was also detected in granuloma extracts or explant supernates but was absent from secretions of granuloma cells. These results suggest that the presence of active neutral proteases within granulomas may play an important role in the regulation of tissue repair and remodeling during the fibrotic process.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

The Spatiotemporal Genetic Architecture of Seed Vigor in Upland Cotton.

Seed vigor underpins uniform crop establishment, but its dynamic genetics are understudied. Combining high-resolution temporal phenotyping and genomics in upland cotton, we used the SeedRanger platform to record 17 image-based traits every 30 min over 120 h, revealing stage-specific heritability and identifying 541 seed-vigor loci. These loci show extensive pleiotropy and temporal coordination, forming a genetic network that preserves developmental continuity; 8.9% overlap regions under domestication selection, indicating concurrent optimization with fiber yield. Functional validation of FLA2, a candidate gene underlying a dynamic QTL, implicates auxin-mediated control of radicle elongation and cotyledon development. This temporal framework exposes dynamic genetic architecture and breeding targets for high-vigor crops.

Gossypium↗
PubMed1991

Reevaluation of manometric criteria for vigorous achalasia. Is this a distinct clinical disorder?

Clinical and manometric data from 97 consecutive patients with idiopathic achalasia were analyzed to see if a distinct subset with vigorous achalasia could be identified. Statistical analyses failed to detect a unique group of subjects based on the distribution of contraction wave amplitudes alone. Because of this, patients falling above the 95th percentile (N = 4, mean wave amplitude greater than 100 mm Hg for each) were compared with those having mean amplitudes above the conventional threshold for the diagnosis of vigorous achalasia (mean amplitude 60-100 mm Hg, N = 4), and with the remainder (N = 89, mean amplitude less than 60 mm Hg). Subjects with mean amplitudes less than 60 mm Hg and with mean amplitudes 60-100 mm Hg closely resembled each other in all measured clinical features, whereas subjects with mean amplitudes greater than 100 mm Hg were all male, were older (67 +/- 4 years vs 47 +/- 2 years; P less than 0.01), and appeared to have somewhat longer duration of symptoms when compared with the remainder (82 +/- 41 vs 44 +/- 10 months; P = 0.4). Chest pain and other esophageal symptoms, basal and residual lower sphincter pressures, and response to first treatment did not differ among the three groups. These data indicate that high-fidelity manometry techniques identify a rare subset of achalasia patients with mean contraction amplitudes exceeding 100 mm Hg that, although older and possibly with greater duration of symptoms, presents similarly to others with idiopathic achalasia. Outcome from conventional treatment is also similar for the "vigorous" and "nonvigorous" patients, making the distinction of questionable value.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Classic and vigorous achalasia: a comparison of manometric, radiographic, and clinical findings.

Compared with classic achalasia, vigorous achalasia has been defined as achalasia with relatively high esophageal contraction amplitudes, often with minimal esophageal dilation and prominent tertiary contractions on radiographs, and with the presence of chest pain. However, no study using current manometric techniques has compared manometric, radiographic, and clinical findings in vigorous and classic achalasia or questioned the usefulness of making this distinction. Fifty-four cases involving patients with achalasia whose radiographic and manometric studies were performed within 6 months of each other were available for review. Patients with vigorous achalasia (n = 17), defined by amplitude greater than or equal to 37 mm Hg, and patients with classic achalasia (n = 37), defined as amplitude less than 37 mm Hg, had substantial overlap in radiographic parameters of esophageal dilation, tortuosity, and tertiary contractions. Manometric properties of repetitive waves and lower esophageal sphincter pressure and clinical aspects of chest pain, dysphagia, heartburn, and satisfactory responses to pneumatic dilation were similar in both forms of achalasia. A separate analysis of patients with mean contraction amplitude greater than 60 mm Hg revealed similar findings. It is concluded that use of amplitude as a criterion for classifying achalasia is arbitrary and of dubious value.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hypotheses to explain the association between vigorous physical activity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Many epidemiologic studies indicate a relation between vigorous physical activity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Physical activity itself is unlikely to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but could it modify the effects of other etiologic factors such as neurotoxins? Vigorous physical activity could potentiate the effect of a toxin to motor neurons by any of several mechanisms, especially if the toxin's effects were mediated through excitation. Exercise could alter the extent of exposure or could influence the distribution, metabolism or potency of an excitotoxin. Future epidemiologic studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should include sufficient detail about vigorous physical exercise to explore this relationship further.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1971

Experiments on the liberation of phosphate from the muscles of the human forearm during vigorous exercise and on the action of sodium phosphate on forearm muscle blood vessels.

1. During vigorous sustained or rhythmic exercise of the forearm muscles, plasma phosphate in the venous effluent from the active muscles increased by about 20%.2. The forearm muscles liberate phosphate during vigorous activity. This confirms observations made by Hilton & Vrbová (1970) on fast muscles in the cat.3. Infusions of sodium phosphate into the brachial artery which raised plasma phosphate in the venous effluent from the resting muscles by 400% had no effect upon the rate of the forearm blood flow.4. These results do not suggest that the liberation of phosphate plays any significant part in mediating the vasodilatation accompanying vigorous exercise of the muscles in the forearm.

Brachial Artery↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of effects of vegetable protein diet and animal protein diet on the initiation of anemia during vigorous physical training (sports anemia) in dogs and rats.

The effect of the quality of dietary protein on the initiation of temporary anemia during vigorous physical training (sports anemia) was studied in dogs and rats. In the dog experiment, one group of dogs was fed a crude animal protein (AP) diet and the other a crude vegetable protein (VP) diet. After 6 weeks on the diets in a sedentary state (rest period), all the dogs were forced to run every day for two weeks (exercise period). The rat experiment was carried out using purified nutrient mixtures. Casein (C) was used as AP and gluten (G) as VP. Feeding was done for two weeks in two series with two diet groups of rats. One series was 15% protein feeding (15% C and 15% G) groups and the other 24% protein feeding (24% C and 24% G) groups. In each group, one group remained in a sedentary state (rest group), and the other ran vigorously on a treadmill every day for one week (exercise group). In a sedentary state, there was a slight tendency for the hemoglobin content or erythrocyte count to be reduced, even when the values remained within the normal range, in dogs and rats fed VP. On the other hand, after vigorous running, significant anemia (reduction of hemoglobin) appeared in the VP diet dogs and in all exercise rat groups except the 24% C group. It was confirmed that the anemia was caused by a reduction of erythrocyte resistance to hemolysis, which was closely related to changes in the lipid composition of blood (serum and especially erythrocytes). The change in lipid profile revealed by the experiments was a reduction of free cholesterol in blood associated with an increase of lysolecithin in dogs during the exercise period and in the rat exercise groups. It was suggested that repeated physical exercise increased the activity of LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase) in the liver, spleen, etc., resulting in the above changes in lipid patterns in the blood. In dogs of AP and rats of 24% C, however, those changes in lipid pattern caused by exercise and sports anemia did not appear significantly. The different effects of the AP diet seemed to be due to the antagonistic effects of lysine, which was present in sufficient amounts in the diet. Thus the theoretical basis for our recommendation of a high amount of AP in the diet to prevent sports anemia was clarified by the present experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anemia↗
PubMed2025

Role of functional genes for seed vigor related traits through genome-wide association mapping in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.).

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a calcium-rich, nutritious and resilient crop that thrives even in harsh environmental conditions. In such ecologies, seed longevity and seedling vigor are crucial for sustainable crop production amid climate change. The current study explores the genetics of accelerated aging on seed longevity traits across 221 diverse accessions of finger millet through genome-wide association approach (GWAS). A significant variation was identified in germination percentage, germination rate indices, mean germination time, seedling vigor indices and dry weight upon aging treatment. GWAS model from 11,832 high-quality SNPs identified through Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approach produced 491 marker-trait associations (MTAs) for 27 traits, of which 54 were FDR-corrected. A pleiotropic SNP, FM_SNP_9478 identified on chromosome 7B was associated with the traits viz., germination after aging, germination index after aging and their relative measures. Functional annotation revealed DET1 and expansin-A2 influenced seed coat integrity, critical for germination and aging resilience. Probable protein phosphatase 2C3 and piezo-type ion channels contributed to mechanical sensing and stress adaptation in seeds. Beta-amylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 were identified for seed metabolism and stress response. These insights lay the framework for targeted breeding efforts to improve seed quality and resilience under diverse production conditions.

Eleusine↗
PubMed1979

High density lipoproteinemia due to vigorous physical work inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

The effect of sera from normolipidemic men engaging in normal physical activity and from high density lipoproteinemic lumberjacks engaging in vigorous physical activity on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture was measured. At high concentration (15%) high density lipoproteinemic serum inhibited significantly (P less than 0.001) the incorporation of thymidine. The serum inhibited the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans at all concentrations tested (1--15%) with the most marked inhibition at 10 and 15%. At lower concentrations (1--5%) the inhibition was more pronounced for sulphated glycosaminoglycans than for hyaluronic acid. The inhibition was of the same magnitude for the subclasses (chondroitin, dermatan and heparan sulphates) of sulphated glycosaminoglycans studied. High density lipoproteinemia due to vigorous physical work is postulated as a protective factor against the early biochemical reactions of arterial smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗