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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Economic development and urban spatial distribution in Mexico, 1960-1990].

"This study describes general links between economic development and urbanization in Mexico in the periods from 1960 to 1980 and 1980 to 1990. Changes observed in production structure are compared with the dynamics of urban development, according to the increase in the number of cities, modifications in urbanization levels and increases in absolute urban population size. During the [1980s], there seemed to be a change in Mexico's process of urbanization, characterized by a sudden deceleration and sharp fall in the power of the country's four main metropolitan areas to concentrate large populations as they had done up to 1980." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1986

[Urbanization in China. Data on the transformation of the urban system].

Recent trends in urbanization in China are analyzed. "This article presents new figures, as recently published in China, discusses their significance and draws some conclusions about the quality of modern urbanization in China. There are mainly three basic factors responsible for the present situation: 1. The tremendous increase in the rural population; 2. The influence of historical times from which two different city systems evolved (the traditional one and the colonial); 3. The planning strategies since 1949." The author notes that although the overall level of urbanization is low, there are considerable differences in regional urbanization levels. It is suggested that there have been profound changes in the Chinese urban system and urban spatial distribution patterns, which are not yet reflected in the available statistics. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kriging method evaluation for assessing the spatial distribution of urban soil lead contamination.

Describing contaminant spatial distribution is an integral component of risk assessment. Application of geostatistical techniques for this purpose has been demonstrated previously. These techniques may provide both an estimate of the concentration at a given unsampled location, as well as the probability that the concentration at that location will exceed a critical threshold concentration. This research is a comparative study between multiple indicator kriging and kriging with the cumulative distribution function of order statistics, with both local and global variograms. The aim was to determine which of the four methods is best able to delineate between "contaminated" and "clean" soil. The four methods were validated with a subset of data values that were not used in the prediction. Method performance was assessed by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE), analysis of variance, the proportion of sites misclassified by each method as either "clean" when they were actually "contaminated" or vice versa, and the expected loss for each misclassification type. The data used for the comparison were 807 topsoil Pb concentrations from the inner-Sydney suburbs of Glebe and Camperdown, Australia. While there was very little difference between the four methods, multiple indicator kriging was found to produce the most accurate predictions for delineating "clean" from "contaminated" soil.

Cities↗
PubMed1993

The distribution of urban population and income: explorations using six Asian cases.

"Urban concentration (or primacy) and inequality (in size distribution of income) are expected to follow bell shaped curves through the development process. Spatial convergence (through investments in transportation etc.) is expected to precede income convergence. Using longitudinal data from six Asian countries (Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and India) this paper shows that (i) the bell shapes for urban concentration and income inequality generally hold, and (ii) the temporal relationship between the curve peaks is determined by geographical factors (for urban concentration); income inequality is seen to be more policy amenable."

Asia↗
PubMed1982

The impact of demographic changes on income distribution in a developing country.

"A common hypothesis regarding the distribution of income is that it tends to become more unequal in the initial and middle stages of economic development, in part because of demographic changes. However, previous studies of the effect of demographic changes on income distribution are not based on the underlying micro determinants of the income components." In the present paper, "the micro determinants of the probability of receipt and amount received conditional on receipt of four income components are estimated for three regions defined by the degree of urbanization. Five simulations of hypothetical demographic changes are conducted. The simulated effects on some of the regional income component distributions are fairly considerable in regard both to equalizing the distributions and increasing the shares of the poorest. However, the overall effects are regressive in both urban and rural regions."

Demography↗