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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A clinico-pathological study of primary carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract: urinary cytology and pathological study of cases reported in Japan, including our three cases, by mapping].

We herein report three cases of primary carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the upper urinary tract. The significance of urinary cytology and pathological study by means of mapping of isolated specimens was investigated in cases reported in Japan, including our cases. 1. The most common clinical symptom of CIS of the upper urinary tract was hematuria. Particularly, gross hematuria showed a high incidence. 2. In cases of CIS involving the ureter, hydronephrosis frequently resulted from ureteral stenosis and obstruction. 3. Urinary cytology was a useful diagnostic examination, in particular, the cytology of catheterized urine or washings increased the diagnostic accuracy. It appeared that for definite diagnosis, positive urinary cytology should be obtained repeatedly. 4. The mapping analysis of isolated specimens revealed that it was characterized that CIS was multiple and coexistent with dysplasia. 5. Total nephroureterectomy is the treatment of first choice. An investigation of the distribution of CIS and dysplasia by mapping and grading of CIS seemed to be useful for following up the postoperative course.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicenter, phase IV evaluation of intravenous ciprofloxacin as initial therapy in patients with lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin/skin structure infections.

A prospective, open-label, multicenter, Phase IV study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) ciprofloxacin (400 mg by 60-minute infusion every 12 hours) in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin/skin structure infections (SSSIs) in hospitalized patients was conducted in 1991. After a minimum of 3 days of IV therapy, patients could be switched to oral therapy with any antimicrobial. Of 360 patients who were valid for investigator assessment of clinical outcome at the end of IV therapy, a favorable outcome (cure and improvement in infection) was reported in 337 (94%) patients and failure was reported in 23 (6%) patients. Of 330 patients valid for investigation assessment of clinical outcome at the end of all therapy (IV treatment alone or IV treatment followed by an oral antimicrobial), a favorable outcome was noted in 311 (94%) patients, and failure occurred in 19 (6%) patients. Adverse events were noted in 72 (9%) of 782 patients and led to premature discontinuation of IV therapy in 23 (3%) patients. IV ciprofloxacin appears to be effective and safe in the management of mild-to-moderate LRTI and SSSI and mild, moderate, or severe UTI in hospitalized patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the in vitro activity of and pathogen responses to sparfloxacin with those of other agents in the treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and skin-structure infections.

The in vitro activity of and pathogen responses to sparfloxacin were compared with those of standard therapies for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, complicated skin or skin-structure infections, urinary tract infections, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute maxillary sinusitis in 7 multicenter controlled trials in North America. Sparfloxacin was administered orally as a 400-mg loading dose followed by 200 mg once daily for up to 10 days. The bacteriologic efficacy of sparfloxacin (84% to 95%) was comparable to that of comparator drugs (77% to 100%). Sparfloxacin was generally 2 to 8 times more active (minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of strains tested [MIC90]: 0.03 to 0.5 microg/mL) than comparators against common pathogens isolated in community-acquired infections, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus influenzae; Streptococcus pyogenes; and Staphylococcus aureus. Sparfloxacin was also effective against Chlamydia and Mycoplasma species. The emergence of resistance was uncommon during sparfloxacin therapy (0.3% of 1100 cases). Higher area under the plasma concentration-time curve/MIC and maximum plasma concentration/MIC ratios for sparfloxacin were associated with clinical and bacteriologic efficacy, whereas lower ratios were associated with clinical and bacteriologic failure. The clinical efficacy of sparfloxacin (80% to 95%) was comparable to that obtained with the comparator drugs (71% to 92%). In addition, sparfloxacin was well tolerated and had an overall frequency of related adverse events similar to that of the comparators. There was a higher frequency of photosensitivity reactions but a lower level of digestive adverse events with sparfloxacin compared with comparators. Sparfloxacin is a suitable therapeutic alternative for the empiric treatment of respiratory tract infections owing to its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and activity against typical and atypical respiratory tract pathogens, even in geographic areas with a high incidence of penicillin resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

The frequency of disorders of the lower urinary tract, urinary incontinence in particular, as evaluated by a questionnaire survey in a gynecological health control population.

Four thousand four hundred women were examined under the gynecological health control program in Malmö municipality during a period of 11 months. Nine hundred and forty-four (21 per cent) reported that they were troubled by disorders of the urinary tract. These women were given copies of a separate questionnaire, which was subsequently properly answered by 512 women. Of these, 321 (62.7 per cent) indicated urinary incontinence. From the questionnaire alone, it was difficult to characterize the different types of urinary incontinence in the patients. Thus only 42 women (8.2 per cent) seemed to suffer from genuine stress incontinence and 34 women (6.6 per cent) from genuine urge incontinence, whereas 245 (47.9 per cent) had to be characterized as "mixed incontinence". Hence, it is obvious that in several patients suffering from urinary incontinence, written or combined written and oral interviews to not produce a clear-cut diagnosis and that the etiology and treatment of incontinence in these patients may be uncertain. It is concluded that interviews with most patients suffering from urinary incontinence must be supplemented by objective recordings before a definitive diagnosis and treatment can be prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

In vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against 873 clinical isolates from respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical infections during 1997-1998 in Japan.

The in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was determined for 873 isolates from various infections during 1997-1998 in Japan. Gatifloxacin was active against streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, with MIC(90)s of </=0.39 mg/L. The activity was two- to 32-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria, and comparable to that against Gram-negative bacteria. Gatifloxacin was more active than the other quinolones against quinolone-resistant staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae. It also had good activity against penicillin- or macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Viable but nonculturable uropathogenic bacteria are present in the mouse urinary tract following urinary tract infection and antibiotic therapy.

Involvement of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) condition in recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) was investigated. VBNC bacteria are those which are alive but do not give rise to visible growth under nonselective growth conditions. Urine, bladder, and kidney samples collected over a 2-month period from BALB/c mice inoculated with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain J96 were examined to determine the level of culturable and viable bacteria. Urine from uninoculated mice was found to contain more viable than culturable bacteria. Inoculated mice had a transient increase in the level of culturable forms of the uropathogen in their urine, followed by a decrease to background levels; they also had multiple log higher levels of viable cells than culturable cells. The culturable pathogenic bacteria in mice that were inoculated and received antibiotic treatment dropped to undetectable levels within 1 week. At 2 out of 12 subsequent time points spanning an additional 65 days, culturable forms of the inoculated pathogenic bacteria were recovered. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed that DNA from the inoculated bacteria was present in a sample that yielded no culturable bacteria. These data indicate that the inoculated uropathogenic E. coli was not eliminated by antibiotic therapy, and suggest that these bacteria may escape detection by current standard culturability assays because they are VBNC.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Global gene expression profiling of the asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 in the human urinary tract.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an important health problem worldwide, with many million cases each year. Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing UTIs in humans. The asymptomatic bacteriuria E. coli strain 83972 is an excellent colonizer of the human urinary tract, where it causes long-term bladder colonization. The strain has been used for prophylactic purposes in patients prone to more severe and recurrent UTIs. For this study, we used DNA microarrays to monitor the expression profile of strain 83972 in the human urinary tract. Significant differences in expression levels were seen between the in vivo expression profiles of strain 83972 in three patients and the corresponding in vitro expression profiles in lab medium and human urine. The data revealed an in vivo lifestyle of microaerobic growth with respiration of nitrate coupled to degradation of sugar acids and amino acids, with no signs of attachment to host tissues. Interestingly, genes involved in NO protection and metabolism showed significant up-regulation in the patients. This is one of the first studies to address bacterial whole-genome expression in humans and the first study to investigate global gene expression of an E. coli strain in the human urinary tract.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Amikacin concentration in the severely obstructed urinary tract].

Urinary amikacin concentration was determined in 9 patients with severely unilateral ureteral obstruction. Serum levels were within the normal range. The average concentration of amikacin in the urine from obstructed urinary tract was 118.9 mcg/ml 6 hours after 100 mg amikacin iv infusion. Urine concentration from the normal kidney was 155.9 mcg/ml at the first 2 hours after intravenous infusion, 98.8 at the second 2 hours 83.3 at the third 2 hours. Urinary amikacin excretion from severely obstructed urinary tract was about one third of the total excretion from a normal system. In summary, the urinary level in severely obstructed urinary tract after iv infusion of 100 mg amikacin may be enough prophylactically. But at the onset of infection in severely obstructed urinary tract, the administration of at least 200 mg amikacin intravenously is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Escherichia coli, fimbriae, bacterial persistence and host response induction in the human urinary tract.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Symptomatic UTIs may be acute, recurrent or chronic but the most frequent form of UTI is asymptomatic bacteruria (ABU). In ABU, the mucosa remains inert, despite the presence of large bacterial numbers in urine. The difference in disease severity reflects the virulence of the infecting strain and the propensity of the host to respond to infection. It is essential to understand the molecular basis of disease diversity and the molecular interactions between bacteria and host that determine asymptomatic carriage and the transition to disease. We discuss the initial interactions between bacteria and the mucosal surfaces in the human urinary tract, and the bacterial factors involved in the breach of mucosal inertia. Specifically, the contribution of P and type 1 fimbriae to bacterial establishment and host response induction are investigated. The results show that P fimbriae serve as independent virulence factors when expressed by an ABU strain, by promoting the establishment of bacteriuria and the innate host response, which is the cause of symptoms and tissue damage. P fimbriae thus fulfil the molecular Koch postulates as independent virulence factors in the human urinary tract. Type 1 fimbriae, in contrast, did not act as virulence factors in this model, and thus appear to serve a different function in man than in the murine model.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Nosocomial infection of the urinary tract.

Urinary tract infections appear to be responsible for 35 percent of all hospital-acquired infections, occurring in approximately two patients per 100 admissions. The great majority of infections are associated with urinary tract instrumentation. Female sex, advanced age and debilitating underlying illness appear to be associated with an increased risk of infection, but other risk factors have been poorly defined and case-control studies assessing excess morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial bacteriuria have not been made. In most instances, the hospitalized patients are the reservoirs for the etiologic organisms, but cross-infection from other infected patients also occurs. Current preventive efforts have been primarily directed at aseptic catheter care techniques and reducing catheter use. Further developments in our prevention and control of these infections require an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for colonization of the urethra and bladder with gram-negative organisms and ways to discriminate patients at special risk.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

Urinary tract symptoms and urinary tract infection following sexual abuse.

During a routine follow-up visit, 428 victims of sexual abuse and their caretakers were asked about genitourinary complaints. Symptoms elicited included vaginal pain, increased urinary frequency, dysuria, and enuresis. A urinalysis was performed for all victims with symptoms, and those with positive or equivocal urinalysis results had a urine culture done. Urinalysis and urine culture were performed on a control group of 53 consecutive asymptomatic victims. Twenty percent (85/428) of the victims complained of one or more genitourinary symptoms. The most common symptom was vaginal pain (51%). Of the symptomatic victims, only 2 had a urinary tract infection. None of the 53 asymptomatic control victims had a urinary tract infection. There was no significant relationship between the presence of genitourinary symptoms and repetitive abuse, genital trauma, vaginal contact, or gender of the victim. However, patients younger than 6 years of age were more likely to have genitourinary symptoms than older patients. These findings indicate that urinary tract symptoms following sexual abuse are common but that urinary tract infection is quite uncommon. Our study does not support routine screening of children for urinary tract infection solely because they have been sexually abused.

Adolescent↗