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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The activities of the Narcotics Laboratory Section of the Division of Narcotic Drugs in supporting national laboratories. United Nations Secretariat.

Since the establishment of the Narcotics Laboratory Section of the Division of Narcotic Drugs of the United Nations Secretariat in 1954, in accordance with resolution 834 (IX) of the United Nations General Assembly, the activities of the Narcotics Laboratory Section have developed according to the recommendations of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. The Narcotics Laboratory Section carried out research on opium, cannabis, khat and codeine. The current programme of the Laboratory Section includes the following activities: Providing training in drug identification techniques to scientists, primarily from developing countries, and developing training standards; Strengthening national narcotics laboratories in developing countries, including the procurement of basic laboratory equipment; Developing standard testing methods applicable in developing countries; Providing reference samples for analytical and research purposes; Providing scientific and technical information on drugs of abuse; Collaborating with national narcotics laboratories.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy and side effects of immediate postcoital levonorgestrel used repeatedly for contraception. United Nations Development Programme/ United Nations Population Fund/World Health Organization/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Task Force on Post-Ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. vonhertzenh@who.ch.

We evaluated the efficacy and side effects of immediate postcoital administration of levonorgestrel 0.75 mg used repeatedly for contraception. A total of 295 healthy women with infrequent coitus were enrolled at 6 study sites. Each woman took levonorgestrel 0.75 mg by mouth immediately after intercourse during 6 months as her only method of contraception. We collected data on side effects and acceptability and calculated the Pearl index failure rates over 133 woman-years of use by standard methods. The Pearl index failure rate was 6.8 (95% CI 3.1-12.9) pregnancies per 100 woman-years of use. The overall probability of pregnancy per treated coital act was 1.4 per 1000. Approximately one-third of participants discontinued the study within 6 months (mainly for bleeding problems). Menstrual complaints were reported by 70% of women. Other complaints included (in decreasing order) nausea, breast tenderness, weakness, dizziness, headache, abdominal bloating, loss of libido, depression, and vomiting. High-dose levonorgestrel pills are unsuitable for regular postcoital contraception.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventive and treatment measures to reduce drug abuse: summary of responses to a survey of national programmes. United Nations Secretariat.

This article summarizes the salient points extracted from the responses of 67 Governments to a survey of national drug-abuse prevention and treatment programmes. The results of the survey were presented in more detail in E/CN.7/673, which was considered by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its seventh special session in February 1982. Most responses indicated that heavy reliance was placed on control and drug law enforcement to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. Some concern was expressed over the possibility that drug information or drug education that was ill-conceived or inaccurately targeted might arouse curiosity and experimentation. There had been relatively little in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of either preventive or treatment measures that had been undertaken. The involvement of voluntary organizations, families, communities and groups of "high-risk" youth was generally regarded, however, as an essential feature of successful preventive and treatment work. A few responses indicated that the maintenance of heroin or other opiate addicts had been successful in reducing drug-related crime and other undesirable behaviour. Preventive education was most effective when presented within the broader context of health education, as well as civics or similar studies within the curriculum of schools and universities. School programmes were more effective when they involved communities. A considerable effort had been made to train medical personnel and those likely to come into professional contact with persons at risk. Shortages of trained staff and other resources were frequently mentioned as inhibiting factors.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1997

Multiple sclerosis in the Turkish- and Greek-speaking communities of Cyprus. A United Nations (UNHCR) Bicommunal Project.

A United Nations (UNHCR)-sponsored study has been undertaken, involving neurologists from the Turkish-speaking northern and Greek-speaking southern communities of Cyprus, to ascertain the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to bring the medical personnel of the two communities to work together. The Turkish community includes both Turkish Cypriots and, since 1974, a big influx of immigrants from Turkey. The prevalence of MS among Turkish Cypriot men was significantly higher than in Turkish Cypriot women and was as high as has been found in men in recent studies in Northern Europe. It was also significantly higher than among Greek Cypriot men. The prevalence in Turkish Cypriot women was not significantly different to that found in Greek Cypriot women. Among the immigrants from mainland Turkey MS prevalence was significantly less for both men and women than among the Turkish Cypriots. In the Greek-speaking metropolitan area of Nicosia the prevalence of MS was 51 per 100,000, (males 43, females 59). The overall MS prevalence in four areas studied in Greek-speaking Cyprus, including three previously studied, was 42 per 100,000, (males 39, females 46 per 100,000).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the application of the ICIDH and ICF in developing countries: evidence from the United Nations Disability Statistics Database (DISTAT).

The paper reviews the application of the ICIDH and the ICF in developing countries using data and information available in the United Nations Disability Statistics Database at the United Nations Statistics Division. The focus of the paper is limited to studies carried out in the 1990s and also censuses conducted in the 2000 round of censuses. There are substantial variations between studies in the questions used to identify the population with disabilities, and for most countries, these questions are not based on either the ICIDH or the ICF. Disability status is ascertained mainly through use of impairment screens that include a list of a few severe impairments. Recent studies show use of the ICIDH and also the ICF in the development of questions on disability. This may be attributed mainly to guidelines in the United Nations census recommendations regarding use of the ICIDH framework and terminology to develop the question(s) on disability. Work of the United Nations Statistics Division aimed at improving the international comparability of methods and use of international standards could increase use of the ICF in disability measurement. This includes regional training workshops and also the work of the newly created Washington City Group on Disability Measurement.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crisis in the United Nations, NATO and the European Union.

The unilateralist policies of the United States administration have raised the question of how the international system should operate. It is suggested that the administration is dismissive of institutions such as the United Nations, the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol because they do not permit the US to follow its desire to be the world's unchallenged economic, political and military force. It is proposed that the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe should be responsible for European security in place of NATO. The European Union should not attempt to compete militarily with the US, but could act as a counterweight by adopting sustainable economic policies and political reforms. The United Nations must be democratized and international security enhanced by dealing with poverty and inequality. An emerging global public opinion may provide the political will for this to be achieved.

European Union↗
PubMed2004

[Health in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child].

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a document that secures the fundamental minimum needs of the child. It takes great consideration to support the perspective of the child in every respect. Most important of them are those, which influence the social process and fullness of child development: right to live, right to education and right to care. The attention is also paid to the child's right to health and health services. Lithuania joined the Convention in 1992. The review of literature on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is given. The perspectives and problems of implementation of Convention in Lithuania are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Who should be doing what in the international health: a confusion of mandates in the United Nations?

Since 1945 at least five United Nations organisations have become substantially involved in international health activities. This has led to considerable confusion among policy makers, scholars, and UN staff over distinct and appropriate mandates. Interviews with staff an a historical analysis have shown that while formal mandates have been complementary, effective mandates have led to an unclear delineation of activities. The process of translating formal into effective mandates have been influenced by the decentralised nature of the UN, lack of a master plan for its activities, the considerable growth in the policy agenda and the shift towards a multisectoral approach to health. The identification of each organisation's comparative advantage, at both the global and country levels, is one way of understanding what each organisation does best and perhaps should be doing. There is a need for improved mechanisms to define effective mandates, taking into account comparative advantages, if the mandates of UN organisations are appropriate to meet future challenges in international health.

Global Health↗