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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Vertical transmission of hepatitis B.

Vertical transmission from mother to fetus and from mother to newborn infant of HBV plays a major role in maintaining the hepatitis B endemic condition. After a review of the literature on the subject the Authors outline the data of three years of investigations performed on a sample of 5345 pregnant women, puerperae and their respective infants. These data point out: - the high rate, statistically significant, of HBsAg-positive women (2.63%), among those hospitalized for threatened abortion or abortion in progress; - the high positivity rate (16.39%) of cord blood samples of infants born to carrier mothers; - the constant negativity of cord blood in these infants during the first week of age; - the follow-up of 37 children from carrier mothers (controlled at 1, 2, 3, 6 months and 1 and 2 years of age) substantiates the constant negativity for HBsAg in European children.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of family history data for evidence of non-Mendelian inheritance resulting from vertical transmission.

A number of infections of man, as well as of other animal and plant species, are heavily dependent upon 'vertical transmission'--that is direct parent-to-progeny transfer--for their maintenance in host populations. Such vertical transmission may be considered as a form of inheritance. It is usually non-Mendelian. This paper discusses the implications of such inheritance for the distribution of disease in families. A method is described for making quantitative predictions of prevalence rates of infection and of disease within different classes of relatives of either infected or uninfected probands. It is pointed out that, whereas a maternal line excess is to be expected among relatives of positive probands, the opposite should be found in families of negative probands. Expected differences between maternal and paternal line prevalence rates of observable disease decline rapidly with distance of relationship from the proband, and are greatly reduced by diagnostic insensitivity (analogous to penetrance). The implications of this analytic method for the design of family history studies are discussed. Published data on familial breast cancer are reviewed, and found to show no evidence that this condition is associated with a non-integrated vertically transmitted agent.

Carrier State↗
PubMed2024

Antiviral RNA interference inhibits virus vertical transmission in plants.

Known for over a century, seed transmission of plant viruses promotes trans-continental virus dissemination and provides the source of infection to trigger devastating disease epidemics in crops. However, it remains unknown whether there is a genetically defined immune pathway to suppress virus vertical transmission in plants. Here, we demonstrate potent immunosuppression of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) seed transmission in its natural host Arabidopsis thaliana by antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals predominant embryo infection at four stages of embryo development. We show that antiviral RNAi confers resistance to seed infection with different genetic requirements and drastically enhanced potency compared with the inhibition of systemic infection of whole plants. Moreover, we detect efficient seed transmission of a mutant CMV lacking its RNAi suppressor gene in mutant plants defective in antiviral RNAi, providing further support for the immunosuppression of seed transmission by antiviral RNAi.

Plant Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus. Relation to intrauterine fetal monitoring.

A prospective study of 70 mother-infant pairs was designed to evaluate vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in relation to the use of intrauterine fetal monitors (IUFMs). Multiple-site cultures obtained from mothers during the intrapartum interval and those obtained from infants on day 1 and at discharge or day 4 were plated on a selective medium. Thirteen (27.1%) of 48 IUFM-exposed women vs seven (31.8%) of 22 non-IUFM-exposed women had GBS at one or more sites. The GBS colonization with maternally concordant serotypes occurred in eight (61.5%) of 13 infants born to GBS-colonized, IUFM-exposed women vs two (28.6%) of seven infants born to GBS-colonized, non-IUFM-exposed women. While this suggests that vertical transmission of GBS is enhanced by IUFM placement, the differences in these infant rates were not statistically significant.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1978

Vertical transmission of type 2 herpes simplex virus infection in immunosuppressed hamsters.

The effect of immunosuppressive procedure with cyclophosphamide on the vertical transmission of the type 2 herpes simplex virus in hamsters was investigated. Single injection of the cyclophoshamide one day before virus inoculation in various stages of pregnant course caused high rate of placental and fetal infection of the virus. Immunofluorescence technique revealed the presence of viral antigen in more than 90% of placentas and 29% of fetuses with treatment at the middle of late stage of gestation. The drug treatment alone without viral infection brought no detectable changes in placentas or fetuses, whereas slight depletion of mononuclear cells in perifollicular area of the spleen was found. The drug could destroy easily the defense mechanism of the placenta.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vertical transmission of hepatitis-B surface antigen.

Transmission of Hepatitis B virus from mother to infant can cause a severe type of neonatal hepatitis. Comparing chronic carrier mothers with mothers who have acute hepatitis in pregnancy we find that the latter group present the greater risk to their infants. Differences in the presence of Hepatitis B core and Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody in the acute case and in the carrier state may expoain the differences observed in the transmission rates of two groups. In countries where the prevalence of the carrier state is high it appears that vertical transmission of the carrier state is also common. This pattern may be explained by differences in the geographical distribution of carriers of Hep B e antigen, which has been recently described as a virulance factor.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Vertical transmission of hepatitis B (new personal case in a newborn infant)].

A case of acute B hepatitis in a male 3 month-old baby born to an asymptomatic-HBsAg-carrier mother is reported. There is a good evidence to support the hypothesis of a vertical transmission at delivery. In fact the mother failed to exhibit any reactivity for e/anti-e system and resulted DNA-polymerase negative.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Vertical transmission of type I and type 2 Herpes simplex virus infection in hamsters.

The relation of type 2 herpes simplex virus infection during the several stages of embryogenesis of hamster was examined using histopathological and immunofluorescent techniques. The comparative investigation between type 2 and type 1 was done. Both types of herpes simplex virus caused placental lesions and vertical transmission in fetuses when the virus was inoculated intravenously into pregnant hamsters at the middle and late stage of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay technique was used to detect hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). A strong correlation was found between HBeAg positivity of the serum of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier women in Taiwan and the subsequent development of surface antigenemia in their babies. All babies who became chronic HBsAg carriers were born to HBeAg positive women, maternal HBeAg positivity being a better prior indication of chronic antigenemia developing in the baby than the HBsAg titer in the mother's serum.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Evidence against breast-feeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis B.

A follow-up study of 147 babies born to mothers known to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) revealed no evidence for a relationship between breast-feeding and the subsequent development of antigenaemia in the babies. All babies were tested at three or more months of age, and the mean age at last follow-up was eleven months with a mean of three serum specimens per baby (not counting cord-blood specimens). The frequency of acquisition of HBsAg and anti-HBs was almost identical among breast-fed and non breast-fed infants. The frequency of other variables known to influence the development of antigenaemia among infants of carrier mothers did not vary according to breast-feeding status: mother's HBsAg titre, HBsAg positivity rate in cord-blood specimens, and HBsAg prevalence among siblings. 32 breast-milk specimens from carrier mothers were all HBsAg negative.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1979

Vertical transmission of murine cytomegalovirus.

Congenital abnormalities induced by murine cytomegalovirus have previously been suggested to be an indirect effect of maternal illness as no infectious virus has been isolated from the foetus. However, in this article we report that latent virus detectable by immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization, may frequently be present in foetal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen in carrier mothers in two west London hospitals.

126 children of 102 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers were delivered at Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, between 1971 and mid-1978. Blood tests on 110 of these children showed that 8 out of the 18 with Chinese mothers, but only 6 out of the 92 other children, have become HBsAg positive. The presence of maternal hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is also significantly correlated with transmission of HBsAg to the children. The management of children whose mothers are carriers is discussed.

Carrier State↗