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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Study of the glucose concentration in five vascular regions -- aorta, arteria pulmonalis, vena cava inferior, vena cava superior, vena hepatica -- in childhood (author's transl)].

Using the Beckman glucose analyzer, glucose concentration was determined in the serum of the fasting blood in five vascular regions -- aorta, arteria pulmonalis, vena cava inferior, vena cava superior, vena hepatica -- of 52 children (ages 2,5 months up to 14 years and 3 months, x = 6 years and 3 months, male = 28, female = 24) with a healthy metabolism. The comparison of the average values of the glucose concentrations determined in five vascular regions in childhood showed that the glucose concentration in the vena hepatica was statistically significant higher than in the other vascular regions. Moreover the comparison of the glucose concentrations revealed that the values in the vena cava inferior were statistically significant higher as compared to the values in the vena cava superior. The glucose concentrations in the arteria pulmonalis, the vena cava superior and the aorta were nearly equal. Compared with the older children, the younger children had in all the investigated vascular regions lower glucose concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Echocardiography of the Inferior Vena Cava, Superior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus in Right Heart Failure.

Echocardiographic evaluation of the three major systemic venous channels that drain directly into the right atrium has hitherto received less attention than it deserves. Attention had been paid initially to inferior vena cava dilatation and lack of collapsibility (plethora) as signs of systemic venous congestion. Superior vena cava imaging has not been part of routine echographic evaluation; however, our recent observations on superior vena cava appearance by the right supraclavicular approach provide evidence that dilatation of superior vena cava correlates with that of inferior vena cava as a marker for venous congestion. The coronary sinus caliber, which has been virtually ignored, may also provide echographic signs of systemic congestion, namely, dilatation and lack of normal narrowing during atrial contraction.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doppler flow velocity patterns of the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, hepatic vein, coronary sinus, and atrial septal defect: a guide for the echocardiographer.

Pulsed-wave Doppler provides the echocardiographer the advantage of range resolution; confusion as to the source of Doppler shift information is unusual. One area of the heart that may lead to interpretive difficulties, however, is the right atrium because the right atrium receives blood flow from three venous sources and from the left atrium when an atrial septal defect is present. Our article presents information on the normal pulsed-wave Doppler spectral displays for the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, hepatic vein, and coronary sinus. Because it is clinically pertinent, methods on how to differentiate these normal venous flow patterns from atrial septal defect flow will be emphasized.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1998

Two-step procedure in Budd-Chiari syndrome with severe intrahepatic vena cava stenosis: vena cava stenting and portocaval shunt.

Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by hepatic venous outflow obstruction, which often leads to death as a result of portal hypertension and liver failure. Venous decompressive shunt surgery and liver transplantation represent efficient surgical treatments of Budd-Chiari syndrome. In the case presented here, severe intrahepatic compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was caused by the hypertrophic caudate lobe. A mere portocaval shunt was not feasible because of a large pressure gradient across the intrahepatic stenosis. A two-step procedure with preoperative radiological dilation and stenting of the intrahepatic IVC followed by a portocaval shunt was successfully performed. Consequently, liver transplantation and its subsequent immunosuppression could be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Leiomyosarcoma of the superior vena cava producing superior vena cava syndrome and heart tamponade.

An autopsy case of primary leiomyosarcoma arising in the superior vena cava is presented. A 44 year old Japanese man presented with superior vena cava syndrome and eventually died due to heart tamponade and acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed that the superior vena cava was occluded with a tumor that had invaded the pericardium and right thoracic cavity. Primary caval venous leiomyosarcoma is a rare but lethal disease and most cases arise from the inferior vena cava. This case represents a very rare case of leiomyosarcoma with the rare clinical findings of superior vena cava syndrome and heart tamponade.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stenting of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava for symptomatic narrowing after repeated atrial surgery for D-transposition of the great vessels.

Double venous stenting of the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava was successfully performed after failed balloon angioplasty in a young woman who had venoatrial narrowing and kinking after repeated Mustard procedure for D-transposition of great vessels. Self-expanding metallic stents were used. Angiography showed that the first stent was fully patient after six months when a second stent was implanted. This operation was followed by sustained clinical improvement. The present report shows the feasibility and success of stenting of the great veins when postoperative narrowing or kinking is unresponsive to balloon angioplasty alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by accessory renal vessels in association with preureteral vena cava and vena caval duplication.

An apparent ureteropelvic junction obstruction on the right side may herald an array of anomalous conditions for which the surgeon should be prepared. A case is presented in which ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by accessory renal vessels was found in association with a preureteral vena cava and a vena caval duplication on the right side. The embryology of caval anomalies associated with preureteric vena cava is reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Transposition of the great arteries, primum atrial septal defect, azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, bilateral superior venae cavae and dextrocardia with centrally placed liver.

Successful surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries in a nine-year-old girl with dextrocardia, primum atrial septal defect, bilateral venae cavae, and azygos continuation of inferior vena cava is reported. The patient was cooled on cardiopulmonary bypass and the operation performed under circulatory arrest at 19 degrees C. nasopharyngeal temperature. The problems of diagnosis and management are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implantable cardioverter defibrillatory implantation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena cava atresia.

Persistence of a left superior vena cava has been observed in 0.3% of the general population as established by autopsy findings. In the adult population. it is an important anatomic finding if a left or right superior vena cava approach to the heart is considered for device implantation. We present a case with persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena cava atresia in whom a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted and was technically challenging.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

[Absent right superior vena cava with left superior vena cava draining to an unroofed coronary sinus].

We describe the case of a 1-month-old infant with a complete atrioventricular septal defect with right dominance, situs solitus, and drainage from the persistent left superior vena cava to the coronary sinus. Corrective surgery was carried out without previous cardiac catheterization. During the operation, the right superior vena cava was found to be absent. Cyanosis and head-and-neck edema were observed in the immediate postoperative period. Transthoracic echocardiography carried out after injection of a small volume of stirred saline into an epicranial vein demonstrated the presence of microbubbles in the left cardiac cavities. A second operation was performed to prevent drainage from the left superior vena cava to the left atrium (via the unroofed coronary sinus) and to insert a PTFE conduit between the innominate vein and the right atrial appendage. The outcome was excellent. In this report, the embryological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of this entity are discussed.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Kartagener's syndrome with bilateral superior vena cava and absent inferior vena cava].

A 39-year-old man with a history of repeated attacks of acute bronchitis and pneumonia since childhood was admitted complaining of cough, sputum, and a high fever. A diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome was made because of the presence of mirror-image dextrocardia with complete situs inversus, bronchiectasis in right B6 and B10, and chronic sinusitis. Examination of the ciliary ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium showed defective inner dynein arms and impaired nasal clearance was suggested by the saccharin particle method. Contrast venography of great veins revealed a McCotter type II bilateral superior vena cava and an absent inferior vena cava with (hemi-) azygos continuation. A search to find a similar case in the literature failed. Abnormal ciliary movement from the embryonic period was implicated as a causative factor in Kartagener's triad and the morphological abnormalities of the great veins.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relation between inferior vena cava oxygen saturation, superior vena cava flow, fractional oxygen extraction and haemoglobin affinity in sick newborns: a pilot study.

AIM: To determine whether inferior vena cava oxygen saturation (UvO2) or lower-body fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) could detect poor cardiac output in newborns. METHODS: UvO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured simultaneously with echocardiographic determination of superior vena cava blood flow (SVC flow) at <12, 12-24 and >24 h. Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haemoglobin oxygen affinity (HOA) and lactate were measured and FOE calculated. RESULTS: 56 studies in 17 infants, gestational age (median (range)) 26 wk 4 d (23 wk 2 d-42 wk 3 d): UvO2 (mean (SD)) was 84.9% (5.0), 77.6% (9.2) and 81.7% (12.9) at <12, 12-24 and >24 h, respectively; SVC flow (mean (SD)) increased from 71.7 (33) to 85 (66) and 123 (88) ml/kg/min at <12, 12-24 and >24 h, respectively. Despite a fall in mean [Hb], mean upper-body oxygen delivery increased due to increases in both SVC flow and arteriovenous content difference. There was a negative correlation between [Hb] and FOE. Infants with high HOA had significantly lower FOE. CONCLUSION: Measurement of UvO2 is feasible in newborns. Changes to SVC flow and arteriovenous content difference lead to improvements in oxygen delivery. The interaction of HOA warrants further study.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1995

Transvenous defibrillator implantation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena cava atresia.

In this report a transvenous cardioverter defibrillator implantation is described in two patients with a persistent left-sided superior vena cava and right SVC atresia. In the first case, manoeuvring of the guide wire inserted through the left subclavian vein into the SVC proved impossible, revealing a left SVC originating from the left brachiocephalic vein with an acute corner. Changing the side of implantation and inserting a CPI Endotak catheter through the right subclavian vein, the lead was easily advanced through the left SVC into the coronary sinus and then into the right atrium with the tip abutting the lateral atrial wall. Subsequent manoeuvres allowed passage of the tip of the catheter into the right ventricular apex with the proximal defibrillation coil of the Endotak lead in the low left SVC, with its distal limit at the junction with the coronary sinus. A biphasic waveform single pathway RV - > left SVC successfully defibrillated with a stored energy of 5 J. In the second patient, implantation of a transvenous Medtronic system was possible from a left infraclavicular approach. A tripolar RV coil was inserted into the right ventricle via the persistent left SVC and contiguous coronary sinus. Because of the acute angle required to enter the RV in this second case, the RV lead was looped in the right atrium in order to enter the RV in a satisfactory, albeit atypical RV location. This patient was successfully defibrillated with a 5 J monophasic waveform delivered between the RV coil, a CS/left SVC coil, and a subcutaneous patch. In conclusion, both of these patients illustrate the ability to use transvenous ICDs successfully in patients with persistent left superior vena cava although the implantation technique deviates substantially from traditional methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Partially unroofed coronary sinus syndrome with persistent left superior vena cava, absent right superior vena cava and right-sided pericardial defect.

Partially unroofed coronary sinus syndrome with persistent left superior vena cava is a rare congenital anomaly. It frequently produces a right-to-left shunt. We report a case in which a large left-to-right shunt was present, because of the obstruction to left ventricular inflow as a result of the dilated coronary sinus. This abnormality was associated with absent right superior vena cava and a partial pericardial defect on the right side.

Adult↗