SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
In a review, the historical connections between the medical centers of the University of Berlin (Charité) and the University of Vienna are described. The present status is reported and several suggestions for a further development are given.
BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue sarcomas of the head and neck are rare. Local recurrence is common, and wide excision is thought to be the mainstay of treatment. Surgical radicality is limited by the vicinity of vital organs. Improvement of cure rates therefore is expected mainly from combined treatment modalities. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 32 cases of soft-tissue sarcoma on file at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Vienna between 1954 and 1994. RESULTS: The most frequent descriptive histological diagnosis was polymorphic cell sarcoma in 11 cases. An immunohistological verification was possible in seven cases. The larynx and the pharynx (16 percent each) were the most common sites of affection. Incidence peaks were noted in the third and seventh decade of age. Treatment during the 1950s consisted of surgery and/or irradiation and was supplemented from the 1960s on by polychemotherapy. The median survival was 29 months. Three patients are alive, two patients died free of disease and six patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Permanent cure was rare but each therapeutic regimen seemed to provide prolongation of life. The most important prognostic factors were tumor size, histologic grade, and surgical margins.
Reported in this paper is a modification of placental blood flow measurement which is in use at the I. Gynaecological Hospital of the University of Vienna. An injection of 350muCi 113m-In-Transferrin was followed by computer-aided on-line recording of the radioactivity curve over the placenta, using a gamma scintillation camera. Radioactivity-time curves may be described by the e-function, At=A0(1-e-kt). The iterative regression method was used for mathematical evaluation, and the curve slope was printed out at zero by the computer (tgx at zero). The flow curves were attributable with good clinical relevance to three types of standard curves depending on curve shapes. The disadvantages of other methods are discussed.
70 years ago, on October 21st, 1908, the new building of the Second Gynaecological Department of Vienna University--a fine example of Jugendstil--was opened. This jubilee takes place at the time when the whole structure of the university clinics is undergoing fundamental change, the new "Allgemeines Krankenhaus" is under construction and while the Jugendstil is enjoying new popularity. An attempt is made to outline the lives and work of the outstanding representatives of the Second Gynaecological Department of Vienna University and the history of the building.
A historical review is presented of the foundation of the radium ward of the 1st Gynaecology Department of the University and its development into the Radiotherapy Department of the 1st and 2nd Gynaecology Departments of Vienna University. Altogether 8500 patients with gynaecological carcinomas were treated primarily by irradiation over this period and 75.000 post irradiation outpatient follow-up examinations were carried through. This report includes laudatory statements by Prof. Antoine, Prof. Gitsch and Prof. Kärcher on the 25th anniversary of the department.
The treatment of colorectal cancer was chosen as a significant example for the history of the second department of surgery of Vienna University. Not only was a considerable part of relevant surgical techniques developed here, but also the problem of cancer has always been one of the traditional fields of activity of this institution. After the foundation of modern abdominal surgery by Billroth, his pupil Czerny performed the first combined abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum, whilst Gussenbauer, his successor, carried out the first curative resection of a carcinoma of the colon. Hochenegg performed the first sphincter-saving resection of the rectum and devised his pull-through procedure. Moreover, he started to organize the general fight against cancer by a campaign to enlighten the public. Denk continued these activities. He founded the cancer research centre and initiated the present activities in the prevention and therapy of cancer in this country.
The first examples of nurse training, beginning in Vienna in 1812 and in Berlin in 1832, demonstrate that research in nursing-history must explore primary sources which are still in existence, in order to counteract current cliche and perhaps even develop completely new insights into historical accounts. Nursing literature in Austria did not start will the textbook by Billroth (1st edition 1881), but with the textbook by Maximilian Florian Schmidt, same publisher, 50 years earlier. His professorship was not held in the University but in what would not be a technical school. The textbook by Schmidt, and not that by Franz Anton Mai (1782), provided the submission for the curriculum which Dieffenbach made available to the school opened in Berlin in 1832. Dieffenbach was given the title of "Professor" for his services to "the improvement of nursing" and not for his pioneer work in plastic and orthopedic surgery. It was not Dieffenbach's curriculum but the 1837 revision of the work of Gedike, who was not a pupil of Dieffenbach's, which was used by the ministery responsible for the Board of Trustees of the hospital, for the state controlled course of nursing education. This educational programme was not less optional than that statutorily controlled one from 1907 onwards.
UNLABELLED: According to the reports described in the literature, fractionated HDR brachytherapy seems to represent one option for the primary treatment of cervical carcinoma. In order to render such treatment transparent and comparable for those interested in the field, we have attempted to report our recent experience obtained in Vienna from 1993-1997 using the terminology proposed by the ICRU report 38, focusing in particular on dose and volume reporting and a linear-quadratic model. Based on these parameters, a comparison with the preceding period in Vienna (LDR/HDR) has been made, with an attempt to correlate different methods and parameters with outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty-nine patients (mean age 67 years) were treated with curative intent (stage Ia: 2, Ib: 11, IIa: 11, IIb: 79, IIIa: 19, IIIb: 59, IVa: 5, IVb: 3 patients) using a combination of intracervical high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (ring-tandem applicator) and a box technique for external-beam therapy (EBT: 48.6-50 Gy, linac 25 MV). Small tumors were treated with 5-6 fractions of 7 Gy at point A and 50 Gy EBT (25 Gy in the brachytherapy reference volume) which is isoeffective to 76-86 Gy at point A. Large tumors received 3-4 fractions of 7 Gy after 50 Gy EBT with open fields, which is isoeffective to 82-92 Gy at point A. TRAK varied from mean 1.4 cGy (3 fractions) to 2.8 cGy (6 fractions) at one meter. 3-D treatment planning for brachytherapy was based on conventional X-rays and in 181/189 patients on computed tomography (CT) with the applicator in place. Computer-calculated volumes of the brachytherapy reference isodose (7 Gy/fraction) ranged from 46-155 ccm (mean 87 ccm); the respective mean hwt-volume (height x width x thickness) was 180 ccm. The 60 Gy HWT volumes (25 Gy from EBT) for the irradiation of small tumors ranged from 240 to 407 ccm (mean 337 ccm) and for larger tumors (50 Gy for EBT) from 452 to 785 ccm (mean 607 ccm). The mean dose for brachytherapy was 16.2 Gy (6.2-37.8 Gy) at the ICRU rectum reference point and 14.4 Gy (4.6-35.7 Gy) at the ICRU bladder point. Taking into account the dose for EBT, the mean isoeffective dose at the ICRU rectum reference point was 69.9 Gy (28.4-98.7 Gy). Overall treatment time was six weeks for small tumors and eight weeks for large tumors. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 34 months, actuarial pelvic control and disease-specific survival rates at three years were 77.6/68.6% for all patients, 100/77.1% for stage Ib, 100/100% stage IIa, 87.0/78.0% stage IIb, 52.7/52.1% stage IIIa, 69.1/58.6% stage IIIb and 60/53.3% stage IVa. According to the LENT/SOMA score which had been prospectively introduced, the actuarial late complication rate for grades 3 and 4 was 2.9% for the bladder, 4.0% for the bowel, 6.1% for the rectum and 30.6% for the vagina (shortening and obliteration); in total for all grades 23.6, 18.4, 24.2, and 67.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In our experience, HDR brachytherapy combined with EBT is an efficient method if sufficient radiation doses and volumes are applied, both with regard to tumor control and adverse side effects. In future, the therapeutic window will be increased by systematic integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into treatment planning, thus allowing for a highly individualized approach with further adaptation of radiation dose and volume both to the target and to the individual topography of organs at risk.
The electrophoretic mobility test (EMT), modified only slightly, was applied to a group of 25 patients suffering from gynecological cancer as well as to a control group of the same number. On an average, cancer patients demonstrated an inhibition of 5.5%, control patients an inhibition of 2.3%. These mean values near the discrimination border are caused in 14 false (positive or negative) results and in further 8 results valued ambiguous at inhibition quotes between 3 and 5%. Neither methodological nor casuistical analyses yielded clear conclusions about the reasons of recurrent test failures. Therefore, the manner of measurement becomes more interesting for us as more as this method does not include objectivity and precise documentation of the physical proceedings in a sufficient range. At least, we refer to an alternative method of measurement equalizing these problems by photographical documentation.
PURPOSE: To report our experience with both (123)I-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-octreotide for imaging to identify primary and metastatic tumor sites in carcinoid patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-four patients with a verified or clinically suspected diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor were injected with (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT for imaging purposes, while 133 patients underwent scanning with both (123)I-VIP and (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT in random order. Imaging results were compared with computed tomography scans, results of conventional ultrasound, endosonography, and endoscopy, and results of surgical exploration in case of inconclusive conventional imaging. RESULTS: Primary or recurrent carcinoid tumors could be visualized with (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT in 95 (91%) of 104 patients; metastatic sites were identified in 110 (95%) of 116 patients. In 11 (51%) of 21 patients with suggestive symptoms but without identified lesions by conventional imaging, focal tracer uptake located the carcinoid tumor. In addition, metastatic disease was demonstrated in three patients after resection. In a direct comparison in the 133 patients who underwent both imaging modalities, (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT was found to be superior to (123)I-VIP, with 35 (93%) of 38 versus 32 (82%) of 38 scans being positive in primary or recurrent tumors, 58 (90%) of 65 versus 53 (82%) of 65 being positive in patients with metastatic sites, and seven (44%) of 16 versus four (25%) of 16 being positive in patients with symptoms but otherwise negative work-ups. Overall, additional lesions not seen on conventional imaging were imaged in 43 (41%) of 158 versus 25 (25%) of 103 scans with (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT and (123)I-VIP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both peptide tracers have a high sensitivity for localizing tumor sites in patients with ascertained or suspected carcinoid tumors, with (111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-OCT scintigraphy being more sensitive than (123)I-VIP receptor scanning. Both, however, had a higher diagnostic yield than conventional imaging, as verified by surgical intervention or long-term follow-up. The combination of both peptide receptor scans does not seem to further enhance diagnostic information.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.