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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Bowel dysfunction in young women with urinary retention.

Urinary retention in young women is rare, but a syndrome has recently been described in which urinary retention is associated with abnormal periurethral electromyography. The incidence of bowel dysfunction in these women was investigated, in an attempt to determine whether this might be a more widespread disorder. Of 12 patients with this urological abnormality, eight were constipated. No consistent anorectal abnormality was identified on anorectal physiological testing. The electromyographic abnormality was not seen in the external anal sphincter. One patient had an abnormality of the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle, while another had a generalised disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder resembling a visceral myopathy. Bowel symptoms are common in this group of women with urinary retention, but abnormalities of bowel function are not specific. A common mechanism for bladder and bowel symptoms remains a possibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prolonged postpartum urinary retention.

Urinary retention after vaginal delivery is a relatively common problem, usually resolved by the temporary use of an indwelling catheter. Presented are two patients with persistent bladder atony after vaginal delivery, despite the use of an indwelling catheter for 10 days. Both patients had low forceps deliveries without severe perineal trauma. Both were treated by self-intermittent catheterization, with resolution of urinary retention at 24 and 37 days postpartum, respectively. These patients were able to learn this technique with minimal instruction. Advantages of intermittent catheterization over prolonged use of an indwelling catheter include greater patient acceptance and possible reduction in the incidence of urinary tract infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute urinary retention.

Urinary retention is most commonly caused by obstruction in men and neuromuscular dysfunction in women. A careful history, physical examination, and urethral catheterization will lead to the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. For nonobstructive causes, a careful survey of the patient's other illnesses and medications will often lead to diagnosis. Successful treatment of nonobstructing causes can be effectively managed by the primary care physician.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of psychogenic urinary retention.

Urinary retention may develop in the absence of significant organic disease. Patients with psychogenic retention range from those with episodic acute retention to those who have learned to inhibit urination and have retention with a large residual urine volume owing to myotonic detrusor degeneration. A combination of thorough medical, neurologic, psychiatric and urologic evaluation is indicated for all such patients. Management consists of the implementation of bladder training with or without intermittent catheterization, which generally may be accomplished on an outpatient basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postpartum urinary retention.

BACKGROUND: Urinary retention is a common and frustrating complication in women during the immediate postpartum period. Physiologic changes in the bladder that occur during pregnancy predispose patients to develop symptomatic retention of urine during the first hours to days after delivery. METHODS: The incidence and characteristics of postpartum urinary retention were researched through a literature review and are illustrated by a case report. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum urinary retention has a reported incidence ranging from 1.7 to 17.9 percent. Factors associated with postpartum urinary retention include (1) first vaginal delivery, (2) epidural anesthesia, and (3) Cesarean section. Treatment begins with supportive measures to enhance the likelihood of micturition, such as ambulation, privacy, and a warm bath. If these measures are not successful, catheterization can be performed. If the bladder contains more than 700 mL of urine, prophylactic antibiotics may be warranted, because prolonged or repeated catheterization may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is a common emergency genitourinary symptom. The etiology of acute retention includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes. The emergency management of acute urinary retention is bladder decompression, which is usually accomplished with a Foley catheter.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual presentation of urinary retention.

Patients with urinary retention frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation and treatment. Urinary retention is seen most often in males secondary to mechanical causes. However, other etiologies must be considered. We present an unusual case of a 35-year-old male who developed postcoital urinary retention secondary to urogenital diaphragm spasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Urinary retention secondary to surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence].

A retrospective, descriptive study at the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), was carried out. 401 records of patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent surgical treatment, were reviewed. The objective of this study was to know the urinary retention rate. Urinary retention was present in 103 of 401 patients (25.68%). In modified Pereyra's procedure it was present in 67 of 195 (34.35%); in modified Burch's procedure, in 25 of 131 (19.08%); in Kelly's procedure in 9 of 70 (12.85%) and in 2 of 5 patients with sling procedure with polytetrafluoroethylene (Goretex). The problem of urinary retention was observed more frequently in vaginal surgery (modified Pereyra procedure and/or sling procedure).

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1978

[High-grade Urinary retention in the upper urinary tract due to ovarian cysts].

The obstructive uropathy of the upper urinary tract the reason of which is to be searched e.g. in congenital malformation, concrements hindering the passage, strictures and tumors of the urinary tract itself as well as in growing and displacing processes of the adjoining organs have often been observed and described. More seldom this is suitable for benign expansive processes of the ovary. Especially smaller growing and displacing benign processes in the ovary area may result in considerable difficulties concerning differential diagnosis. It is reported on a case of chronic urinary retention with cystic changes of the ovary.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Does alpha sympathetic blockade prevent urinary retention following anorectal surgery?

Urinary retention is the most common complication after anorectal surgery, with rates as high as 52 percent reported. With the trend toward early discharge, avoidance of this complication is particularly important. Perioperative fluid restriction and the use of short-acting anesthetics have been shown to be effective in decreasing postoperative urinary retention rates but are not applicable in all cases. Reflex sympathetic stimulation, possibly as a result of perianal pain, may lead to increased muscular tone of the internal sphincter at the bladder neck. This theory had led to the effective use of alpha-adrenergic blockade in the treatment of established cases of urinary retention after anorectal surgery, herniorrhaphy, and major pelvic surgery. However, the prophylactic role of alpha blockade after anorectal surgery has not been studied. In a double-blind, prospective, randomized study, 51 patients were treated with either prazosin and alpha-adrenergic blocker or placebo prior to and immediately after elective anorectal surgery. Urinary retention rates were similar in the two groups. At this time, prophylactic alpha-adrenergic blockade is not recommended for the prevention of urinary retention after anorectal surgery.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1995

Distal ureteral stone in a duplicated system causing urinary retention.

Ureteral calculi and urinary retention are common problems encountered by the urologist. However, they rarely occur concomitantly. Herein, we describe a case of a 40-year-old female patient who developed urinary retention as a result of ureteral stone disease. Specifically, an ectopic upper pole ureter in a completely duplicated system contained a 2 x 6-cm ureteral stone, which emanated from the orifice, filling the urethra. The stone caused voiding difficulties to the extent that the patient had to manipulate the stone manually in order to void. The stone eventually resulted in urinary retention. Management was accomplished by cystoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy of the stone. Chemical analysis revealed calcium phosphate and struvite as the principal components of the stone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Post-herniorrhaphy urinary retention: a randomized prospective study.

Urinary retention is a known complication of inguinal herniorrhaphy. Bladder distension due to vigorous fluid administration is believed to contribute to this problem. Our hypothesis is that fluid restriction will lower the incidence of urinary retention, post-herniorrhaphy. From January 1989 through March 1991, 113 male patients entered the study. Sixty patients (Group I) received unlimited iv fluids (1294 +/- 58 ml) and 9 patients (15%) developed urinary retention. Fifty-three patients (Group II) received 500 ml or less by protocol (485 +/- 2 ml) and 5 of these patients developed retention (9%). Thus, fluid restriction lowered the incidence of urinary retention post-herniorrhaphy but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition age over 60 years approached significance as a risk factor for postoperative urinary retention.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A placebo controlled double blind study using perioperative prazosin in the prevention of urinary retention following inguinal hernia repair.

Acute urinary retention is a frequent complication following inguinal hernia repair. The smooth muscle of the bladder neck and the prostate have been demonstrated to be rich in alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been postulated that the aetiology of acute urinary retention postoperatively is at least partially due to adrenergic stimulation; blocking these receptors may reduce the incidence of acute urinary retention. We have used prazosin in a double blind, placebo controlled study to establish its efficacy in the prevention of acute urinary retention in patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair. A total of 70 male patients were enrolled; 36 patients had been allocated active drug and 34 patients had been allocated placebo. Only two patients developed acute urinary retention. Both patients had been allocated prazosin and had received a general anaesthetic for their hernia surgery. In either arm of the study, a higher number of patients developing urinary retention would have been expected but this may be explained by the greater vigilance on urinary output by nursing staff aware that the trial was being conducted. On the basis of our findings, we do not recommend the routine use of perioperative prazosin with inguinal hernia repair. Further studies in high risk groups would be necessary to assess more fully the efficacy of prazosin in this situation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Total hip arthroplasty. An investigation of factors related to postoperative urinary retention.

The predisposing factors to urinary retention in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were investigated by a review of the charts of 272 patients. Age, sex, surgeon, choice and duration of anesthesia, volume of fluid replacement, and use of postoperative intramuscular narcotics did not correlate significantly with urinary retention. However, urinary retention increased from 24% to 62% with the use of epidural morphine for postoperative pain management.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Urinary retention in hospitalized elderly women.

Unrecognized urinary retention may be a factor in the development of recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction, and upper urinary tract disease. Because urinary retention is often asymptomatic in elderly women, with amounts of up to 1,500 mL retained in the bladder often causing little or no discomfort, nurses need to have a high index of suspicion about its occurrence. A post-void residual is the best way of determining the presence of urinary retention. The goal of treatment for urinary retention is bladder decompression via catheterization followed by voiding trials and determination of residual volumes.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Appendiceal abscess--an unusual cause of acute urinary retention: a case report.

Acute urinary retention can result as a complication of gastrointestinal diseases such as diverticulitis and granulomatous enterocolitis. Appendiceal abscess has been reported as a rare cause of acute urinary retention in children but not in adults. A young adult male who had appendiceal abscess and presented in acute urinary retention forms the subject of this report.

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of anesthesia on postoperative micturition and urinary retention].

Postoperative micturition difficulties, considered as minor complications, have a high incidence. Acute urinary retention can follow all types of anaesthetics or operations. Surgical trauma to the pelvic nerves or to the bladder, postoperative oedema around the bladder neck, and pain-induced reflex spasm of the external and internal urethral sphincters may play a role in the development of urinary retention. Acute urinary retention is the most common complication of surgery for benign anorectal disease. The incidence of urinary retention is more likely to occur in old male patients. Preoperative urinary symptoms are not a prerequisite for developing postoperative urinary retention, although they are considered to be a risk factor. The type of anaesthetic, postoperative pain and its management may have little effect on the occurrence of postoperative urinary dysfunction. Studies on the urodynamic effects of various anaesthetic agents are rare. The parasympatholytic drugs increase bladder capacity, decrease the rate of bladder contractions and cause downward trends in urethral resistance. The barbiturates and halothane produce similar effects on urethral resistance. The anaesthetic agents decrease the intrabladder pressure and inhibit the micturition reflex. Halothane decreases bladder contractions and increases its capacity measured by the cystometrogram. Urinary retention is a side effect of opioids, particularly after intrathecal or epidural administration. Epidural morphine relaxes the detrusor muscle with a corresponding increase in the maximal bladder capacity. Spinal opioids influence the function of the lower urinary tract, by direct spinal action on the sacral nociceptive neurons and autonomic fibres, as well as by an effect on supraspinal centres. Naloxone increases detrusor pressure, decreases bladder capacity, and causes a need to void. Urinary retention is less common after a short-acting (lidocaine 5%) than after a long-acting agent (bupivacaine 0.5%). After spinal anaesthesia, detrusor strength and the ability to void restarts with the return of sacral sensation to pinprick. A single episode of bladder overdistention can result in significant morbidity. Overfilling of the bladder can stretch and damage the detrusor muscle, leading to atony of the bladder wall, so that recovery of micturition may not occur when the bladder is emptied. On the other hand, the excessive use of an indwelling catheter can lead to urinary tract infection, urethral stricture and prolonged hospital stay. Short-term prophylactic catheterisation is recommended in patients with obstructive symptoms. Patients at risk for urinary retention should be stimulated to void and provided a quiet environment in which to do so. They should be encouraged to seat, stand or ambulate as early as possible. The alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blocking agents have been used for treatment of organic or functional urinary retention. It is essential to make sure the bladder empties regularly in the postoperative period, especially in day-case surgery or in patients receiving opioid analgesia or after epidural anaesthesia.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic psychogenic urinary retention].

Complete and persistent urinary retention of psychogenic origin, a syndrome standing between conversion reactions and the group of psychophysiological visceral disorders, remained an object of contradictory dispute in regard to its frequency and pathogenesis. Curiously enough, compared with other functional symptomatology, somehow this disturbance has been neglected in literature until now. Urologists, surgeons, and internists have more difficulties than psychiatrists to find out that distinct emotional conflicts and especially unsatisfactory sexual adjustment might have contributed to the development of recurrent or chronic urinary retention which they vainly tried to explain by organic findings. Of course the fact that extensive medical evaluations or even surgical procedures revealed no abnormality except the stout urinary bladder never is suifficient to qualify for "hysterical disease". Every diagnosis has to be established on positive grounds. Hypothetic explanations of mysterious syndromes by supposing more "microscopic" and thus undetected morphological deficiencies and changes as the crucial cause of a disease never should become the protective trick by which a physician avoids confrontation with his patients' psychological problems.

Adult↗