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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. III. The quantitative transmission of Litomosoides carinii to un-irradiated and irradiated golden hamsters and white mice.

The quantitative transmission of Litomosoides carinii by Liponyssus bacoti to un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters and mice is described. Both young and adult, un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters were highly susceptible to L. carinii but mice (un-irradiated or irradiated) were poor hosts. All hamsters (18 un-irradiated and seven irradiated) became infected. Seven out of nine mice in an un-irradiated series became infected. There was apparently 'age resistance' or 'young susceptibility' in the hamsters. The susceptibility of young hamsters appeared similar to that of new-born Carworth white rats and cotton rats. The pattern of infection in un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters was similar. Results from irradiated animals were insufficient to draw any clear conclusions on the effect of irradiation to susceptibility to infection with L. carinii. X-irradiation apparently did not affect the innate susceptibility cr resistance of hamsters and mice to worms. The duration and intensity of microfilaraemia was apparently higher in irradiated hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

UN-1, a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a human thymocyte undescribed antigen.

A monoclonal antibody (MoAb), UN-1, specific for a human thymocyte cell surface antigen was produced. The same MoAb recognized in immunofluorescence also cells of the human T line HPB-ALL, while did not bind human peripheral blood cells and cells of some T, B and myeloid lines. Western blotting analysis of thymocyte membranes with MoAb UN-1 revealed a structure with a molecular weight of 150 kDa. Therefore both the pattern of expression and the size of the antigen recognized by MoAb UN-1 did not correspond to any previously described cell surface molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Swedish UN soldiers in Cyprus, UNFICYP: their psychological and social situation.

Two Swedish rifle batallions serving as UN soldiers in Cyprus (UNFICYP) have been investigated with respect to their demographic background and motives for application for UN service. The comparison of symptoms of stress in general, of posttraumatic stress disorder specifically, and some other variables of reaction with various studies of Swedish UN soldiers in different settings has given the following results. Very few interviewees experienced 'personal nervous breakdown' (0.5%). The soldiers reported in general very few psychological or psychosomatic complaints in the short time perspective. There seemed, however, to be two groups of persons at risk, namely those who were repatriated and those with a high consumption of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Un-cross-matched blood for emergency transfusion. One year's experience in a civilian setting.

One year's experience (56 cases) in the use of un-cross-matched blood for emergency transfusion in a large civilian teaching hospital showed that 49 transfusions were given as un-cross-matched, group-specific (ABO and Rh) blood in emergencies. Seventy-seven percent (43) of blood requests were for patients with trauma, unexpected massive intraoperative hemorrhage, or ruptured aneurysm. The indications for emergency transfusion were questionable in ten cases. There were no adverse effects noted even though complete serologic testing had not been done. While the use of un-cross-matched blood is usually safe, the potential for serious reaction exists. Overuse should be discouraged.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative analyses of hydrophobicity of di- to pentapeptides having un-ionizable side chains with substituent and structural parameters.

With experimental conditions established recently, we measured the partition ratio (P') of 124 di- to pentapeptides composed of amino acids having un-ionizable side chains in a 1-octanol:pH 7.0 aqueous phosphate buffer system as an approximate zwitterionized "molecular" partition coefficient (P). Empirical equations of good quality, correlating the variations in log P' value of peptides with free energy-related physicochemical parameters for the side chain substituents and substructures, were formulated. The significant side chain parameters were those representing the intrinsic hydrophobicity, the steric effect on the relative solvation of functional groups on the backbone, and the conformational potential index derived from the Chou-Fasman beta-turn potential parameters. For polar side chains, specific indicator variables were required for intramolecular hydrogen-bond formations and the "polar proximity effect" for reductions of hydrophilicity observed when polar groups are crowded together. The proline residue was shown to contribute to the log P' value depending not only on its location on the backbone but also on the number of residues in peptides. On the basis of the analyses, we proposed a new "effective" hydrophobicity index for un-ionizable side chains which could predict the secondary structure of oligopeptides.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

pH gradients across phospholipid membranes caused by fast flip-flop of un-ionized fatty acids.

A central, unresolved question in cell physiology is how fatty acids move across cell membranes and whether protein(s) are required to facilitate transbilayer movement. We have developed a method for monitoring movement of fatty acids across protein-free model membranes (phospholipid bilayers). Pyranin, a water-soluble, pH-sensitive fluorescent molecule, was trapped inside well-sealed phosphatidylcholine vesicles (with or without cholesterol) in Hepes buffer (pH 7.4). Upon addition of a long-chain fatty acid (e.g., oleic acid) to the external buffer (also Hepes, pH 7.4), a decrease in fluorescence of pyranin was observed immediately (within 10 sec). This acidification of the internal volume was the result of the "flip" of un-ionized fatty acids to the inner leaflet, followed by a release of protons from approximately 50% of these fatty acid molecules (apparent pKa in the bilayer = 7.6). The proton gradient thus generated dissipated slowly because of slow cyclic proton transfer by fatty acids. Addition of bovine serum albumin to vesicles with fatty acids instantly removed the pH gradient, indicating complete removal of fatty acids, which requires rapid "flop" of fatty acids from the inner to the outer monolayer layer. Using a four-state kinetic diagram of fatty acids in membranes, we conclude that un-ionized fatty acid flip-flops rapidly (t1/2 < or = 2 sec) whereas ionized fatty acid flip-flops slowly (t1/2 of minutes). Since fatty acids move across phosphatidylcholine bilayers spontaneously and rapidly, complex mechanisms (e.g., transport proteins) may not be required for translocation of fatty acids in biological membranes. The proton movement accompanying fatty acid flip-flop is an important consideration for fatty acid metabolism in normal physiology and in disease states such as cardiac ischemia.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1992

Molecular characterization of the p(un) allele of the mouse pink-eyed dilution locus.

The mouse pink-eyed dilution locus, p, located on chromosome 7, mediates coat and eye color. The human correlate of this gene may underlie some forms of tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism. Mutations at the p locus result in a reduction in pigmentation of the eyes and coat. Although most mutant p alleles (including all spontaneous mutations) affect only pigmentation, several mutant alleles (all radiation induced) are also associated with a variety of other phenotypes. We have focused our attention on the p(un) mutant allele, a spontaneous mutation, exhibiting one of the highest reversion frequencies reported for a mammalian mutation. Using a new technique, genome scanning, we have cloned fragments of genomic DNA from the p locus that are associated with a DNA duplication in p(un) DNA. These fragments can now be used to locate the p gene-encoding sequences and aid in the molecular characterization of complex mutant p alleles.

Albinism, Oculocutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Anti-tumor promoting activities and inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation of Shi-un-kou and its constituents].

The Kampo-prescription, Shi-un-kou, and its constituent crude drugs [Lithospermum erythrorhizon (1), Macrotomia euchroma (2) and Angelica acutiloba (3)] were assayed for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation induced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The crude drugs exhibited inhibitory activity singly and in combinations. In particular, the combination of 2 and 3 yielded enhanced inhibition and lower cytotoxicity. The anti-tumor promoter activity suggested by these results was further investigated in an in vivo study, which demonstrated that Shi-un-kou markedly inhibited TPA-induced skin tumor formation in mice.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

[Synthesis and antiinflammatory and anticancer activities of 2-(E)-(un)substituted benzylidene cyclopentanones and their Mannich base hydro chlorides].

It has been known that non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act by preventing cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. In recent years, research on non-steroid dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which should represent a novel class of antiinflammatory drugs with a wider spectrum of activity than classical NSAIDs, has been carried out. In the present paper, a total of 29 compounds including 18 compounds of 2-(E)-(un) substituted benzylidene cyclopentanone (I) derivatives and 11 compounds of 2-(E)-(un)substituted benzylidene-5-dimethylaminomethyl cyclopentanone (II) derivatives were synthesized as dual inhibitors of CO/5-LO. Preliminary pharmacological test showed that I4, I12 and I13 given orally have significant inhibiting effect on carrageenan induced rat paw edema and most compounds of type II exhibited potent effect when given subcutaneously. In particular, II3, which inhibited by 95.8%, 70.34%, and 44.2% at 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/kg respectively, was similar to Ibuprofen. Some compounds of type II exhibited anticancer activity both in vitro (IC50 ranging from 2.93 to 18.06 mumol/L on L1210) and in vivo (maximum increase of life span was 97.5% on EAC in mice).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How the UN is defending human rights.

Today some nurses are themselves victims of human rights violations (ranging from the extreme practice of torture to economic and social discrimination just because they are women), while others are witness to violations of the rights of their people or patients (minorities, indigenous population, AIDS sufferers, the mentally ill or children). But these injustices are not being ignored and nurses can help stop them. Since 40 years ago when the conscience of the world was awakened with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international instruments providing the legal clout and pressure to stop the oppressors have been set in motion and are working in some places. Unfortunately violations continue in a number of countries. There are numerous effective channels (see also Inside View), many through the UN. To mark the Declaration's 40th anniversary on December 10 and to give readers a better understanding of what the UN is doing to promote and protect the peoples of the world, INR below answers some questions that nurses may be asking, defines the treaties and shows what international machinery is available to realize those rights.* In a subsequent issue, INR will focus on nurses' involvement in torture and other inhuman treatment and their moral dilemma, giving the views of nurses who have cared for such victims.

Human Rights↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A among Swedish UN soldiers in an endemic region.

Six hundred and fifteen Swedish soldiers (X = 24.9 years) serving with the UN forces in Cyprus were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) before and after six months' service. Before the service, a high susceptibility to hepatitis A was found, as only 2.3% (14/615) had anti-HAV. In comparison, the prevalence of anti-HAV among 124 native Cypriots (X = 23.9 years) was 97% (120/124), which showed Cyprus to be a region where hepatitis A is endemic. The soliders were given immunoglobulin (IG) prophylaxis (2 ml of 16.5% IG) against hepatitis A very third month. The incidence of subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A among the Swedish soliders was 0.2% (1/615). It was concluded that the IG-prophylaxis scheme used seems to be highly effective and probably completely prevents even subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A in non-immune persons in regions where hepatitis A is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of un-united fractures of the shaft of the humerus with bent nail.

The results of operative treatment of 78 cases of un-united fractures of the humeral diaphysis are reported. The operation consisted of medullary nail fixation, the nail being bent at the fracture site in order to engage the cortex above and below the fracture, and was followed by plaster splintage. Forty-nine cases showed evidence of union within 20 weeks and 21 united between 20 and 30 weeks. Of the remaining cases, two had broken nails and five were lost to follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative contributions of cholesterol and the individual classes of phospholipids and their degree of fatty acyl (un)saturation to membrane fluidity measured by fluorescence polarization.

Steady-state fluorescence polarization (P) measurements, using the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, in a large variety of well-defined liposomes at 25 degrees C allowed a quantitative description of the contributions of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and (un)saturation of fatty acyl groups in the various phospholipids to the structural order (or the mutual affinity) of membrane lipids. The P values for liposomes prepared from lipid extracts of natural (purified) membranes of various origins could be more or less predicted (calculated) from the relative contributions of the individual lipid components. In all cases, the polarization varied with the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio (C/PL) according to the equation P = Pplat -(Pplat -Pzero) exp(-alpha C/PL), in which Pzero refers to the polarization without cholesterol and Pplat is a maximal plateau value, reached at a high C/PL (greater than 1). The "cholesterol-ordering coefficient" alpha of the phospholipids was found to increase with the fraction of sphingomyelin or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine molecules, indicating that the susceptibility of phospholipids to be ordered by cholesterol is increased by these compounds. Pzero increases curvilinearly with the fraction of either of these molecules. Pplat increases linearly with the fraction of saturated acyl chains for most phospholipids. Highly unsaturated fatty acyl chains (e.g., 20:4 and 22:6) strongly depress Pplat but not Pzero. The results suggest that such phospholipids are unlikely to associate with cholesterol and may thus create extremely fluid membrane domains. The disproportionation of cholesterol in the cell can be understood by the differing composition of the phospholipids in plasma membranes and endomembranes and their ordering susceptibility (affinity) toward cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Re-attachment of the un-united trochanter in Charnley low friction arthroplasty.

In a prospective study, a double crossover wire with a compression spring was used to re-attach 52 un-united trochanters at revision operations on total hip arthroplasties. Bony union was achieved in 42 (81%) and was not influenced by the duration of the nonunion or the separation gap. The new method compared favourably with earlier revisions at which other methods of trochanteric re-attachment had been used.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Regional effects of craniotomy on cerebral circulation and metabolism: PET study on the un-ruptured aneurysmal surgery].

Regional effects of craniotomy on cerebral circulation and metabolism, such as regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral oxygen consumption (rCMRO2), regional oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were examined by a PET (positron emission tomography) study concerning surgery that was performed on unruptured aneurysm patients. Eight patients with intracranial un-ruptured aneurysms were studied pre- and post-operatively by the 15O labelled-gas steady-state method, using HEADTOME-III. All patients underwent aneurysmal surgery performed by the transsylvian approach. There was a significant increase in the mean OEF values taken from the whole-brains of 8 patients, but there was not a significant change in CBF, CMRO2 or CBV. The increase in OEF was caused by decrease of O2 content, which was caused by post-operative decrease in the Hb value. So, this OEF increase was not the direct effect of craniotomy. In 2 patients, the rCBF and rCMRO2, in the fronto-temporal region (where craniotomy was performed) increased post-operatively. This regional effect suggests transient reactive hyperemia following compressive ischemia during the operative procedure, and metabolic demands for recovery of brain function. In 2 other patients, who had relatively low rCBFs during the pre-operative study, rCBF and rCMRO2 in the bi-frontal region had decreased more at the post-operative study. This change appears to have been caused by removal of cerebrospinal fluid and depression of the frontal lobe. From this study, it becomes evident that the regional effect of craniotomy on cerebral circulation and metabolism is not so great, when adequate microsurgical techniques are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human insulin: much ado about hypoglycaemia (un)awareness.

The biological effects, hypoglycaemic symptoms, endocrine counterregulatory responses and glucose recovery following the injection of purified porcine and human insulin preparations were compared in a number of controlled clinical investigations and prospective clinical trials. In these studies involving healthy volunteers, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or intensified conventional insulin therapy and insulin treated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, no differences with regard to biological effects, counterregulatory responses, hypoglycaemic awareness or the long-term incidence of severe hypoglycaemia between porcine and human insulin preparations were identified. These data fail to confirm any specific risk of severe hypoglycaemia attributable to the use of human insulin preparations in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗