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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Haemoglobin of varicose vein, varicose vein with thrombophlebitis and in parietal thrombus of varicose vein.

Saphenous veins were taken for examination: unchanged, varicose with thrombophlebitis and varicose thrombus. The contents of haemoglobin and protein were determined in the homogenate of that material. Only small quantities of haemoglobin were found in walls of unchanged veins. Greater amounts of haemoglobin were observed in walls of varicose veins, especially in walls of varicose veins with thrombophlebitis. The varicose vein thrombus also contained marked quantities of haemoglobin.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed2005

[Women with pelvic complaints and atypical varicose veins, varicose veins of the vulva and insufficiency of the pelvic veins; treatment with embolisation].

In three women, aged 34, 52 and 30 years, respectively, who suffered from chronic pelvic symptoms such as a heavy feeling and abdominal pain, atypical varicose veins were observed on the medial side of the upper thighs together with varicose veins of the vulva; these are indicators of insufficiency of the pelvic veins. The symptoms were reduced following embolisation of the insufficient pelvic veins. These symptoms are also known as the pelvic congestive syndrome. The exact correlation between insufficiency of the pelvic veins and the complaints mentioned above has not yet been determined, but it seems that in most patients the symptoms diminish or disappear following embolisation of the insufficient pelvic veins. When patients complain of chronic pelvic pain of unknown aetiology, one should look for atypical varices and vulval varices and consider pelvic-vein insufficiency as a possible cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Color-coded duplex sonography in diagnosis of primary varicose veins and recurrent varicose veins].

Varicose vein surgery, adapted to obtaining condition, requires highly accurate preoperative diagnostics as a basic requirement. The Colour Doppler ultrasound allows one to ascertain the morphological, topographical and functional condition of the venous system and thereby makes possible an operation appropriate for the stage. Thirty-six patients who preoperatively were subject to this examination could be clearly classified according to the localisation of the points of insufficiency; also existing insufficient perforans veins were identified. Eleven patients suffering from relapse varicose veins were examined. In the course of examination we identified crosse and parva relapses as well as perforans insufficiencies and subsequently removed them surgically. Our results definitely show that clinical use of colour Doppler ultrasound in the field of preoperative varicose vein diagnostics has considerable advantages compares with the hitherto existing methods and therefore should be applied more extensively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Management of sudden profuse bleeding from varicose veins.

Varicose vein bleeding of the lower extremities is an unusual but pressing indication for treatment and can be lethal. This series reviews operative and injection treatment of such veins in patients with bleeding. During a 49-month period 14 patients (eight men and six women) with a mean age of 62.1 years (range, 23 to 93 years) were seen after venous bleeding related to varicosities of the lower extremity. They described between one and five episodes of bleeding (mean, 2.4), but only one patient required transfusion. The site of bleeding was the lower calf or foot in 11 and affected the thigh in three patients. One was in the third trimester of pregnancy. Nine patients had lesions involving clustered small 1 mm or less diameter varicose veins, whereas five had large diffuse varicose vein formation. None had evidence of coagulopathy, and the inciting episode was either unknown or related to minor trauma. Treatment of eight patients with small-diameter veins was instituted with 0.2% sodium tetradecyl injection with a 30-gauge needle, thrombosing veins within 5 cm of the bleeding focus. A total of 13 ml solution (1.0 to 27 ml) per patient was used during two or three treatment periods (mean, 2.5 treatment periods) spaced 2 weeks apart. Six patients were treated by means of standard vein-stripping techniques or local branch removal at the bleeding site. Effective thrombosis was achieved in all eight patients with small (less than 1 mm) varicose veins treated with sclerosis. In five patients who underwent surgery there was effective resolution of the hemorrhage. One patient with small-diameter varicose veins clustered about the ankle underwent operative treatment and had venous stasis ulceration requiring compression dressings for healing. In all 14 cases control of bleeding was obtained, with follow-up to 49 months (mean, 21.3 months); one had rebleeding from a site 32 cm remote from the original injected area 11 months after treatment. Bleeding from small-diameter varicose veins of the lower extremity can be controlled effectively by sclerosing techniques with sodium tetradecyl. Larger veins are managed with operative removal. Combining these techniques provides efficient management of often-elderly patients, many in an outpatient setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Current concepts in the management of varicose veins.

Varicose veins are a very common problem, affecting women more than men. The major concern is usually the unsightly appearance of the veins. Various options to deal with this problem are discussed-- compression stockings, compression sclerotherapy and surgery. For good results and patient satisfaction, the cause and natural history of varicose veins must be understood. Depending on the type of varicose vein, different modalities of treatment are required and may need to be combined. "Cosmetic" varicosities can usually be managed conservatively with compression stockings. Sclerotherapy is best used for dilated superficial or residual varicose veins, recurrent varicosities or leg perforators. Operation should be reserved for very large varicose veins or an incompetent long or short saphenous vein. A sound understanding of the problems and discussion of anticipated results with the patient will prevent unrealistic expectations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imbalance in the synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in smooth muscle cells derived from human varicose veins.

Varicose veins have a thickening wall. Their smooth muscle cells are disorganized as regards proliferation and production of extracellular matrix protein. An imbalance between the synthesis of collagen type I protein (collagen I) and collagen type III protein (collagen III) could explain the lack of elasticity of varicose veins. Therefore, collagen synthesis was compared in the media and in cultured smooth muscle cells derived from human control and varicose saphenous veins. An increase in total collagen synthesis was observed in the media and in smooth muscle cells derived from varicose veins. This augmentation was due to an overproduction of collagen I in cultured cells from varicose veins consistent with an increase in the release of collagen I metabolites in the media. A concomitant decrease in collagen III was observed in cultures of smooth muscle cells from varicose veins. The increase in the synthesis of collagen I in cells from varicose veins was correlated with an overexpression of the gene since mRNAs for collagen I were augmented without change in mRNA-half-life. This augmentation in the synthesis of collagen I was reduced by the addition of exogenous collagen III in cultures from varicose veins. These findings suggest a dysregulation of the synthesis of collagen I and III in smooth muscle cells derived from varicose veins.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical anatomy of collateral varicose veins (essential varicose veins of the legs)].

Performance of ambulatory phlebectomies has greatly enhanced the anatomo-clinical description of collateral varicosities (CV), permitting a better understanding of their physio-pathological role, and acknowledging, in some instances, their true autonomy. Physio-pathological role:--Reflux transfer--The function of CV is not limited to a mere acknowledgment (vector function) of the refluxes from the long pathological axes on which they branch. This function also consists in ensuring the diversion (transfer function) from one territory to another.--Pathology transfer--This reflux transfer is sometimes accompanied with a pathology transfer in the new territory (pathology steals). Anatomo-clinical description:--Supra-limb collaterals--These are CV with a parieto-abdominal course and pelvic CV, developed below the origin of the limb.--Proximity collaterals--These are "ladder-shaped" collaterals with oblique bars!, uniting adjacent long axes.--Inter-axial collaterals--These are crural, tibial of cruro-tibial CV, uniting distant long axes and providing junctions between medial and lateral saphenous veins, lateral and medial saphenous veins, saphenous veins-peroneal axis... Situations of autonomy: Independence regarding long axes, is demonstrated by the autonomous nature of the original reflux and affects, more especially: the antero-lateral crural slings, the lateral pudental vessels, the popliteal veins. The treatment of collateral varicosities involves surgery, ambulatory phlebectomy, sclerosis with could be implemented separately or concomitantly.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed2006

Current advances in the pathogenesis of varicose veins.

Varicose veins have a wide prevalence and are characterized by their tortuous, dilated, and serpentine appearance. This pattern is the result of disruption of the normal arrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in veins. Valvular incompetence and the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure have been implicated in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. Alterations in the ECM and varied expression of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors can effect changes in venous wall remodeling. Gene expression and specific candidate markers have been identified in varicose veins. Differential gene transcription may influence the adaptive response of the venous wall to stimuli and the remodeling of the ECM that leads to the development of varicose veins.

Extracellular Matrix Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Mast cell infiltration in the wall of varicose veins.

Varicose veins of the lower extremities are abnormally dilated, tortuous and elongated. The exact cause of vein dilatation has still not been established. Mast cells produce, store and release various types of vasoactive compounds (histamine, tryptase, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines). Histamine enhances local vasopermeability and smooth muscle cell proliferation, leading to thickening of the intima. Tryptase can contribute to local vascular injury and subsequent weakness of the vascular wall causing varix formation. The aim of the present study was the comparison of mast cell infiltration in the wall of varicose and non-varicose veins. The mean mast cell density in the wall of varicose veins was 0.86 mast cell per mm2 and in healthy non-dilated vein walls, density was 1.23 mast cell per mm2. This difference was not statistically significant, therefore we could not confirm our hypothesis. Nevertheless, we suggest that mast cells could play an important role in the development of varices and the factor released by the mast cells should be further examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonic treatment of varicose veins.

Varicose veins and venous ailments are common among adult Americans. Treatment procedures vary but are mostly invasive. The current investigation utilizes focused high-intensity ultrasound for producing destruction of the venous wall in experimental dogs and in patients with varicose veins. Results are encouraging and suggest that focused ultrasonic irradiation can be an efficacious means of treating varicose veins and other venous disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Practical management of primary varicose veins.

Varicose veins cause a great deal of morbidity in our population today. Despite the large amount of surgical time spent dealing with the problem, there is still a disappointingly high recurrence rate and many patients are investigated inadequately before surgery. This review considers the assessment of 'simple' varicose veins using a combination of tourniquet tests and a hand-held doppler probe. The place of more sophisticated investigative techniques is also discussed, in particular the value of duplex assessment in localising the variably sited sapheno-popliteal junction. Routine stripping of the long saphenous vein to the below-knee level is likely to decrease the recurrence rate of simple, long, saphenous varicose veins.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The surgical anatomy of varicose veins.

Varicose veins are managed largely in ignorance of important aspects of normal anatomy. In a study of 60 dissected legs the following observations were made: 1. The long saphenous vein--normally lies on the deep fascia enclosed with an envelope of fibrous tissue, which presumably compresses the vein rhythmically on exercise to aid centripetal flow. Thick walled and straight it is never varicose, and, communicating regularly with only one or two of the 60 or so perforating veins in the lower limb, its removal by stripping in operations for varicose veins is unjustifiable. In 18% of legs its femoral part is thin walled, superficial, and sometimes multipartite: in such legs varicose veins are commoner than usual, a point of aetiological interest. 2. The tributaries of the long saphenous vein--below the knee normally drain indirectly into it via an arch vein lying parallel but in a posterior and superficial plane, communicating with it both above and below. To reach it, for instance, the pre-tibial tributaries must cross the long saphenous vein. Varicosities of these tributaries and the arch vein therefore overlie the long saphenous vein and are sometimes attributed to it. Similarly the upper end of the arch vein is often erroneously thought to be the long saphenous vein itself dilated up to an incompetent thigh perforator. 3. Perforating veins--are found all over the limb but mainly at intermuscular septa. Minor ones communicate with small muscle veins, major ones with the main deep veins. The major ones medially above the ankle differ from the rest in running a short (1 cm) and unprotected course from subcutaneous fat to posterior tibial veins through the wide gap between soleus and tibia. They are therefore peculiarly susceptible to damage, and their incompetence is peculiarly direct an its effect, which anatomical weakness may account for the prevalence of medial venous ulceration.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The role of arteriovenous shunts in the pathogenesis of varicose veins.

Varicose veins and venous insufficiency are causes of significant morbidity. In North America 10% to 17% of the adult population is affected, an incidence 10 times that of arterial disease. Despite this, origin and mechanism of disease remain obscure. This study was designed to illustrate the presence of patent arteriovenous shunts in the varicosed limb and to assess their role. Twenty-eight women and twenty-one men with primary varicose veins were studied. Thirty-six men and seven women without venous disease served as a control group. Blood samples were collected from an arm vein and a limb varicosity in the study group along with an arterial blood sample. Blood samples were also drawn from an arm vein and the femoral vein in the control group along with an arterial blood sample. Venous partial oxygen pressure (PVO2) and hemoglobin saturation (HbSat) were measured and venous oxygen content (CVO2) calculated. Mean values were then obtained and statistical comparisons made between each group. A statistically significant increase (p less than 0.001) in all three parameters--PVO2, HbSat, and CVO2--was demonstrated in the patients' limbs with varicose veins, consistent with a functioning arteriovenous shunt.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fatal hemorrhage caused by varicose veins.

Varicose veins are a common, worldwide medical problem, but are generally considered non-life-threatening. We report three cases of fatal hemorrhage resulting from varicose veins and review the literature. The pathology of acute perforations onto the skin surface in varicose venous disease is described.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Duplex ultrasonography of recurrent varicose veins.

Varicose veins are a common clinical finding with a high recurrence rate following treatment with either surgery or sclerotherapy. Patterns of incompetence in 100 limbs with recurrent varicose veins were determined using duplex ultrasonography. Saphenofemoral or recurrent groin tributary incompetence was present in 44 limbs, an incompetent long saphenous remnant in 20, saphenopopliteal incompetence in 28, perforator incompetence in 35 and deep venous incompetence in 22. No significant incompetence was detected in 15 limbs. The findings suggest an important role for deep venous incompetence in recurrent veins and show that a re-exploration of the groin is unnecessary in over half of limbs with recurrent veins.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conservative management of varicose veins.

Varicose veins occur in approximately 15-20 per cent of the UK population (Callam, 1994). Although there is no universally accepted definition of a varicose vein, Callam (1999) has described it as 'a superficial vein of the lower limb, which has permanently lost its valvular efficiency and, because of the resultant venous hypertension caused by the standing position, becomes dilated, tortuous and thickened'.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Iatrogenic traumatic lesions of femoral veins during varicose veins surgery].

Traumatic lesions of the femoral veins during varicose veins surgery are very uncommon and they raise several therapeutic difficulties. They occur in 1/1000 cases of varicose veins operated. The authors describe four cases of lesions of this type that were seen and treated for the last six years, probably because there was an increase in the number of varicose veins operated on in the Lisbon area. The authors discuss the surgical options and they concluded that these complications can be minimized with good anatomical and surgical skills, specially of the saphenous-femoral and saphenous-popliteal junctions.

Adult↗