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Results for “Vaginal Abnormalities”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Medical causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, not easily explained by the presence of a gynecologic lesion, infection, or hormonal abnormality, may be caused by systemic medical disease. Evaluation of the clotting system, both platelets and clotting factors, should be done to rule out hematologic disorders that can cause blood loss. Additionally, a detailed history, directed physical examination, and carefully chosen laboratory studies can establish the presence of endocrine disease, renal insufficiency, hepatic abnormalities, and vasculitis. Specific questions about diet and drug use may uncover nutritional deficiencies or adverse drug reactions that produce or contribute to abnormal vaginal blood loss. Evaluations for medical causes of vaginal bleeding may require subspecialty consultation to facilitate timely diagnosis.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Managing abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A carefully directed patient history and physical examination along with basic laboratory tests can lead to accurate diagnosis. In most cases, symptoms can be controlled with use of oral contraceptives, progesterone supplements, and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenopausal women.

The incidence of abnormal vaginal bleeding increases as women approach the end of their reproductive years. In the perimenopausal age group, the most common cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding is anovulation. In most patients, diagnosis and management can be accomplished in a family physician's office.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal vaginal bleeding secondary to iron deficiency in a thirteen year old.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenarchal females is usually attributed to immaturity of the hypothalmic/pituitary/gonadal axis (i.e., dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Iron deficiency as a cause for abnormal bleeding has been described, but is poorly understood. This case report describes a 13-year-old Hispanic female with iron deficiency anemia as a presumptive cause for two episodes of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Anemia may be a cause as well as an effect of menorrhagia in young teenagers. Work-up should include evaluation of tissue iron stores if other etiologies for abnormal bleeding are not found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The management of the patient with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy.

Thirty-two patients presenting with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy were studied. Seven (21.8%) had had hysterectomy for benign conditions whilst 25 (78.1%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical carcinoma. Twenty-five patients had partial or total vaginectomy (15 as the primary procedure), and one required laser treatment following vaginectomy. Of 11 (34.3%) patients treated primarily by laser, five subsequently required vaginectomy because of persistent or recurrent cytological abnormality. All four patients treated with topical 5-fluorouracil or dinitrochlorobenzene subsequently required surgery. Nine of the 32 patients (28.1%) proved to have invasive carcinoma of the vagina on histological examination of the vaginectomy specimen. At the time of writing all patients in the study are well with no evidence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The possible role of hemidesmosomes in neonatally estrogen-induced selection of a permanently altered abnormal vaginal epithelium.

In untreated and neonatally-estrogenized (E) Balb/c mice the numbers of hemidesmosomes per basal cell cross section (HD/bccs) gradually increases from 0.07 HD/bccs on day 1 to about 2 to 3 HD/bccs on day 4 postpartum. In untreated mice the incidence of HD's increases and plateaus at 6 to 7 HD/bccs on days 5 and 8, while during this same period in E-treated mice the incidence is increased to 14 to 15 HD/bccs. In 5-day-old E-treated mice two types of basal vaginal epithelial cells can be recognized: basophilic cells rich in HD (19.5 +/- 2.1 HD/bccs) and light cells containing only 5.3 +/- 3.3 HD/bccs. The basophilic, HD-rich cells appear to replace the lighter HD-poor cells. The hypothesis that HD's are involved in the estradiol-induced selection of an abnormal vaginal epithelium is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of genital herpes simplex infection and abnormal vaginal cytology in late pregnancy in asymptomatic patients.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in 809 asymptomatic, late pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC) at Ramathibodi Hospital. There was only one case where the cervico-vaginal swab specimen was positive for HSV by cultivation and the biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-SA ELISA), for detection of viral antigens. This gave a prevalence rate of 0.12%. The anti-HSV IgM in cord blood of the infant born to this mother was negative. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear was performed in 554 cases, including the above patient, but none showed evidence of HSV infection. The high prevalence of lower genital tract infection in these subjects was noted in both Pap smear (31.05%) and wet preparation of the cervico-vaginal discharge (46.72%). Thus, examination of the cervico-vaginal discharge during late pregnancy should be of benefit to the patients, in revealing asymptomatic infections of the lower genital tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Vaginal abnormalities in ovariectomized BALB/cCrgl mice after neonatal exposure to different doses of diethylstilbestrol.

Newborn BALB/cCrgl female mice received five daily injections of various doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES), 0.0001-10 micrograms. Mice were killed at 6 days of age or at 4 months after ovariectomy at 40-42 days. Subepithelial nodules of polygonal cells in the upper (Mullerian) vagina during early postnatal life were associated with the later occurrence of ovary-independent persistent stratification with or without cornification in mice treated neonatally with 0.1-10 micrograms DES and thus are a possible predictor of this phenomenon. The thresholds for the induction of ovary-independent epithelial pegs, downgrowths and adenosis (glandular formations) were 0.1 microgram and 0.5 microgram DES/day, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Vaginal abnormalities.

The embryologic development of the vagina is still disputed. The urogenital sinus and the mesonephric (wolffian) and paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts probably all play a role in the development of the vagina. Duplication, agenesis, mesonephric duct remnants, and hymen abnormalities are among the more common congenital anomalies of the vagina.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Screening and the detection of gonorrhea.

The purpose of a physician's screening for gonorrhea is the provision of comprehensive health care to patients who seek his care. Among sexually active young patients, gonorrhea is probably far more common than many other diseases a physician "screens" for during a routine physical examination. Since gonorrhea culture tests are too costly in time and money to be offered to every patient, guidelines can be used to select patients for screening who are most likely to have gonorrhea. The gonorrhea culture test should be carried out in the same spirit as a cervical cytology test, as a potential health benefit and without stigma.However, even more important than gonorrhea screening, from the standpoint of the patient, is (1) increased use of culture for diagnostic problem solving, particularly in women with dysuria, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal menstrual bleeding or lower abdominal pain, and (2) location and treatment of sex partners.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Association between bacterial vaginosis and acute cystitis in women using diaphragms.

We hypothesized that the increased vaginal fluid pH and altered vaginal microflora characteristic of bacterial vaginosis might predispose young women to introital colonization with Escherichia coli and to acute cystitis. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied 291 women who presented with acute urinary symptoms for association of clinically defined bacterial vaginosis and vaginal conditions associated with this syndrome (increased vaginal fluid pH, absence of lactobacilli, and abnormal vaginal fluid gas-liquid chromatographic patterns) with E coli introital colonization and urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli introital colonization and urinary tract infection were both significantly more frequent among women with a high vaginal fluid pH, an absence of vaginal lactobacilli, or an abnormal vaginal fluid gas-liquid chromatographic pattern characteristic of bacterial vaginosis. Escherichia coli introital colonization was also more frequent in women with bacterial vaginosis. These associations and an association of bacterial vaginosis and E coli urinary tract infection were strong only among the 144 women who were diaphragm users. We conclude that bacterial vaginosis, or an altered vaginal microflora as reflected by an abnormal gas-liquid chromatographic pattern characteristic of bacterial vaginosis, is associated with E coli introital colonization and acute symptomatic urinary tract infection in women who use diaphragms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Vaginal epithelial abnormalities in patients with CIN: clinical and pathological features and management.

Of 4147 women who had CIN treated by laser at the Regional Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, 103 (2.5%) had co-existing vaginal epithelial abnormalities. CIN 3 was the histological diagnosis most often associated with vaginal lesions. The upper vagina was almost always involved. In 67% the lesion in the cervix appeared to be confluent with that in the vagina. Even when the lesions were confluent, biopsies form the cervical and vaginal components did not always show the same grade of intraepithelial neoplasia and in some biopsies they showed different lesions. Laser treatment appears to be effective for the vaginal lesions and is therefore recommended although, in selected patients, careful follow up alone may suffice.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1988

Candida concentrations in the vagina and their association with signs and symptoms of vaginal candidosis.

Among 106 women harbouring yeasts in the vagina and with other causes of genital pathology excluded, there was a statistically significant association between numbers of yeasts recovered semi-quantitatively from vaginal swabs and symptoms of pruritus and signs of abnormal vaginal discharge but no association between yeast numbers and other individual symptoms or signs of vaginal candidosis, including patients' own subjective assessment of abnormal vaginal discharge. The presence of yeasts detectable by direct microscopic examination was statistically associated with pruritus, discharge and vaginitis. There was no relationship between numbers of vaginal yeasts and histories of antibiotic or oral contraceptive usage or the stage of the menstrual cycle. Distributions of Candida species and Candida albicans biotypes were not statistically related to any symptoms, signs or other factors. The results of this study suggest that vaginal pathology caused by Candida species may be related to the quantity of the fungus in the vagina and that only pruritus and objectively assessed vaginal discharge are firm clinical indicators of Candida infection.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histologic and clinical characteristics associated with rapidly progressive invasive cervical cancer: a preliminary report from the Yale Cancer Control Research Unit.

Histologic and clinical characteristics associated with rapidly progressive invasive cervical cancer are presented in this preliminary report from a population-based study involving all patients in Connecticut diagnosed with cervical cancer from March 1, 1985. Rapidly progressive invasive cervical cancer, i.e., invasive cancer diagnosed within three years of a true negative Pap smear, is more likely to occur in younger women with high annual incomes (61 percent greater than $40,000) who report a greater frequency of benign gynecologic conditions (uterine leiomyomata, vaginitis) compared to a control cervical cancer group. These preliminary data suggest that as many as 35 percent of the rapidly progressive cervical cancers are likely to be adenocarcinomas. Because they are mostly endocervical in origin, they may not be detected cytologically if scrapers or cotton swabs are used to sample the endocervical canal. New cytologic screening techniques using brushes may identify these lesions earlier and should routinely be employed in cytologic screening for cervical neoplasia. The difficulty in early detection of this form of the disease requires that physicians rapidly assess patients with unexplained pelvic and lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, or abnormal vaginal bleeding since early recognition is the only chance for cure. Further analyses of this population of women will be made to identify additional risk factors when the study data are complete.

Adenocarcinoma↗