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Results for “Urogenital Effects”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Short-term urogenital effects of raloxifene, tamoxifen, and estrogen.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the urogenital effects of raloxifene, tamoxifen, conjugated equine estrogen, and placebo in healthy postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the urogenital effects of 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen (n = 15 women), 20 mg of tamoxifen (n = 14 women), 60 mg of raloxifene, (n = 15 women), and placebo (n = 13 women). Evaluations at baseline and evaluations after 20 weeks receiving the drug included a pelvic examination with cytologic evaluation of vagina and urethra, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation, and urethral axis deflection by cotton swab test (only in patients with incontinence [33%]). RESULTS: Conjugated equine estrogen increased the maturation value of both urethral and vaginal cytologic condition (P =.002, P =.032, respectively). There was a decrease in vaginal maturation value in the raloxifene group (not significant). Two of 8 women in the conjugated equine estrogen group showed evidence of worsening prolapse by pelvic organ prolapse quantitation; the condition of 2 of 8 women improved. In the raloxifene, tamoxifen, and placebo groups 8 of 12 women, 4 of 13 women, and 2 of 11 women had worsening in prolapse scores, respectively, whereas none of the women had improvement. Increased cotton swab deflection was found in 3 of 5 women in the raloxifene group, in 5 of 8 women in the tamoxifen group, in 0 of 4 women in the placebo group, and in 0 of 2 women in the conjugated equine estrogen group. Seventy-five percent of the patients who received raloxifene and 60% of the patients who received tamoxifen had increases in prolapse by any measure (ie, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation or cotton swab or clinical assessment) compared with 18% of the patients in the placebo group and 22% of the patients in the conjugated equine estrogen group (P =.015), although symptoms did not differ among groups. CONCLUSION: Neither raloxifene nor tamoxifen improve cytohormonal effects in the vagina or urethra, whereas conjugated equine estrogen does. Raloxifene and tamoxifen appear to show worsening prolapse compared with conjugated equine estrogen and placebo. The clinical relevance of these effects is unknown and requires investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The menopause and HRT. Urogenital effects of hormone therapy.

The urogenital tract and lower urinary tract are sensitive to the effects of oestrogen and progesterone throughout adult life. Epidemiological studies have implicated oestrogen deficiency in the aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms occurring following the menopause. Although to date the role of oestrogen replacement therapy in the management of post-menopausal urinary incontinence remains controversial, its use in the management of women complaining of urogenital atrophy is now well established. This aim of this chapter is to review the recent evidence regarding the urogenital effects of hormone therapy with a particular emphasis on the management of post-menopausal urinary incontinence, recurrent lower urinary tract infections and urogenital atrophy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2005

Urogenital effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) include a relatively large number of compounds, each with different profiles of estrogenic/antiestrogenic actions on the genital tract. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate all the available data from randomized, controlled studies on the effects of these compounds on pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. METHODS: Literature searches were performed using three computerized databases to identify the result of all randomized, controlled trials performed with SERMs having any effects on pelvic floor as an outcome. A manual search was performed on all related articles. RESULTS: We have identified only one randomized, placebo-controlled trial specifically designed to assess the effect of raloxifene and tamoxifen on the urogenital tract. Most of the data on genitourinary effects of various compounds derive from either questionnaires or adverse events reported during phase III clinical trials. Both tamoxifen and raloxifene appear to increase the incidence of pelvic floor prolapse in one trial, although this was not apparent from the licensing studies data for either of the drugs. Raloxifene does not appear to increase the incidence of urinary incontinence. Levormeloxifene and idoxifene, on the contrary, were noted to increase uterine prolapse and incontinence during phase III trials that prematurely terminated. No data are available on the genitourinary effect of toremifene and on the newer SERMs currently undergoing phase III trials: basedoxifene, lasofoxifene, and arzoxifene. CONCLUSION: Contrary to their effects in bone, SERMs do not have a class-specific effect on the genitourinary tract. In fact, compounds that are more estrogenic on the uterus such as levormeloxifene and idoxifene also increase the risk of prolapse and incontinence. SERMs can adversely affect the pelvic floor and incontinence but data from urodynamic studies are not yet available. Data on prolapse are contradictory. Given the increased incidence of prolapse and incontinence observed in several licensing trials, more focused research on the effect of these molecules on pelvic floor function is needed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Investigation of subalin effect on urogenital microflora of pregnant women].

Bacteriological examination of 30 women with incomplete pregnancy has been conducted. Representatives of 18 genera of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as yeast-like fungi of Candida genus were found. It has been established that spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus from subalin preparation have antagonistic activity in respect of the strains of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria with characteristic zones of growth depression of 12-15 mm. This demonstrates that the agents of infectional urogenital process are effectively suppressed by subalin.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed2004

A randomised controlled trial comparing abdominal and vaginal prolapse surgery: effects on urogenital function.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of vaginal hysterectomy (combined with anterior and/or posterior colporraphy) and abdominal sacro-colpopexy (with preservation of the uterus) on urogenital function. DESIGN: Randomised trial. SETTING: Three teaching hospitals in The Netherlands. POPULATION: Eighty-two patients undergoing surgical correction of uterine prolapse stages II-IV. METHODS: Participating patients completed the urogenital distress inventory (UDI), before and at six weeks, six months and one year after surgery, to measure discomfort of prolapse and micturition symptoms. Domain scores of the UDI (ranging from 0 to 100, higher scores indicating more discomfort) were compared between groups at all time points. Findings at pelvic examination, number of doctor visits within the first year after surgery because of pelvic floor symptoms and performed or planned surgery of recurrent genital prolapse were also compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Domain scores of the UDI at one year after surgery. RESULTS: At one year after surgery, scores on the discomfort/pain domain (mean difference 7.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-13.2), overactive bladder domain (mean difference 8.7, 95% CI 0.5-16.9) and obstructive micturition domain (mean difference 10.3, 95% CI 0.6-20.1) of the UDI were significantly higher in the abdominal group than in the vaginal group. Findings at pelvic examination were similar in both groups. Doctor visits because of pelvic floor symptoms were more frequent in the abdominal group than in the vaginal group. Re-operation was performed or planned in 9 of the 41 patients who underwent abdominal surgery and in 1 of the 41 patients who underwent vaginal surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 11.2, 95% CI 1.4-90.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that vaginal hysterectomy with anterior and/or posterior colporraphy is preferable to abdominal sacro-colpopexy with preservation of the uterus as surgical correction in patients with uterine prolapse stages II-IV.

Colpotomy↗
PubMed1990

Effect on urogenital flora of antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection.

Specimens were examined from 70 female presenting with urinary tract infection. 50 patients were randomly treated with 7 days amoxicillin or bacampicillin and another 20 randomly received amoxicillin or enoxacin. Effective clearance of the infections was achieved with each antibiotic, and only minor side effects occurred. Bacteriological analyses of the urogenital flora demonstrated a relationship between urethral carriage and bladder infection, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. Antibiotic resistant E. coli were isolated more frequently from the bladder, urethra, introitus and rectum following amoxicillin treatment compared to bacampicillin and enoxacin. An examination of the urogenital flora post therapy showed that an indigenous lactobacillus population had not been restored in the majority of patients. Rather, uropathogenic bacteria were found to dominate the urethra and introitus. The effects of antibiotics on urogenital flora is clearly a matter of importance. Future clinical trials should address this. It may be that artificial supplementation of indigenous bacteria is necessary to restore the flora back to normality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of urogenital infections on sperm parameters and hypofertility in man.

Urogenital infections can notably reduce the sperm's capacity of fecundation by affecting the spermatozoa directly. The aim of this study was to compare the main parameters of the spermogram of 2 groups of hypofertile subjects, the first group presenting negative semen cultures, the second one positive semen cultures. The only significantly different parameter between these 2 groups of hypofertile patients studied was motility. This anomaly alone could explain some states of hypofertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Contraception.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Danazol binding to steroid receptors in human uterine endometrium.

To understand the mechanism of action of danazol, the binding of danazol to multiple classes of intracellular steroid binding proteins was studied in the human uterine endometrium. Danazol bound to endometrial receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and androgen and seemed to bind to endometrial intracellular corticosteroid-binding globulin and sex-hormone-binding globulin. Danazol occupies almost all binding sites of steroids in the steroid target cells in spite of the presence of endogenous steroids. It is speculated that the binding behavior of danazol may be related to its therapeutic effect on endometriosis.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

Effects of gossypol on the motility of mammalian sperm.

The effects of the male contraceptive gossypol on the motility of mammalian spermatozoa are reviewed. The role of sperm motility in the processes of fertilization and the effect of the drug on these processes determine its effectiveness as a contraceptive. The promising male contraceptive potential of gossypol is discussed in the context of the serious adverse effects of the agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Gonadal function of rats following pre- or postnatal administration of some hormones (author's transl)].

Some steroid hormones as well as clomiphene have been administered to new-born rats (postnatally) or to pregnant rats (prenatally) in order to study the effect on the future gonadal function of the animals born before or after the injection. A single postnatal androgen injection in oily solution influences only the female function; estrogen or the combination of androgen and estrogen are effective in both sexes preventing the ovulation or damaging the testicles. If the hormone is administered in water instead of oil, several injections are necessary in order to obtain an effect. Only the aqueous solution of clomiphene produces a positive effect even given in a single injection. When a single postnatal injection is effective the same result can be obtained after prenatal administration but only following intraamniotic injection. Clomiphene is an exception to this rule; intraamniotic injection has no effect. These observations permit the following conclusions: 1. It is possible to influence the hypothalamus-hypophysis function not only in the first days of life but already in the prenatal period. 2. As androgen damages only the ovary, estrogen however the gonads of both sexes, the mechanisme of action can not be the same. Androgen alters the function of the sexual centres in the brain only in the female rat, estrogen paralyses this function in both sexes. 3. Prenatal injection of hormone is only effective if administered intraamniotically (eliminating in this way the action of the placenta). This proves the important role of the placenta in the metabolisme of the hormones. 4. Other possible consequences of postnatal androgen administration as permanent obstruction of the vagina or hypertrophy of the clitoris can be obtained equally by prenatal intraamniotic injection. These phenomena can also occur independent of the avarian processes, being due to direct hormonal action. 5. Tubo-ovarian inflammation and abscesses are observed with relative frequency especially following estrogen or clomiphene-administration. The cause is unknown but we can assume that circulatory disorders in the genital area, produced by the hormone, are responsible for the frequency of these phenomena.

Androgens↗