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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Subrepeats of rDNA intergenic spacer present as prominent independent satellite DNA in Vigna radiata but not in Vigna angularis.

Subrepeats located in the rDNA intergenic spacer are also present as independently occurring, tandemly arranged satellite DNA clusters in the genome of Vigna radiata (mung bean). These 174-bp satellite repeats are identified as non-rDNA repeats by the presence of an AluI site. In the closely related Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), 174-bp repeats characterized by an AluI site occur in the rDNA with high sequence homology to the V. radiata rDNA subrepeats. A part of the 174-bp element that shows high similarity to a Xenopus terminator box (T2/T3) is slightly modified in V. angularis. However, a characteristic stem-loop structure can be formed, as in the case of V. radiata. Two highly conserved 12-bp regions occur within the 174-bp rDNA repeats of the two plants investigated. One of these 12-bp stretches exhibits some sequence identity to an element repeated twice in the 325-bp repeats in the intergenic spacer region of Vicia faba (broad bean).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Proximate composition and antinutritional factors in rice bean (Vigna umbellata).

Thirteen promising strains of Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) were analysed for their proximate compositions and antinutritional factors. Protein content in these varieties ranged from 17.50 to 23.10 per cent, ash from 3.06 to 4.48 per cent, ether extract from 2.4 to 3.9 per cent and crude fibre from 1.70 to 4.25 per cent. Trypsin inhibitor activity ranged from 112.63 to 163.98 units/g and polyphenols ranged from 0.58 to 1.19 per cent. Phytohemagglutinating activity was present in all the strains, except one, RB-32. Oligosaccharides, viz., raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, ranged from 0.32 to 0.91, 0.95 to 1.98 and 1.40 to 2.58 per cent, respectively. Attempts have been made to compare the results with a standard variety each of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), moong (Vigna radiata) and mash (Vigna mungo).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The use of anhydrotrypsin-Sepharose for isolation of trypsin inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata seeds.

The preparation of anhydrotrypsin-Sepharose 4B for the isolation of trypsin inhibitors by affinity chromatography was described. Soybean trypsin inhibitor and an acetic acid extract of Vigna unguiculata seed meal were used to evaluate the binding of trypsin inhibitors. Both soybean trypsin inhibitor and Vigna trypsin inhibitors were retained at pH 7.6 and desorbed at pH 2.0. The Vigna trypsin inhibitors isolated by the Sepharose-4B anhydrotrypsin did not differ by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing from native inhibitors, indicating that partial proteolysis obtained with trypsin affinity columns can be avoided by using anhydrotrypsin, the enzymatically inactive form of the enzyme which retains the capacity to bind inhibitors.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Identification of Rhizobium plasmid sequences involved in recognition of Psophocarpus, Vigna, and other legumes.

Symbiotic DNA sequences involved in nodulation by Rhizobium must include genes responsible for recognizing homologous hosts. We sought these genes by mobilizing the symbiotic plasmid of a broad host-range Rhizobium MPIK3030 (= NGR234) that can nodulate Glycine max, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna unguiculata, etc., into two Nod- Rhizobium mutants as well as into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Subsequently, cosmid clones of pMPIK3030a were mobilized into Nod+ Rhizobium that cannot nodulate the chosen hosts. Nodule development was monitored by examining the ultrastructure of nodules formed by the transconjugants. pMPIK3030a could complement Nod- and Nif- deletions in R. leguminosarum and R. meliloti as well as enable A. tumefaciens to nodulate. Three non-overlapping sets of cosmids were found that conferred upon a slow-growing Rhizobium species, as well as on R. loti and R. meliloti, the ability to nodulate Psophocarpus and Vigna, thus pointing to the existence of three sets of host-specificity genes. Recipients harboring these hsn regions had truly broadened host-range since they could nodulate both their original hosts as well as MPIK3030 hosts.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1966

Fine structure of bacteroids in root nodules of Vigna sinensis, Acacia longifolia, Viminaria juncea, and Lupinus angustifolius.

Dart, P. J. (University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia), and F. V. Mercer. Fine structure of bacteroids in root nodules of Vigna sinensis, Acacia longifolia, Viminaria juncea, and Lupinus angustifolius. J. Bacteriol. 91:1314-1319.-In nodules of Vigna sinensis, Acacia longifolia, and Viminaria juncea, membrane envelopes enclose groups of bacteroids. The bacteroids often contain inclusion granules and electron-dense bodies, expand little during development, and retain their rod form with a compact, central nucleoid area. The membrane envelope may persist around bacteroids after host cytoplasm breakdown. In nodules of Lupinus angustifolius, the membrane envelopes enclose only one or two bacteroids, which expand noticeably during development and change from their initial rod structure.

Acacia↗
PubMed1981

Regulation of the F-ATPase from mitochondria of Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi cv. Pitiuba by spermine, spermidine, putrescine, Mg2+, Na+, and K+.

Mitochondria from Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi cv. Pitiuba contain the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine. The membrane-bound F1-ATPase from mitochondria of Vigna sinensis is activated by these polyamines at physiological concentrations. The effect of polyamines on the membrane-bound of F1-ATPase is dependent on the concentrations of Na+, K+, MgATP, and Mg2+. Excess Na+ or K+ prevents the activation of the membrane-bound F1-ATPase by spermine and spermidine, but not by putrescine. The most pronounced effects were observed at low MgATP concentrations in the absence of Na+ and K+. At [MgATP] = 0.08 mM, spermine activation of the membrane-bound F1-ATPase was 130%. The membrane-bound F1-ATPase is slightly activated by Mg2+ at lower concentrations and strongly inhibited by Mg2+ at higher concentrations. Activation as well as inhibition is dependent on the substrate MgATP concentration. Although there is competition between Mg2+ and MgATP, the binding sites for these two ligands are different (pseudocompetitive inhibition). The inhibition of the membrane-bound F1-ATPase can be reversed by polyamines. There is evidence that the binding sites for Mg2+ and polyamines are identical. The F1-ATPase detached from the membrane is neither activated by polyamines nor inhibited by Mg2+. Therefore, the binding sites for Mg2+ and polyamines seem to be localized on the membrane.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

On the differential divisions and preprophase microtubule bands involved in the development of stomata of Vigna sinensis L.

The manifestation of premitotic cell polarity and the resultant structural asymmetry of the differential divisions participating in the development of stomata of Vigna sinensis vary considerably. However, two morphologically distinct types of differential division were distinguished: (a) 'asymmetrical differential divisions', in which the premitotic polarization of the cell, the eccentric position of the nucleus during division and the differences in size and organization of the daughter cells are obvious; and (b) differential divisions in which the above features are inconspicuous or almost absent. The former occur in the ordinary protodermal cells, the latter in some meristemoids. The organization of a sharply demarcated preprophase microtubule band (PMB) precedes, all differential and non-differential divisions. In the first type of differential division the PMB is formed eccentrically, while in the second it may display either an approximately symmetrical or a clearly asymmetrical disposition, always indicating with surprising accuracy the sites where the succeeding cell plate will join the parent walls. The PMB foreshadowing the highly curved cell plates in meristemoids I of the mesoperigenous process, as well as in meristemoids I and II of the mesogenous one, are apposed only on one anticlinal wall and therefore do not encircle the nucleus or traverse the cell. In the symmetrical divisions of guard cell mother cells (GMC), as well as in those of protodermal cells, the PMB runs right round the internal plasmalemma surface in an equatorial position, coinciding with that of the future cell plate. In the former cells the wall abutting the cortical cytoplasm traversed by the band becomes locally thickened. The variability in the pattern of the microtubules of the band along the walls of the GMC is directly mirrored in the pattern of the thickening. It seems that in GMC the PMB mediates a directed exocytosis of dictyosome vesicles. In contrast to what is now generally accepted in dicotyledonous plants, each meristemoid I of both the mesogenous and mesoperigenous stomata in Vigna sinensis leaves does not inhibit but induces the formation of other meristemoids close to it.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Action of metabolites of isolated plant tissues on the nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium vigna and Rhizobium meliloti.

The dependence of the nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium meliloti on the strain peculiarities of the cultures, the composition of the media used, and the metabolites of legume tissue cultures was demonstrated by the acetylene method. The nitrogenase activity is significantly higher in R. vigna than in R. meliloti, under the same experimental conditions. Enrichment of the Murashige-Skoog medium with arabinose (25 mM), succinate (25 mM), glutamine (2 mM nitrogen), and yeast extract (0.1%) substantially stimulated the nitrogenase activity of a pure culture of R. vigna. The maximum nitrogenase activity on this medium was noted when metabolites of sweet clover tissue were introduced.

Ethylenes↗
PubMed1992

The 5S ribosomal RNA gene is linked to large and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes in the oomycetes, Phytophthora vignae, P. cinnamomi, P. megasperma f.sp. glycinea and Saprolegnia ferax.

Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction data indicate that the 5S ribosomal RNA gene is linked to the ribosomal RNA gene repeat unit in the oomycetes, Phytophthora vignae, P. cinnamomi, P. megasperma f.sp. glycinea and Saprolegnia ferax, and is apparently transcribed in the same direction as the large and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The polymerase chain reaction has been used to amplify all components of the entire ribosomal RNA gene repeat unit for each of these oomycetes. The total size of all amplified products is identical to the size of the ribosomal RNA gene repeat unit, as determined by Southern analysis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin production in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) lines in Tanzania.

Seeds of twenty-two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) lines/cultivars were inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus (Link) (NRRL 3145) and aflatoxin production was evaluated. All the cowpea samples were susceptible to Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin production. The amount of aflatoxin produced ranged between 466.6 micrograms/kg to 1 806 micrograms/kg in the case of B (B1 + B2) and 20.8 micrograms/kg to 82.7 micrograms/kg of seed in the case of G (G1 + G2). On the basis of the amount of aflatoxin produced on different samples, it is evident that there is at least partial resistance to aflatoxin production in the tested cowpea lines/cultivars. On the basis of the results obtained in this investigation it is apparent that further selection and breeding could provide cowpea cultivars which are resistant to A. parasiticus infection and aflatoxin production.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of seed storage proteins of urdbean (Vigna mungo).

Dehulled and defatted flour of urdbean (Vigna mungo), Var T-9, contained 25% protein with maximum contribution by globulins (63%). Albumins and glutelins contributed 12% and 21% respectively, whereas prolamins were present only in traces (1%). Globulins were further fractionated into legumin and vicilin type proteins which were present in the ratio of 4:1. All the protein fractions were heterogenous in nature as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the total protein sample to contain 21 different components with molecular weights ranging from 8.92 to 117.49 kd. Albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins resolved into 4, 8, 6 and 13 different sized components of molecular weights ranging from 10.23 to 25.53, 10.84 to 112.72, 10.33 to 51.52 and 8.91 to 112.72 kd, respectively. Amino acid analysis of all fractions revealed that glutamic acid was present in maximum concentration followed by aspartic acid and lysine. Just like other pulse proteins, the urdbean proteins were also deficient in sulphur containing amino acids.

Albumins↗
PubMed1988

Contents and digestibility of carbohydrates of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by domestic processing and cooking.

Effects of common processing and cooking methods on sugar and starch contents and starch digestibility (in vitro) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) were investigated. Soaking reduced the level of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch and improved starch digestibility, significantly. Cooking (both ordinary and pressure cooking) increased the concentrations of the sugars and digestibility of starch of soaked as well a unsoaked seeds. Starch contents, however, were decreased. Germination decreased starch thereby raising the level of the soluble sugars. Starch digestibility was increased appreciably.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1990

Temporal variation in protein content and yield of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper leaves.

Temporal variation in total protein and soluble protein contents and protein yield of Vigna mungo leaves at intervals of every three hours during day and night was studied. The study was done with the view to ascertain the hour of harvesting the leaves for maximum yield of leaf protein concentrate. Observations reveal that the total protein and soluble protein contents in the leaves are minimum during 3.00 to 6.00 hrs, which steadily rise with time to reach the maximum values during 12.00 to 15.00 hrs, after which the same shows a steady decrease with time.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1990

Changes in some antinutrients of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) processed with 'kanwa' alkaline salt.

The effect on several anti-nutritional factors in cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) was investigated following treatment at 100 degrees C or 121 degrees C with solutions (0.1% w/v) of kanwa rock salt or NaHCO3 in distilled water. The concentration of polyphenols, calculated as tannic acid, was reduced substantially up to 67% under the alkaline conditions employed, but the reduction appeared to be greater (69-79%) at higher temperature. The loss of phytic acid was greater (27-40%) when beans were cooked in NaHCO3 than in kanwa (11-29%). The concentration of reducing sugars was decreased in all treatment groups especially under alkaline conditions. There was no evidence for the formation of lysinoalanine in any of the samples.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1991

Protein quality and antinutritional factors in wild and cultivated species of Vigna spp.

The nutritional quality of wild and cultivated species of Vigna has been evaluated. Wild species showed significantly higher protein content (P less than 0.01), antitryptic activity (P less than 0.005) and tannin content (P less than 0.025) and significantly lower protein digestibility (P less than 0.005). No significant differences were found with regard to protein quality, measured as chemical score corrected by the digestibility; sulphur amino acids turned out to be limiting in both groups. In addition no correlations were found between sulphur amino acids and protein levels, or between sulphur amino acid and trypsin inhibitor levels. Selected lines showed an improvement from the nutritional point of view linked to lower antitryptic factors and tannin content, which may give rise to a decreased resistance to pests. For all the properties considered, whether physical or biochemical, wild samples presented wider variations and the types considered most primitive were those that differed most from the cultivated ones, whose properties were altogether more consistent. In vitro protein digestibility turned out to be a useful parameter in evaluating wild and improved samples.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Cellular and subcellular organization of pathways of ammonia assimilation and ureide synthesis in nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.).

Fractionation of cell organelles of nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) by discontinuous and continuous sucrose density centrifugation indicated that starch-containing plastids possessed the complete pathway for purine nucleotide synthesis together with significant activities of some other enzymes associated with the provision of substrates in purine synthesis; triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1), NADH-glutamate synthase (EC 2.6.1.53), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.95), and methylene tetrahydrofolate oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.1.5). Enzymes of purine oxidation, xanthine oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.3.2), and urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) were recovered in the soluble fraction; glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) occurred in bacteroids and in the cytosol. Intact, infected (bacteroid-containing) and uninfected cells were prepared by enzymatic maceration of the central zone of the nodule and partially separated by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients. Glutamine synthetase was largely restricted to infected cells whereas plastid enzymes, de novo purine synthesis, and urate oxidase were present in both cell types. Although the levels of all enzymes assayed were higher in infected cells, both cell types possessed the necessary enzyme complement for ureide formation. A model for the cellular and subcellular organization of nitrogen metabolism and the transport of nitrogenous solutes in cowpea nodules is proposed.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1985

Purification and properties of inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase from nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp).

Using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography, inosine monophosphate (IMP) oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.14) was isolated from the soluble proteins of the plant cell fraction of nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The enzyme, purified more than 140-fold with a yield of 11%, was stabilized with glycerol and required a sulfydryl-reducing agent for maximum activity. Gel filtration indicated a molecular weight of 200,000, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis a single subunit of 50,000 Da. The final specific activity ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 mumol min-1 mg protein-1. The enzyme had an alkaline pH optimum and showed a high affinity for IMP (Km = 9.1 X 10(-6) M at pH 8.8 and NAD levels above 0.25 mM) and NAD (Km = 18-35 X 10(-6) M at pH 8.8). NAD was the preferred coenzyme, with NADP reduction less than 10% of that with NAD, while molecular oxygen did not serve as an electron acceptor. Intermediates of ureide metabolism (allantoin, allantoic acid, uric acid, inosine, xanthosine, and XMP) did not affect the enzyme, while AMP, GMP, and NADH were inhibitors. GMP inhibition was competitive with a Ki = 60 X 10(-6) M. The purified enzyme was activated by K+ (Km = 1.6 X 10(-3) M) but not by NH+4. The K+ activation was competitively inhibited by Mg2+. The significance of the properties of IMP oxidoreductase for regulation of ureide biosynthesis in legume root nodules is discussed.

Binding, Competitive↗