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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma parvum (Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 2) from patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes and normal pregnant women.

A recent phylogenetic analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum resulted in the proposal to divide their 2 biovars into species. We used PCR to compare the distribution of species and the presence of the tet(M) and int-Tn resistance determinants in 63 strains of Ureaplasma spp. isolated from the amniotic fluid of patients with an adverse pregnancy outcome and in 22 strains obtained from the lower genital tract of healthy pregnant women. We also determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of the organisms to erythromycin and tetracycline. U. parvum was the most frequent Ureaplasma species detected in our study. Thus, 50/63 (79.4%) invasive isolates and 17/22 (77.3%) lower genital tract isolates corresponded to U. parvum, whereas 12/63 (19%) invasive isolates and 4/22 (18.2%) non-invasive strains corresponded to U. urealyticum. A mixture of species was found in 2 women. We found no significant differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates according to species or origin of isolation. Sixty-two strains of Ureaplasma spp. (74.7%) were susceptible to erythromycin, and 21 strains (25.3%) were intermediately susceptible. Sixty-eight isolates (81.9%) were susceptible to tetracycline, 2 strains (2.4%) were intermediate and 13 strains (15.7%) were resistant. DNA sequences related to the tet(M) determinant and the int-Tn gene were found in all tetracycline-resistant isolates.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

Ureaplasma felinum sp. nov. and Ureaplasma cati sp. nov. isolated from the oral cavities of cats.

Seven ureaplasma strains isolated from the oral cavities of domestic cats (Felis domestica) were characterized and compared with the type strains of the three previously established species of this genus, Ureaplasma urealyticum (humans), Ureaplasma diversum (cattle), and Ureaplasma gallorale (chickens). The feline strains hydrolyzed urea but not arginine or glucose, were membrane bound, lacked cell walls, passed through 0.45-micron membrane filters, required cholesterol for growth, and formed minute (15- to 140-microns) colonies on agar medium. The seven feline strains fell into two distinct groups based on (i) their antigenic properties (determined by using the metabolism and growth inhibition and indirect immunoperoxidase procedures), (ii) their genomic properties (determined by using DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA cleavage pattern procedures), and (iii) their polypeptide profiles (determined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses). Based on these properties, the two feline groups were unrelated to each other or to the three previously established species, and each group represents a distinct Ureaplasma species. Thus, we propose that ureaplasmas with these phylogenetic and genomic properties be given taxonomic status as Ureaplasma felinum and Ureaplasma cati, with strain FT2-B (= ATCC 49229 = NCTC 11709) and strain F2 (= ATCC 49228 = NCTC 11710) as the type strains, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are detected in semen after washing before assisted reproductive technology procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of ureaplasmas in semen and washed semen and to explore their effect on semen andrology variables. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: In vitro fertilization (IVF) unit of a private hospital. PATIENT(S): Three hundred forty-three men participating in an assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The prevalence of ureaplasmas in semen and washed semen tested by culture, polymerase chain reaction assays, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays. RESULT(S): Ureaplasmas were detected in 73 of 343 (22%) semen samples and 29 of 343 (8.5%) washed semen samples. Ureaplasmas adherent to the surface of spermatozoa were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing. Ureplasma parvum serovar 6 (36.6%) and U. urealyticum (30%) were the most prevalent isolates in washed semen. A comparison of the semen andrology variables of washed semen ureaplasma positive and negative groups demonstrated a lower proportion of nonmotile sperm in men ureaplasma positive for washed semen. CONCLUSION(S): Ureaplasmas are not always removed from semen by a standard ART washing procedure and can remain adherent to the surface of spermatozoa.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of a multiple PCR method for the identification of Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum].

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, also known as biovar parvum and biovar T960, respectively, could be associated with several disorders in men, women, and mainly, in newborn children with under weight. Several methods have been developed in order to identify the species or biovars of ureaplasmas. We developed a Multiplex-PCR method using the UPS-UPSA and UUS2-UUA2 primers, specific for U. parvum and U. urealyticum, respectively. This Multiplex-PCR method was used to identify cultures of clinical positive samples to Ureaplasma spp. by the "MYCOFAST Evolution-2" Kit. Of 56 positive cultures to Ureaplasma spp. from newborn children, 70% were U. parvum and 30% U. urealyticum; in 76 positive samples in women, 83% corresponded to U. parvum and 17% to U. urealyticum, while in 63 positive samples of men, 76% identified U. parvum and 24% U. urealyticum. The PCR-multiplex method showed specificity for the identification of the biovars or species of ureaplasmas of clinical interest.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Species identification and subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum using PCR-based assays.

There is good evidence that the organism currently known as Ureaplasma urealyticum should be divided into two species-U. parvum (previously U. urealyticum biovar 1) and U. urealyticum (previously U. urealyticum biovar 2). In this study, we designed a series of primers, targeting the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions, the urease gene subunits, and the 5' ends of the multiple-banded antigen (MBA) genes, to identify and subtype these Ureaplasma species. All of the species-specific primer pairs could distinguish the two species, but only subtype-specific primer pairs targeting the MBA genes could distinguish subtypes within each species. U. parvum was separated into three subtypes, represented by serovars 1, 3/14, and 6. U. urealyticum was also separated into three subtypes by PCR and/or direct sequencing. Subtype 1 consisted of serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9; subtype 2 contained serovars 4, 10, 12, and 13; and subtype 3 contained serovars 7 and 11. A selection of primer pairs was used to identify and subtype 78 clinical ureaplasma isolates from vaginal swabs of pregnant women and to identify and subtype ureaplasmas directly in 185 vaginal swabs in which they had been previously detected. U. parvum was identified in 228 (87%) of 263 isolates or specimens, and U. urealyticum was identified in 50 (19%) (both were present in 6%). Serovars 3/14 (48%) and 1 (43%) were most common among U. parvum isolates, and subtypes 2 (62%) and 1 (34%) were most common among U. urealyticum isolates. This new PCR-based typing system will facilitate future studies of the relationship between individual Ureaplasma species or subtypes and human disease.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

Polymerase chain reaction-based subtyping of ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum in first-pass urine samples from men with or without urethritis.

BACKGROUND: Our previous study suggested a significant association between Ureaplasma urealyticum and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). However, association of the serovars of U. urealyticum with NGU remains unclear. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay can distinguish 4 serovars of Ureaplasma parvum from each other and categorize 10 serovars of U. urealyticum into 3 subtypes: subtype 1 (serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9), subtype 2 (serovars 4, 10, 12, and 13), and subtype 3 (serovars 7 and 11). GOAL: The goal of this study was to determine which subtypes of U. urealyticum are associated with NGU as determined by PCR-based assay. STUDY: The prevalence of U. urealyticum subtypes in 106 ureaplasma-positive men with urethritis was compared with that in 30 ureaplasma-positive men without urethritis. RESULTS: : In men with nonchlamydial NGU and men with Mycoplasma genitalium-negative nonchlamydial NGU, only U. urealyticum subtype 1 (serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9) was detected significantly more often than in men without urethritis. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that subtype 1 of U. urealyticum (serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9) is associated with NGU independently of Chlamydia trachomatis or M. genitalium.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Rapid detection of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms in genitourinary samples by PCR-microtiter plate hybridization assay.

We present a method for detecting the presence of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms, which are thought to be associated with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and other genitourinary infections, in clinical samples. This method consists of PCR amplification of a part of the 16S rRNA gene followed by 96-well microtiter plate hybridization assay using four species-specific capture probes to detect the targets. To test the efficacy of this method, we applied it to the detection of the four species in the urine of patients with NGU. There were no cross-reactions with other human mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas, and the PCR-microtiter plate hybridization assay detected as few as 10 copies of the 16S rRNA gene of each of the four species. Based on these results, this PCR-microtiter plate hybridization assay can be considered an effective tool for the diagnosis of genitourinary infections with mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2005

Development of real-time PCR for the differential detection and quantification of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum.

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are recently recognized species of the genus Ureaplasma. In humans, Ureaplasma spp. can be found on mucosal surfaces, primarily in the respiratory and urogenital tracts. They have been implicated in various human diseases such as nongonococcal urethritis, intrauterine infections in association with adverse pregnancy outcome and fetal morbidity, and pneumonitis in immunocompromised hosts. We have developed two quantitative real-time PCR assays to differentially detect U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Based upon the sequence information of the urease gene (ureB), we designed two TaqMan primer and probe combinations specific for U. parvum and U. urealyticum, respectively. The assays did not react with nucleic acid preparations from 16 bacterial species commonly encountered in relevant clinical specimens, including seven urease-producing species. Each assay had a detection limit of approximately five copies per reaction of the respective gene target. The results suggest that these assays are both sensitive and specific for U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Further investigation of both assays using clinical specimens is appropriate.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis using polymerase chain reaction-microtiter plate hybridization.

AIM: To use polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-microtiter plate hybridization assays to detect Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in first-voided urine specimens from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). METHODS: A total of 153 male patients with NGU, who visited one of 24 clinics in Japan, were recruited for this study. All were examined using PCR-microtiter plate hybridization assays for the presence of M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. parvum (biovar 1) and U. urealyticum (biovar 2) in first-voided urine specimens. They were also examined for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. RESULTS: Of these 153 patients, 73 (47.7%) were positive for C. trachomatis. Overall, the prevalence was 17.0% for M. genitalium, 16.3% for U. urealyticum (biovar 2), 7.8% for U. parvum (biovar 1) and 2.6% for M. hominis. In the 80 patients with non-chlamydial NGU, the prevalence of M. genitalium, U. urealyticum (biovar 2), U. parvum (biovar 1) and M. hominis was 23.8%, 18.8%, 8.8% and 2.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the prevalence of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in NGU in Japan. M. genitalium and U. urealyticum (biovar 2) might be pathogens of NGU and could be associated with persistent and recurrent urethritis. When patients with NGU are treated, such pathogens should be taken into account. This PCR-microtiter plate hybridization assay provides a useful method for diagnosing NGU caused by M. genitalium and U. urealyticum (biovar 2).

Asian People↗
PubMed2002

Proposal of Ureaplasma parvum sp. nov. and emended description of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Shepard et al. 1974) Robertson et al. 2001.

The phenotypic and genotypic properties of Ureaplasma urealyticum (family Mycoplasmataceae, order Mycoplasmatales, class Mollicutes) are reviewed here. The 14 recognized serovar standard strains found in humans exhibit no serological cross-reactivity with ureaplasmas from other hosts and uniquely express human immuoglobulin A1 protease activity. However, they exhibit many characteristics which place them in two distinct clusters known as the parvo biovar (or biovar 1 or B) and the T960T biovar (or biovar 2 or A). Established phenotypic markers of the biovars include clustering of antigenic types, polypeptide patterns of whole-cell preparations, differential inhibition by manganese, and polymorphism among their ureases, pyrophosphatases and diaphorases. Established genotypic markers of the biovars are DNA-DNA hybridization of 60% between biovars, and distinctive RFLP patterns and genome sizes. Divergent nucleotide sequences of several highly conserved genes attest to the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the two biovars. PCRs founded upon the sequences for 16S rRNA, the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic regions, the genus-defining urease, the serovar-defining, multiple-banded antigen genes or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA tests differentiate the biovars unambiguously. With the availability of rapid, reliable and economical tests for biovar determination, it is now appropriate to propose that the taxonomic status of U. urealyticum be emended. Serovar standard strains exhibiting traits of biovar parvo (serovars 1, 3, 6 and 14) will be designated as a separate species, Ureaplasma parvum sp. nov., as befits its smaller genome size. The serovar 3 standard (strain 27T) will be the type strain of U. parvum and is represented by ATCC 27815T and NCTC 11736T. Serovar standard strains exhibiting traits of biovar T960T (2, 4, 5, 7, 8T, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) will retain the U. urealyticum designation and type strain, the serovar 8 standard (strain T960T), represented by ATCC 27618T and NCTC 10177T.

Genotype↗
PubMed1986

Investigation into the inhibitory effect of flurofamide on animal ureaplasmas and its use in the treatment of ureaplasma-infected sheep.

In vitro tests with the urease inhibitor flurofamide demonstrated that the final inhibitory concentration of 0.5-4 microM on the growth of nine ureaplasma strains was largely ureaplasmastatic, requiring prolonged incubation to have a ureaplasmacidal effect. Intramuscular injection of flurofamide successfully eliminated genital infections of ureaplasma in sheep only when the treatment was repeated on two consecutive days. A dose rate of 5-20 mg/kg body weight eliminated the organism from naturally infected sheep, but 15-25 mg/kg body weight was required to eliminate the infection from eleven of fourteen experimentally, newly infected sheep. Administration of the flurofamide orally in the drinking water failed to eliminate ureaplasmas from any of twenty newly infected sheep.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

The role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in urinary tract infections. Demonstration of antibodies against ureaplasmas in the urine.

This study reports the presence of antibodies against Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urine in 17.2% (85) of 493 patients with chronic pyelonephritis. At the same time in 37 of antibody-positive urine samples evidence was found of cultivated Ureaplasma urealyticum, other bacterial germs were isolated infrequently. These culturally and serologically positive urine samples mostly showed pathologic findings of urine sediments. These results led us to believe in a possible involvement of the Ureaplasmas in keeping inflammation processes in the upper urinary tract.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Phase variation of the multiple banded protein in Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum are common commensals and, possibly, pathogens of the human urogenital tract. Like other Mycoplasmatales they possess variable surface proteins. The multiple banded (MB) protein shows a striking variability of its molecular weight. This is caused by changes of the number of C-terminal repeating units. In this study, selective pressure was imposed against cytadherence of U. urealyticum and U. parvum. Ureaplasmas were co-incubated with either erythrocytes or HeLa cells and the cell-bound fraction was removed. Additionally, U. urealyticum populations were transferred serially through broth containing specific polyclonal antibodies. Both approaches led to the emergence of escape variants in which no MB protein was detectable. PCR studies with several primers on different parts of the mba gene indicated major differences between wild-type strains and MB-negative escape variants. In experiments with clonal lineages, however, the loss of the MB protein was shown to be reversible. Therefore, it is proposed that the multiple banded proteins of U. urealyticum and U. parvum are subjected to a phase-switching mechanism as it has already been described for several other Mycoplasmatales.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1999

Phylogenetic analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum--support for the establishment of a new species, Ureaplasma parvum.

In this study, the phylogenetic relationships between the two biovars and 14 serovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum were studied using the sequences of four different genes or genetic regions, namely: 16S rRNA genes; 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer regions; urease gene subunits ureA, ureB, partial ureC and adjoining regions upstream of ureA, ureA-ureB spacer and ureB-ureC spacer; the 5'-ends of the multiple-banded antigen (MBA) genes. U. urealyticum genotypes, based on all four genomic sequences, could be clearly separated into two clusters corresponding with currently recognized biovars 1 and 2. Sequences were generally conserved within each biovar. However, there was heterogeneity within the 5'-end regions of the MBA genes of the four serovars of biovar 1; the sequence of serovar 3 was identical with the previously published sequence and differed by only three bases from that of serovar 14; but there were significant differences between the sequences of serovars 3 and 14 and those of serovars 1 and 6. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, support is given to previous recommendations that the two biovars of U. urealyticum be classified as distinct species, namely U. parvum and U. urealyticum for biovars 1 and 2, respectively. In the future, the relationship between the new species and clinical manifestations of ureaplasma infections should be studied.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of ureaplasmas from sheep and goats with Ureaplasma diversum and U. urealyticum.

Ureaplasmas isolated from sheep and goats were compared by immunofluorescence with antisera prepared in calves and by PAGE of polypeptides labelled by growth in the presence of [35S]methionine. The ovine and caprine strains constituted two groups defined by serology and polypeptide composition that were not related to the animal species from which they originated. Strains representing these two groups were compared with Ureaplasma urealyticum (human isolates) and U. diversum (bovine isolates). They could not be classified with either but were more similar to the U. diversum strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Susceptibility of mixed infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis to seven antimicrobial agents and comparison with that of Ureaplasma Urealyticum infection.

In order to investigate the susceptibility of mixed infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma Hominis (MH) to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents and comparison with that of UU infection in NGU patients, the in vitro susceptibility was determined by using microdilution method. The positive results were analyzed. The results showed that the sequence of susceptibility to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents for both UU infection group and UU-MH mixed infection group was almost the same from the highest susceptibility to the lowest accordingly: Josamycin, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Sparfloxacin, Roxithromycin, Ofloxacin and Azithromycin. The total drug resistance rate for UU-MH mixed infection group (97.67%) was significantly higher than that for UU infection group (44.67%, P < 0.01). The highest drug resistance rate in UU group and UU-MH mixed infection group was 31.33% (Ofloxacin) and 90.48% (Azithromycin) respectively. UU-MH mixed infection showed an increased drug resistance and changes of drug resistance spectrum.

Adult↗