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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Universal history of mortality].

The history of human disease has to be based almost entirely on what we know about the changes in mortality and life expectancy; illness and suffering do not lend themselves to hard statistics, whereas births and deaths can be counted. To learn about the way diseases have been conquered in the past we have, therefore, to look at mortality. From this study we see that the major lethal diseases were conquered not so much by discovering how to treat them as by prevention. The decline on mortality began at the start of the past century, at a time of revolution and reform, and was greatly accelerated when the causes of many diseases were discovered at the end of the nineteenth century. Even in the twentieth century, the greatest improvements are still being achieved by preventive measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Back to the future--the history and philosophy of medicine experiment at Sydney University.

History and Philosophy of Medicine has been a compulsory unit in the first year of the medical curriculum at Sydney University for the past decade. Volunteer tutors are drawn from most clinical and basic science departments, and each year the programme is organized on a theme of current importance in medical practice. This course began as an experiment because no resources were available for specialist staff, but has proved outstandingly successful in generating both student and teaching staff interest and support for the programme. Students present short tutorial papers to their peer group followed by submission of an essay which takes into account the tutorial discussion. The open book examination includes analysis of an unseen piece of primary source material as well as questions derived from the classwork. The Faculties of Arts and Science encouraged this educational experiment and several medical students have now opted to undertake a year of historical research during the intercalated B Sci(Med) programme, and a number of the tutors have enrolled in postgraduate historial or ethical programmes. We suggest that this model may permit introduction of novel courses in times of financial cutback within the Universities, and even allow a foundation to be laid for future development.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

[Informatics education in undergraduate study at the 1st Medical School of Charles University].

History of medical informatics at the 1st Medical Faculty goes to 25 years back. Currently curriculum is divided in two parts. In the first year of studies and obligatory course of computer technique is organized including: computer functions, communications with computers, database systems and text editors. In the 4th year of studies a course in clinical informatics is realized including: principles of computer science, statistical software, artificial intelligence, computer in pedagogy, scientific information, classification in medicine, biological signal and picture analysis, hospital information systems, computer in outpatient ward, clinical decision support, computer simulation in clinical medicine, computers in pharmacology, computer in metabolic care, computers in medical devices. In this way medical students are prepared to be able to use technical means in scientific information management.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1996

[Not Available].

Upon his death in 1895, Carl Schorlemmer, professor of chemistry at the Victoria University in Manchester/GB, left an extensive but unfinished and unpublished manuscript, which is now stored in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. It covers about 1100 pages and deals with the history of chemistry from antiquity to the second third of the 17th century. Based on a several years' study of this paper, an evaluation of its main parts (Chemical knowledge of antiquity/The age of alchemy/ The age of medical chemistry) is given. As compared with his book The Rise and development of organic chemistry (Manchester/London 1879) Schorlemmer seemes to have overstepped the summit of scientific-historical efficiency in the "Contributions ...". Some authors believe that he intended to write an universal history of chemistry from the Marxist point of view but this presumption cannot be supported.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1988

Nitrite inhalants: historical perspective.

There are important reasons for considering nitrite inhalation as a factor in the development of AIDS-related KS in young male homosexuals. These are (1) the pharmacologic properties of amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrites, which are toxic; (2) the mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic products resulting from metabolism of N-nitroso compounds; (3) the potent carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds in 39 different animal species; and (4) the deleterious effects of volatile nitrites on human lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically related to this epidemic, there are additional reasons for pursuing the connection between nitrite inhalation and development of KS. These include: (1) the timing of the production and sales of volatile nitrites for use as recreational drugs and the subsequent outbreak of the AIDS epidemic (7 to 10 years); (2) the extensive use of nitrites among male homosexuals; (3) the virtual universal history of nitrite use by young male homosexuals in whom KS has developed during the past 3 years; and (4) the age group in which KS is developing is consistent with a cohort initially exposed 7 to 10 years ago.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗