Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Urethral Obstruction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Congenital urethral obstruction: Cobb's collar or prolapsed congenital obstructive posterior urethral membrane (COPUM).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are two distinct types of congenital obstruction of the proximal urethra. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three boys with a congenital bulbar urethral narrowing (Cobb's collar) were examined. Recent papers on congenital obstructive posterior urethral membrane (COPUM) were reviewed. RESULTS: The more proximal lesion is a membranous obstruction which is able to prolapse as far as the bulbar urethra, but has paramedian folds that attach along the posterior wall of the urethra to the verumontanum, and is due to persistence of an embryological attachment between the distal verumontanum and the anterior wall of the posterior urethra. The more distal narrowing is not always obstructive and is primarily a bulbar urethral membrane, is independent of the verumontanum and external sphincter, and may represent a persistence of part of the urogenital membrane. CONCLUSIONS: There are two distinct types of congenital obstruction of the proximal urethra, with the association to the verumontanum being the distinguishing feature.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaginourethroplasty for treatment of urethral obstruction in the bitch.

Vaginourethroplasty was performed in six bitches with infiltrative, obstructive urethral disease. The initial clinical signs included dysuria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and stranguria. Diagnosis was based on the clinical signs, plain radiography and contrast vagino-urethrogram examination, and urethral biopsy. Five dogs were diagnosed as having urethral neoplasia; the sixth dog had granulomatous urethritis. In all six dogs, up to 50% of the urethra and the urethral tubercle were resected to ensure adequate surgical margins. One dog was euthanatized 4 months after surgery for recurrence of a transitional cell carcinoma at the surgical site. Long-term resolution of the problem (minimum of 12 months) was achieved in the other five dogs. The frequency of serious complications, including urinary incontinence and ascending lower urinary tract infections, was low.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The efficacy of urethrolysis without re-suspension for iatrogenic urethral obstruction.

PURPOSE: Urethral obstruction following surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence is not uncommon and urethrolysis is typically used to relieve symptoms. Whether one should resuspend the bladder neck concurrent with urethrolysis is controversial. We evaluate the efficacy of urethrolysis without re-suspension for the treatment of iatrogenic urethral obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1994 to January 1998, 31 women 29 to 78 years old (mean age 60) underwent transvaginal urethrolysis without concomitant re-suspension. The incident procedure was transvaginal urethropexy in 15 patients (48%), retropubic urethropexy in 5 (16%) and pubovaginal sling in 11 (36%). The most common presenting complaints were urinary retention, feeling of incomplete emptying or straining to void in 22 patients (71%) and irritative voiding symptoms in 17 (55%). Mean time from index procedure to urethrolysis was 14 months (range 2 to 36) and mean followup was 7 (range 1 to 27). RESULTS: After urethrolysis 26 of 31 patients (84%) voided well or had significant improvement in symptoms. Of the 26 improved patients 6 had stress incontinence. Of these 6 patients 4 responded to periurethral collagen injection and are now dry. When individual variables were analyzed, none was found to be predictive of a successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal urethrolysis without concomitant re-suspension is an effective treatment for iatrogenic urethral obstruction. While 19% of patients may have recurrent incontinence, the majority can be treated with outpatient collagen injections. Overall 77% of patients voided well without incontinence, 7% voided well but with some incontinence and 16% remained obstructed after urethrolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Obstructive urethral disease in neonates].

In the past eight years, we observed 23 cases of neonatal urethral obstruction: 15 posterior urethral valves, one urethral polyp, two urethral diverticula, one penile urethra hypoplasia, two syringoceles, one scafoid urethra, one urethral agenesis in Prune Belly syndrome. In most cases a prenatal diagnosis of uropathy had been made by ultrasonography that allowed a faster diagnosis and possibly a long-term better prognosis in those patients in which early treatment reduced postnatal damage. In all patients endoscopic resection was performed under direct view. In 14 of them endoscopic treatment solved the problem, while further surgery on the upper urinary tract was needed in the others. We had no stenotic nor other-short and medium-term complications. The incidence of renal dysplasia is high with posterior urethral valves, while upper urinary tract damages are sensibly less frequent with more distal obstructions.

Diverticulum↗
PubMed1994

Definition of prostatic urethral obstruction.

Prostatic urethral obstruction as defined by urodynamic criteria is only present in about 70% of patients undergoing surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Infravesical obstruction can only be diagnosed by simultaneous recording of detrusor pressure (intravesical pressure minus abdominal pressure) and urinary flow rate. The interpretation of these recordings should be based upon the pressure-flow relationship. The possible clinical implications of the objective diagnosis of prostatic urethral obstruction in BPH are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Morphological plasticity in efferent pathways to the urinary bladder of the rat following urethral obstruction.

Partial urethral ligation in female Wistar rats produces changes in the neural control of the lower urinary tract including bladder hyperactivity and facilitation of a spinal micturition reflex pathway. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying these changes, axonal tracing studies were conducted to examine the postganglionic efferent limb of the micturition reflex pathway which originates in the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). Forty microliters of the tracer Fluoro-Gold (4%) were injected into the right side of the bladder in urethral-obstructed (n = 10) and control (n = 4) rats 6 weeks after urethral ligation or sham surgery. As a control Fast blue (40 microliters, 5%) was injected into the colon to label neurons in the MPG innervating the intestine. Obstructed rats exhibited a 6-fold increase (p less than 0.001) in bladder weight (0.848 gm) compared to controls (0.148 gm). A significant increase (p less than 0.001) in the size of labeled bladder postganglionic neurons in the MPG was noted in obstructed rats (576.4 microns 2, n = 4) as compared to controls (299.6 microns 2). However, labeled, colon postganglionic neurons in the MPG in obstructed (312.9 microns 2) rats were not enlarged compared to controls (359.4 microns 2). Neuronal hypertrophy was not associated with a change in the number of labeled MPG neurons in control and obstructed groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of trends in frequency of urethrostomy for treatment of urethral obstruction in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine hospital proportional morbidity rates (HPMR) for urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, and urethrostomies in cats in veterinary teaching hospitals (VTH) in Canada and the United States between 1980 and 1999. DESIGN: Epidemiologic study. ANIMALS: 305,672 cats evaluated at VTH. PROCEDURES: Yearly HPMR were determined for cats with urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, or urethrostomies from data compiled by the Purdue Veterinary Medical Database. The test for a linear trend in proportions was used. RESULTS: Urethral obstructions were reported in 4,683 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral obstructions declined from 19 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 7 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. Urethral plugs or urethroliths affected 1,460 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral plugs or urethroliths decreased from 10 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 2 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. A total of 2,359 urethrostomies were performed. Yearly HPMR for urethrostomies decreased from 13 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 4 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Frequency of feline urethrostomies performed at VTH in Canada and the United States declined during the past 20 years and paralleled a similar decline in frequency of urethral obstructions and urethral plugs or urethroliths. These trends coincide with widespread use of diets to minimize struvite crystalluria in cats, which is important because struvite has consistently been the predominant mineral in feline urethral plugs during this period.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Urethral obstruction and prostatitis.

Urethral destruction is only occasionally the reason for prostatitis and Cowperitis and prostatitis is only demonstrated occasionally to complicate urethral stricture. It is a dependence of prostatitis and spastic urethral obstruction in the neuropathic bladder.

Bulbourethral Glands↗
PubMed2001

Anterior urethral valves--a rare cause of urethral obstruction.

Anterior urethral valves is a very rare congenital anomaly of the anterior urethra. It produces symptoms of varied intensity with the most severe ones leading to Urosepsis and renal failure (similar to as in posterior urethral valves) to the milder ones which may not produce any obstruction at all. However unlike the Posterior urethral valves this anomaly has milder and reversible sequelae in majority of the cases. The clinical presentation is mainly in the form of obstructed stream of urine and UTI and the diagnosis depends essentially on Micturating Cystographic studies and on the awareness and a high level of suspicion of its existence among Paediatricians and General Practitioners.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Characterization and treatment of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances of induced urethral obstruction in the cat.

Urethral obstruction induced in adult male cats caused clinical signs identical with those observed in naturally occurring disease. Central nervous system depression, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, muscle weakness, and hypothermia occurred. Weight loss (due to water loss and catabolism), metabolic acidosis, mild hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, azotemia, and hyperproteinemia were also observed. Serum amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were normal. Ten of 13 cats (group 1), with 72 hours' induced obstruction but not treated with parenteral fluids, died either before the obstruction was relieved or within 8 days afterward. Eight cats (group 2) with induced obstruction for 49 to 98 hours developed severe clinical and biochemical alterations. Treatment with a multiple-electrolyte solution, in addition to relief of urethral obstruction, resulted in favorable clinical and biochemical responses. These cats survived and were clinically healthy at 9 to 10 days after relief of obstruction. It was concluded that use of a multiple-electrolyte solution to correct acidosis, restore circulatory volume, and enhance renal excretion of potassium was effective supportive therapy after urethral obstruction was removed.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1992

Penile compression--a sign of urethral obstruction.

Three boys with urethral obstruction are described. To facilitate voiding, each boy compressed the shaft of his penis prior to initiating the urinary stream, a sign previously unreported in association with urethral obstruction.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Acute urethral obstruction due to condylomata acuminata.

Urethral obstruction is a rare disease in women, and even more uncommon is the occurrence of acute urethral obstruction due to condylomata. This case report describes the course of one such case, unique for its progressive clinical evolution, the primary involvement of the lower urinary tract in the absence of either an obvious primary site or a history of sexual intercourse for more than 15 years, and its successful treatment with cryotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Transvaginal urethrolysis for urethral obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery.

PURPOSE: Urethral obstruction following a stress incontinence procedure occurs in 5 to 20% of patients. We examine the success of transvaginal urethrolysis in resolving voiding dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 39 patients who had undergone transvaginal urethrolysis for urethral obstruction following an anti-incontinence procedure. Preoperatively, a history was taken, and pelvic examination and either video urodynamics or cystoscopy were done. RESULTS: All 39 patients complained of urge incontinence, 13% had urinary retention, 51% had incomplete bladder emptying and 36% voided to completion but had irritative voiding symptoms. Previous surgery included retropubic urethropexy in 41% of the cases, pubovaginal sling in 38% and bladder neck suspension in 21%. Mean length of followup after urethrolysis was 16 months. Of the 39 patients 33 (85%) had resolution of urge incontinence but 5 still required occasional intermittent catheterization. The remaining 6 patients had continued urge incontinence. An augmentation procedure was performed in 4 patients with improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support transvaginal urethrolysis for the treatment of iatrogenic urethral obstruction. It is a rapid, effective and minimally invasive technique that should be considered if voiding dysfunction does not resolve spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of experimentally induced urethral obstruction and surgical decompression in utero on renal development and function in rabbits.

To investigate the effect of urethral obstruction during late fetal life on renal development and function, we developed a rabbit fetal model of obstructive nephropathy to examine the pathological and biochemical consequences of urethral obstruction and beneficial effects of early surgical decompression. Animals were divided into four groups, i.e., obstructed, early decompressed, late decompressed, and control. Fetal renal development was evaluated by histological examination and counting the number of glomeruli in the four groups. The number of renal glomeruli correlated with gestational age in the normal fetus (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001). Urethral ligation on gestational day 25 (full-term, 31 days) resulted in thinning of the renal cortex and significantly decreased the number of renal glomeruli. The concentration of urinary microalbumin was higher when urethral obstruction was maintained for 3 days than 1 day after urethral obstruction, although urinary beta2- microglobulin, Na, Cl, and osmotic pressure did not change during this period. Decompression of urethral obstruction 1 day after induction of urethral obstruction resulted in improvement in the severity glomerular hypoplasia compared with late decompression (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that the rabbit fetal model simulates fetal urethral obstruction in humans, and indicates that early surgical decompression may be effective in restoration of normal renal function.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1969

Urethral obstruction in male cats: transmission studies.

Urethral obstruction was produced by injecting centrifuged urine from cats with urethral obstruction into the urinary bladders of unaffected cats. Filtration of urine from affected cats did not remove the causative factor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive factors of fetal urethral obstruction: a multivariate analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of fetal urethral obstruction. METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight children with fetal hydronephrosis were admitted, submitted to a systematic protocol and prospectively followed. Possible predictive factors of urethral obstruction associated with fetal echography and clinical findings on admission were studied. The analysis was conducted in two steps. In a univariate analysis, variables associated with urethral obstruction were identified by the chi(2) test or by Fisher's exact test. Then, the variables that were significantly associated with urethral obstruction were included in a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After final adjustment by multiple logistic regression analysis, only two variables were identified as independent predictors of fetal urethral obstruction: oligohydramnios (odds ratio, OR = 5, 95% confidence interval, CI, = 1.3-15, p = 0.01) and megacystis (OR = 9, 95% CI = 2.0-40, p = 0.004). The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of both variables were 60 and 98.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of oligohydramnios and megacystis on prenatal ultrasound is highly predictive of fetal urethral obstruction.

Female↗